Zamkatimu
- Kusankha Kwa Mkonzi
- Matebulo Otsogola Opambana 10 Opambana mu 2022 Malinga ndi KP
- Momwe mungasankhire tebulo la inversion la msana
Ululu kumbuyo, m'munsi kumbuyo, khomo lachiberekero dera akhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse mabwenzi a munthu wamakono. Kugwira ntchito mokhazikika, kusakhazikika bwino, kusowa nthawi yamasewera - zonsezi zimayambitsa kusapeza bwino kwa msana.
Mutha kukonza izi ngati mutayamba kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukaonana ndi akatswiri otikita minofu pafupipafupi, koma mumapeza kuti nthawi ndi ndalama za izi? Kupatula apo, ngakhale gawo limodzi lakutikita minofu ndikulembetsa ku kalabu yabwino yolimbitsa thupi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo ngati mukuganiza kuti ndi bwino kuphunzira ndi mphunzitsi, osati nokha, ndiye kuti mtengo wa nkhaniyi udzawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi mphunzitsi? Inde, chifukwa ngati simuli katswiri wothamanga, ndipo simukudziwa njira yoyenera yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, mukhoza kudzivulaza nokha.
Yankho likhoza kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotembenuzidwa - iyi ndi "simulator" yapadera kumbuyo, yomwe ingathandize kusintha mkhalidwe wake. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta: palibe maluso owonjezera ndi aphunzitsi omwe amafunikira, koma mankhwalawa ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- kuchepetsa kukangana kwa minofu kumbuyo;
- kaimidwe bwino;
- kufalikira kwa magazi kumawonjezeka;
- mitsempha imalimbikitsidwa.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi patebulo zimatha kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri zam'mbuyo komanso zimathandizira kupewa mtsogolo.
Akonzi a Healthy Food Near Me apanga mawonedwe amitundu yabwino kwambiri yamatebulo a msana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndemanga za makasitomala, chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi malingaliro a akatswiri adaganiziridwa.
Kusankha Kwa Mkonzi
Mtengo wa HYPERFIT HealthStimul 30MA
Gome losinthika la mtundu waku Europe Hyperfit lapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito olemera mpaka 150 kg. Chitsanzocho chimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kutikita minofu kugwedezeka, makina otenthetsera, makina okonzedwa bwino a akakolo.
Kutembenuka kwa tebulo ndi madigiri a 180. Pali ma angles 5 opendekeka. Kuwongolera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakutali - wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kudzuka kuchokera ku simulator kuti asinthe magawo ake.
Dongosolo lowongolera bwino limathandiza ngakhale oyamba kumene kuti aziyeserera patebulo la inversion popanda vuto lililonse. Zogwirizira thovu zofewa zimalepheretsa kuterera.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Mtundu wa simulator | tebulo inversion |
Zida zamkati | zitsulo |
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito | 198 masentimita |
Kulemera | 32 makilogalamu |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Matebulo Otsogola Opambana 10 Opambana mu 2022 Malinga ndi KP
1. DFC XJ-I-01A
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ichi cha simulator ndikosavuta: mukuyenda kumodzi kosalala, mutha kuchoka pamalo owongoka kupita kumalo opindika kwathunthu. Kuti muchite izi, mumangofunika kusintha dongosololo kuti likhale lalitali ndikutchinjiriza akakolo anu ndi ma cuffs apadera kuti mukhale otetezeka komanso omasuka.
Kumbuyo kuli ndi mpweya wopuma womwe umapereka chitonthozo chachikulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Ululu wammbuyo umachoka chifukwa chakuti katunduyo amachotsedwa, ndipo ma intervertebral discs ali m'malo mwake.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
mtundu wagalimoto | mawotchi |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 136 makilogalamu |
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito | 198 masentimita |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 120h60h140 onani |
Kulemera | 21 makilogalamu |
Mawonekedwe | mapangidwe opindika, kusintha kwa kutalika, kusintha kwa ngodya |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
2. Oxygen Healthy Spine
The inversion tebulo la chizindikiro ichi ndi njira yachibadwa kusunga thanzi la msana ndi kumbuyo. Gome ili ndi mapangidwe opindika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizosavuta kuziyeretsa kwa kanthawi mpaka zitagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo sizidzasokoneza malo.
Mapangidwe omasuka, opangidwira kutalika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera 148 mpaka 198 cm (maudindo 25 mu 2 cm increments). Simulator ili ndi zingwe zapadera zosinthika kumapazi - makalasi adzakhala otetezeka kwathunthu. Kulemera kwakukulu kololedwa ndi 150 kg.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
mtundu wagalimoto | mawotchi |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 150 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 147-198 onani |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 120h60h140 onani |
Kulemera | 22,5 makilogalamu |
Mawonekedwe | mapangidwe opindika, kusintha kutalika, kusintha kwa akakolo |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
3. Kufika Kotsatira
Inversion tebulo ntchito kunyumba. Imalimbana bwino ndi matenda ambiri a msana ndi khomo lachiberekero, chifukwa cha malo olakwika pafupipafupi a msana, kusagwira ntchito.
Choyimira cha simulator chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo champhamvu champhamvu kwambiri ndipo chimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwa 120 kg kuti aphunzitse. Mapangidwe a tebulo adapangidwa mogwirizana ndi madokotala, ndipo chifukwa chake, tebulo limakhala loyenera, limapanga kusinthasintha kwachete popanda jerks ndi kukhazikika kodalirika pamalo opotoka.
Chipangizocho chili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri pagulu lamitengo ya bajeti.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
mtundu wagalimoto | mawotchi |
Chiwerengero cha malo osinthira ngodya | 4 |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 150 makilogalamu |
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito | 198 masentimita |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 108h77h150 onani |
Kulemera | 27 makilogalamu |
Mawonekedwe | kusintha kwa ngodya |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
4. Sport Elite GB13102
Gome limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa zida za ligamentous, kukonza kaimidwe komanso kuphunzitsa minofu yakumbuyo. Chitsanzocho ndi choyenera kwa onse othamanga akatswiri komanso oyamba kumene.
Choyimira cha simulator chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhazikika ndipo chimatha kupirira katundu mpaka 100 kg. Chipangizocho chimalimbana ndi mapindikidwe ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, kotero chimakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Chitsimikizo chothandizira chimakhala ndi ma compensators apulasitiki apansi osafanana. Chifukwa cha izi, chipangizocho chimakhala chokhazikika pamtundu uliwonse wamtunda.
Ngati ndi kotheka, tebulo likhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi msinkhu. Wogwiritsa ntchito payekha amawongolera kuchuluka kwa kasinthasintha wa benchi ndi 20, 40 kapena 60 °. Zingwe zapadera zimatsimikizira kuti miyendo imakhala yotetezeka panthawi yophunzitsidwa. Mapangidwe opindika amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho m'nyumba yokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono. Chophimba cha nayiloni chomwe chimavala pabedi chimatha kuchapa.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
mtundu wagalimoto | mawotchi |
Chiwerengero cha malo osinthira ngodya | 4 |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 120 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 147-198 onani |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 120h60h140 onani |
Kulemera | 17,6 makilogalamu |
Max deflection angle | 60 ° |
Mawonekedwe | mapangidwe opindika, kusintha kutalika, kusintha kwa akakolo, kusintha ngodya |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
5. DFC IT6320A
The inversion tebulo okonzeka ndi omasuka padded kumbuyo ndi lonse 79 masentimita zitsulo chimango, amene amakulolani kuti musadandaule za bata pa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chojambula cha tebulocho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali 40 × 40 mm kukula, 1,2 mm wandiweyani. ndipo imatha kuthandizira kulemera kwakukulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito 130 kg.
Gome limakupatsani mwayi kuti mutembenuzire 180 ° "mutu mpaka pansi". Muthanso kuchepetsa ma angle a swivel ndi ndodo mbali ina ya chimango, pomwe pali malo atatu: 3, 20 kapena 40 °. Mapazi a rabara sakanda pansi.
Wophunzitsa inversion ali ndi mapangidwe opindika, omwe amakulolani kusunga malo mutatha maphunziro kapena panthawi yoyendetsa. Chosinthika kwa osuta kutalika kuchokera 131 mpaka 190 cm.
Kukhazikika kwa miyendo kumachitika ndi zodzigudubuza zinayi zofewa komanso chowongolera chachitali chosavuta, chifukwa chomwe simungathe kugwada ndikumangirira bondo.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
mtundu wagalimoto | mawotchi |
Chiwerengero cha malo osinthira ngodya | 3 |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 130 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 131-198 onani |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 113h79h152 onani |
Kulemera | 22 makilogalamu |
Max deflection angle | 60 ° |
Mawonekedwe | mapangidwe opindika, kusintha kutalika, kusintha ngodya, lamba wapampando |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
6. OPTIFIT Alba NQ-3300
Sitimayi ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba: ndiyophatikizika, ndiyosavuta kuyinyamula kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo - kulemera kwa simulator ndi 25 kg yokha. Gome ili ndi malo atatu osasunthika - mu chitsanzo ichi, kusintha kosalala kwa ngodya ya kupendekera sikukupezeka. Kukonza malo a thupi kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi chopukusira chofewa, chomwe sichidzayika kupanikizika kwa miyendo ndikufinya khungu.
Ndi chipangizo cholimba chomwe chimapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana: miyeso ndi miyeso ya benchi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala kutalika kwanu. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale anthu onenepa kwambiri amatha kugwira ntchito pa simulator - imatha kupirira mpaka 136 kg.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Mtundu | tebulo inversion |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 136 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 155-201 onani |
Kulemera | 25 makilogalamu |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
7. TRACTION SLF
The Traction inversion table ndi makina ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Zidzathandiza kuthetsa ululu kumbuyo ndi msana, kupumula minofu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.
Mapangidwe a chipangizocho ndi otetezeka komanso osavuta, amapindika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzisuntha kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo. Lili ndi zoikamo zosavuta za kukula ndi kusintha kwa maudindo. Upholstery wam'mbuyo umapangidwa ndi zinthu zosavala, zophimba zimakhala ndi zokutira zosasunthika kuti zigwire bwino.
Simulator imakulolani kuti mukonzekere thupi kuti lichite masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera omwe akubwera: mphindi zochepa pa simulator musanayambe makalasi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kupsinjika mwadzidzidzi pamitsempha ndi minofu.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Mtundu | tebulo inversion |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 110 makilogalamu |
Kusankhidwa | kutambasula, kutembenuka |
Kulemera | 24 makilogalamu |
Mawonekedwe | kapangidwe kakang'ono |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
8. FitSpine LX9
Gome la inversion limaphatikizapo zosintha zaposachedwa ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya inversion. Bedi la simulator limayikidwa pa 8-point attachment system, yomwe imalola kusinthasintha ndikupereka kutambasula bwino kwambiri panthawi yachisokonezo.
Dongosolo la loko ya ankle ndiabwino kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi ululu wammbuyo, chogwirizira chachitali chimakupatsani mwayi wotsamira pang'ono mukakhazikika patebulo, ndipo ntchito ya micro-adjustment ndi katatu kumapangitsa kuti kutembenuka kukhala kotetezeka.
Chipangizocho chili ndi chingwe chomwe mungathe kuyika mosavuta kutembenuka kukhala madigiri 20, 40 kapena 60. Chosungiramo botolo la Storage Caddy ndichoyenera kusungira zomwe zili m'matumba anu ndi zinthu zanu monga mabotolo amadzi kapena makiyi, foni kapena magalasi, mwachitsanzo.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Mtundu | dongosolo lokhazikika |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 136 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 142-198 onani |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 205h73h220 onani |
Kulemera | 27 makilogalamu |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
9. HyperFit HealthStimul 25MA
Gome losinthika losinthika lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba. Simulator imathandizira pazaumoyo komanso kusunga kamvekedwe ka thupi lonse.
Zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zabwino, zoyenera pazofunikira zamunthu aliyense. Chipangizocho ndi cham'manja, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha mozama kutalika kwa tebulo komanso momwe amakondera.
Chidachi chimaphatikizapo malangizo atsatanetsatane osonkhanitsira chipangizocho ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake: ngakhale woyambitsayo sadzakhala ndi vuto pophunzira simulator.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Chiwerengero cha malo osinthira ngodya | 4 |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 136 makilogalamu |
Msinkhu Wosuta | 147-198 onani |
Mawonekedwe | mapangidwe opindika, kusintha kwa kutalika, kusintha kwa ngodya |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
10. KULIMBIKITSA SLF 12D
Gome lili ndi chimango amphamvu ndi pazipita wosuta kulemera kwa makilogalamu 150, yabwino mwendo kusintha. Simulatoryo ili ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la mapazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maphunziro azikhala otetezeka.
Mbali ya kupendekera imasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lever yapadera yayitali. Mapangidwe a chipangizocho amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino patebulo la inversion, kuwongolera kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka manja.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Dongosolo | inde |
Zolemba malire wosuta kulemera | 150 makilogalamu |
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito | 198 masentimita |
Miyeso (LxWxH) | 114h72h156 onani |
Kulemera | 27 makilogalamu |
Kupendekeka kocheperako | inde, ndi makina pansi pa dzanja lamanja |
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Momwe mungasankhire tebulo la inversion la msana
Pali mitundu yambiri ya simulator iyi pamsika - pazokonda zilizonse ndi bajeti. Koma pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe ndi zofunika kuziganizira posankha chipangizo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zojambulajambula. Ngati mukusankha simulator yogwiritsira ntchito kunyumba, ganizirani kukula kwa chipinda chomwe mumayikamo. Ngati miyeso ya chipindacho ikuloleza, mutha kusankha choyimira chokhazikika. Koma ngati chipindacho chili chaching'ono, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mupereke zokometsera zomwe zimapangidwira - kotero simungathe kusokoneza malo. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti zomanga zosalekanitsidwa zimatengedwa kukhala zokhazikika.
- Kulemera kwa makina. Cholemera kwambiri, chidzakhala chokhazikika, chifukwa chipangizocho chiyenera kupirira mosavuta kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu.
- Utali wa tebulo. Posankha, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana malire omwe bolodi lapangidwira, komanso ngati chizindikiro ichi chingasinthidwe.
- Mfundo ya ntchito. Kwa nyumba, mapangidwe amakina nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa, koma ngati bajeti yanu ikuloleza, ndiye kuti mutha kulabadira zitsanzo zamagetsi.
- Chiwerengero cha malo osinthika. Kuchulukitsitsa kwaiwo, kumapangitsanso masewera olimbitsa thupi ambiri pa simulator.
Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Pamene chipangizocho chikuyenda, malo a thupi la munthu pa benchi amasintha, pamene akutambasula ma intervertebral discs. Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa minyewa pinched, kusamuka kwa vertebrae ndipo amatha kusanja zomverera zoipa kumbuyo.
The inversion tebulo limaphatikizapo osati kusintha malo a thupi la munthu, komanso kuchita zina zolimbitsa thupi: kupotoza, tilting, pamene osati msana ndime anatambasula, komanso minofu ntchito. Izi amakonda kuthetsa zosiyanasiyana matenda a lumbar ndi khomo lachiberekero msana.
Ndizofunikira kuti maphunziro oyamba achitike moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri - apanga gulu lazochita zolimbitsa thupi ndipo adzakonza zolondola pakukhazikitsa kwawo.
Pamakalasi patebulo lopindika, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kupuma kwanu: simuyenera kuchigwira, yesetsani kupuma movutikira ndikuwonjezera katundu. Kupuma kuyenera kukhala kosalala nthawi zonse, zolimbitsa thupi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, popanda kugwedezeka.
Zinthu zoti muzikumbukira:
- Makalasi mutatha kudya saphatikizidwa!
- Ndizofunikira kuti nthawi ya phunziro loyamba isapitirire mphindi 5. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mukhoza kuwonjezera nthawi yolimbitsa thupi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono.
- Muphunziro loyamba, simuyenera kuyika mbali ya malingaliro kuposa 10 °, apo ayi chizungulire chingayambe.
- Mwa njira imodzi sikuyenera kukhala kubwereza mobwerezabwereza 20 - katundu wochuluka adzapweteka.
- Malo a thupi ayenera kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, mlungu uliwonse kuonjezera mbali ya malingaliro osapitirira 5 °.
- Pamakalasi patebulo losinthira, muyenera kukhala omasuka.
- Kutalika kwa nthawi yolimbitsa thupi sikuyenera kupitirira ola limodzi.
- Ndibwino kuti tigwire ntchito ndi tebulo la inversion zosaposa katatu patsiku, ngakhale izi sizili masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma chilakolako "chongopachika".
Ndi ntchito nthawi zonse ndi tebulo inversion, mukhoza kuchotsa kwathunthu kusapeza msana.
Malinga ndi Alexandra Puriga, tebulo la mphamvu yokoka (inversion) lakonzedwa kuti liwonongeke kwa msana ndi ntchito yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amaphatikizapo minofu yomwe imakhazikika msana.
Kusokonezeka - kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu yokoka pamsana wa msana, kumatheka chifukwa cha malo otembenuzidwa a thupi, zotsutsana zomwezo za katunduyu zimayenera. M'zotsatsa za opanga, tebulo la inversion limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera ululu wammbuyo, ma protrusions ndi hernias, koma izi siziri choncho.
Alexandra Puriga amakumbukira zimenezo Zochita zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri yemwe ali ndi mbiri yachipatala (katswiri wa minyewa, physiotherapist, rehabilitologist, dokotala kapena wophunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi). Ndipo chifukwa chake:
- Ndi kutambasula kwa nthawi yaitali kwa msana, pali chiopsezo chovulazidwa ndi intervertebral discs ndipo mmalo mwa machiritso ndi ma protrusions ndi hernias, wodwalayo adzalandira zotsatira zosiyana.
- Dongosolo la maphunziro limasankhidwa ndi katswiri payekha, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kupendekera kwa tebulo komanso nthawi yolimbitsa thupi.
- Anthu olemera ma kilogalamu 100 ndi akulu kuposa zaka 60 sayenera kuchita nawo patebulo losinthira.
Ndikofunika kuyesa momwe wodwalayo alili panthawi ya maphunziro. Kusintha kulikonse kwamasewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Musanayambe maphunzirowa, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze zonse kuti mupewe chiopsezo cha matenda omwe amapereka zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a msana, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ululu wammbuyo ukhoza kuyambitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a ziwalo za m'chiuno. .
Zotsatira zabwino za masewera olimbitsa thupi pa tebulo lotembenuzidwa zimapindula makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito ya minofu yomwe imakhazikika msana, yomwe imatha kulimbikitsidwa ndikupanga corset yachilengedwe yomwe imathandizira msana wa msana.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zotsatira za kuwonetseredwa sizikhala nthawi yaitali, choncho, ndikofunika kuti muphatikizepo njira zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi physiotherapy (electromyostimulation, massage, kusambira kwachirengedwe) mu pulogalamu yokonzanso.
Chinanso chomwe chimachitika potembenuza thupi mumlengalenga ndikutuluka kwamadzimadzi (lymph outflow, venous outflow). Choncho, matenda a mtima dongosolo (hypertension, aneurysms, arrhythmias, pacemakers, circulatory msana, glaucoma ndi myopia pansi pa chizindikiro "-6", ventral hernias ndi matenda ena ambiri), komanso mimba ndi contraindications. makalasi.
A wapadera chipika cha contraindications ntchito matenda a minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo - kufooka kwa mafupa, kusakhazikika kwa mfundo mu msana, tuberculous spondylitis, sequestered chimbale herniation, zotupa za msana.
Kusanthula zotsutsana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike panthawi yophunzitsidwa patebulo lotembenuzidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiganizire njirayi kwa anthu osati ngati njira yothandizira, koma ngati njira yophunzitsira popanda matenda aakulu komanso aakulu. Njirayi siyingaganizidwe ngati chithandizo chothandizira matenda a msana.