Big Data pa ntchito yogulitsa

Momwe ogulitsa amagwiritsira ntchito deta yayikulu kuti apititse patsogolo umunthu pazinthu zitatu zofunika kwa wogula - assortment, kupereka ndi kutumiza, adanenedwa mu Umbrella IT

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, amalonda ochokera m'mitundu yonse adazindikira kuti deta ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe, ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, chikhoza kukhala chida champhamvu chothandizira. Vuto linali lakuti kuchuluka kwa deta kunakula kwambiri, ndipo njira zopangira ndi kusanthula zambiri zomwe zinalipo panthawiyo sizinali zogwira ntchito mokwanira.

M'zaka za m'ma 2000, teknoloji idakwera kwambiri. Mayankho owopsa apezeka pamsika omwe amatha kukonza zidziwitso zosasinthika, kuthana ndi zolemetsa zambiri, kupanga maulalo omveka bwino ndikumasulira zisokonezo mumtundu wotanthauzira womwe ungamvetsetsedwe ndi munthu.

Masiku ano, deta yaikulu ikuphatikizidwa m'madera asanu ndi anayi a pulogalamu ya Digital Economy ya Russian Federation, yomwe imakhala pamzere wapamwamba pamitengo ndi ndalama zamakampani. Ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zamakina akuluakulu a data amapangidwa ndi makampani ochokera kumagulu azamalonda, azachuma ndi matelefoni.

M'zaka za 10-20, deta yaikulu idzakhala njira yaikulu yopezera ndalama ndipo idzagwira ntchito pagulu lofanana ndi kufunikira kwa makampani opanga magetsi, akatswiri akutero.

Ogula amasiku ano salinso ziwerengero zopanda pake, koma anthu odziwika bwino omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi zosowa zapadera. Amasankha ndipo amasinthira kumtundu wa omwe akupikisana nawo osanong'oneza bondo ngati zopereka zawo zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito deta yaikulu, yomwe imawathandiza kuti azilumikizana ndi makasitomala m'njira yolunjika komanso yolondola, poyang'ana mfundo ya "wogula wapadera - ntchito yapadera."

1. Makonda osiyanasiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo

Nthawi zambiri, kusankha komaliza "kugula kapena kusagula" kumachitika kale m'sitolo pafupi ndi alumali ndi katundu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Nielsen, wogula amangotenga masekondi 15 kufunafuna chinthu choyenera pa alumali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti bizinezi ipereke mitundu ingapo yoyenera ku sitolo inayake ndikuiwonetsa molondola. Kuti ma assortment akwaniritse zomwe akufuna, ndikuwonetsa kuti alimbikitse malonda, ndikofunikira kuphunzira magulu osiyanasiyana a data yayikulu:

• chiwerengero cha anthu m'deralo,
• solvency,
• kugula malingaliro,
• kukhulupirika pulogalamu kugula ndi zina zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa m'gulu linalake ndikuyesa "kusintha" kwa wogula kuchokera ku chinthu china kupita ku china, kumathandizira kumvetsetsa kuti ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chimagulitsidwa bwino, chomwe chimakhala chosafunikira, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kugawanso ndalama moyenera. zipangizo ndi mapulani sitolo malo.

Njira yosiyana pakupanga njira zothetsera mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito deta yaikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo. Ndi data, osati intuition, yomwe ogulitsa tsopano amadalira poyala katundu.

M'ma hypermarkets a X5 Retail Group, masanjidwe azinthu amapangidwa okha, poganizira za zida zogulitsira, zomwe makasitomala amakonda, mbiri yakale yogulitsa zinthu zamagulu ena, ndi zina.

Nthawi yomweyo, kulondola kwa masanjidwewo ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu pa alumali kumayang'aniridwa munthawi yeniyeni: kusanthula kwamavidiyo ndi matekinoloje owonera pakompyuta amasanthula mayendedwe akanema akubwera kuchokera kumakamera ndikuwunikira zochitika molingana ndi magawo omwe atchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito m'sitolo adzalandira chizindikiro chakuti mitsuko ya nandolo zam'chitini ili pamalo olakwika kapena kuti mkaka wofupikitsidwa watha pamashelefu.

2. Kupereka kwamakonda anu

Kupanga makonda kwa ogula ndikofunikira kwambiri: molingana ndi kafukufuku wa Edelman ndi Accenture, 80% ya ogula amatha kugula chinthu ngati wogulitsa apanga zomwe amakonda kapena kupereka kuchotsera; Komanso, 48% ya omwe anafunsidwa musazengereze kupita kwa omwe akupikisana nawo ngati malingaliro azinthu sali olondola ndipo sakukwaniritsa zosowa.

Kuti akwaniritse zoyembekeza za makasitomala, ogulitsa akugwiritsira ntchito mwakhama mayankho a IT ndi zida zowunikira zomwe zimasonkhanitsa, kupanga ndi kusanthula deta ya makasitomala kuti athandize kumvetsetsa ogula ndikubweretsa kuyanjana pamlingo waumwini. Chimodzi mwamawonekedwe odziwika pakati pa ogula - gawo la malingaliro azinthu "mungakhale ndi chidwi" ndi "gulani ndi mankhwalawa" - amapangidwanso potengera kusanthula kwa zomwe zidagulidwa kale ndi zomwe amakonda.

Amazon imapanga malingalirowa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosefera zogwirira ntchito (njira yolangizira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zokonda zodziwika za gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito kulosera zokonda zosadziwika za wogwiritsa ntchito wina). Malinga ndi oyimira makampani, 30% yazogulitsa zonse zimachokera ku Amazon recommender system.

3. Kutumiza mwamakonda anu

Ndikofunikira kuti wogula wamakono alandire katundu wofunidwa mwamsanga, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi kutumiza kwa dongosolo kuchokera ku sitolo ya pa intaneti kapena kufika kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunidwa pamasitolo akuluakulu. Koma kuthamanga kokha sikukwanira: lero zonse zimaperekedwa mwamsanga. Njira ya munthu payekha ndiyofunikanso.

Ambiri ogulitsa ndi zonyamulira zazikulu amakhala ndi magalimoto okhala ndi masensa ambiri ndi ma tag a RFID (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndi kutsata katundu), komwe amalandila zidziwitso zambiri: zomwe zili pakali pano, kukula ndi kulemera kwa katundu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu, nyengo. , ndipo ngakhale khalidwe la oyendetsa.

Kusanthula kwa deta iyi sikungothandiza kupanga njira yotsika mtengo komanso yofulumira kwambiri ya njirayo mu nthawi yeniyeni, komanso kumatsimikizira kuwonekera kwa njira yobweretsera ogula, omwe ali ndi mwayi wofufuza momwe dongosolo lawo likuyendera.

Kutumiza makonda ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa wogula pagawo la "makilomita otsiriza". Wogulitsa malonda omwe amaphatikiza deta ya makasitomala ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito pa siteji yopangira chisankho adzatha kupereka mwamsanga kasitomala kuti atenge katunduyo kuchokera pamutu, kumene kudzakhala kofulumira komanso kotsika mtengo kuti apereke. Kupereka kulandira katundu tsiku lomwelo kapena lotsatira, pamodzi ndi kuchotsera pa kutumiza, kudzalimbikitsa kasitomala kupita ngakhale kumapeto kwa mzindawo.

Amazon, monga mwanthawi zonse, idatsogola mpikisanowu pochita ukadaulo wolosera zam'tsogolo mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula kwamtsogolo. Chofunikira ndichakuti wogulitsa amasonkhanitsa deta:

• za zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito adagula kale,
• za zinthu zomwe zawonjezeredwa pangolo,
• za zinthu zomwe zawonjezeredwa pamndandanda wazofuna,
• za kayendedwe ka cholozera.

Makina ophunzirira makina amasanthula chidziwitsochi ndikulosera zomwe kasitomala angagule kwambiri. Zinthuzo zimatumizidwa kudzera kumayendedwe otsika mtengo kupita kumalo otumizira omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Wogula wamakono ali wokonzeka kulipira njira ya munthu payekha komanso zochitika zapadera kawiri - ndi ndalama ndi chidziwitso. Kupereka mlingo woyenera wa utumiki, poganizira zokonda za makasitomala, ndizotheka kokha mothandizidwa ndi deta yaikulu. Ngakhale atsogoleri amakampani akupanga magawo onse kuti azigwira ntchito ndi ma projekiti omwe ali ndi data yayikulu, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati akubetcha pazosankha zamabokosi. Koma cholinga chodziwika bwino ndikupanga mbiri yolondola ya ogula, kumvetsetsa zowawa za ogula ndikuzindikira zomwe zimakhudza kusankha kogula, kuwunikira mindandanda yogulira ndikupanga ntchito yamunthu yomwe ingalimbikitse kugula zambiri.