Choyamba, tiyeni tinene kuti, ngakhale phunziro lomwe lilipo likupezeka m'mabuku athu Kalozera wamankhwala, kubala sikuli OSATI matenda. Malo oberekera amachokera pa mfundo yakuti kubereka ndizochitika zachilengedwe za thupi ndipo amayi athanzi ali ndi zofunikira zopangira zisankho zomwe zili zoyenera kwa iwo panthawiyi.

Cholinga cha malo obadwirako ndikupereka malo oyenerera aukadaulo omwe ndi anthu komanso payekhapayekha, okhala ndi ogwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse zosowa zakuthupi, zamalingaliro komanso zamaganizo za amayi ndi gulu lawo lamkati. Iwo amayang'ana kwa mkazi ndi banja, pamene zipatala zimayang'ana kwa "wodwala". Izi ndi malo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi zipinda zochepa chabe zokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha nyumba yaumwini, koma zonse zofunikira zothandizira zaumoyo. Nthawi zina amatchedwa nyumba zobadwa autonomous seti kuwasiyanitsa ndi "njira zina" zothandizira amayi oyembekezera (zipinda zoberekera), zokhazikitsidwa m'zipatala zina; mu Chingerezi, timawatcha malo obadwirako ou malo oberekera ana.

Ku United States, nyumba yoyamba kubadwa inakhazikitsidwa mu 1975, ku New York; tsopano alipo oposa zana. Ku Ulaya, gululi linakhazikitsidwa koyamba ku Germany (mu 1987), kenako ku Switzerland, Austria, Great Britain ... Ku France, nyumba zoyesera, zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko ya 1998, zikuyembekezerabe kuwala kobiriwira kuchokera ku boma. .

Panopa ku Quebec kuli nyumba zisanu ndi ziwiri. Amalumikizidwa ku ma CLSC (malo ogwirira ntchito zapagulu) motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo ku Quebec. Onse amapereka ntchito zotsatirazi kwaulere:

• Kutsata kwathunthu kwa umayi

     - Kutsata kwanthawi yayitali kwa ana asanabadwe.

     - Kubereka (thandizo panthawi yonse yobereka).

     -Kutsata mai ndi mwana pambuyo pobereka, kuphatikizapo kupita kunyumba.

• Thandizo la foni ya maola 24.
• Misonkhano yokhazikika yoyembekezera.
• Msonkhano wapachaka woyembekezera
• Chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Documentation center.
• Information madzulo.

Ngakhale, kuyambira m'bandakucha, kubadwa kwa mwana nthawi zonse kumachitika kunyumba, pakati pa amayi, gulu lachipatala m'mayiko a Kumadzulo lakhala likuyang'anira pang'onopang'ono. Ku Quebec, ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe atsopano oyendetsera malamulo ndi maphunziro omwe amayang'anira ntchito zachipatala ndi maphunziro, m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.^e zaka zana, zomwe zikuwonetsa kutha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa azamba. Mu 1847, lamulo lopanga College of Physicians linawapatsa ulamuliro pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa mwana. Pambuyo pake, zachipatala zidzakhala zapadera zachipatala. Kuyambira m'ma 1960, pafupifupi onse amabadwira m'zipatala.

M’zaka za m’ma 1970, ndi zofunidwa zazikulu, akazi anayesetsa kupezanso udindo ndi kulamulira mbali zingapo za moyo wawo, kuphatikizapo kubereka. Ntchito ya asayansi ena aumunthu, monga ngati katswiri wa za kulera wa ku France Frédéric Leboyer (mlembi wa Kwa kubadwa kopanda chiwawa) chathandiza kwambiri kuvomereza njira imeneyi.

Poyang’anizana ndi chitsenderezo cha anthu ndi chifukwa cha kuuma khosi kwa azamba ena kuchita ntchito yawo, boma la Quebec, mu 1990, linavomereza Lamulo lolemekeza mchitidwe wa azamba monga mbali ya ntchito zoyesa. Mu 1999, Nyumba Yamalamulo idavota kuti ivomereze lamulo la 28 lokhudza azamba, lomwe limavomereza malamulo oyendetsera ntchito omwe mamembala ake azitha kugwira ntchito mwapadera ndipo azidzayendetsedwa ndi Malamulo a Ntchito.¹

Kuchokera paufulu wochita uzamba umabweranso ufulu wina, wofunikira malinga ndi magulu ambiri okakamiza, wa amayi ndi mabanja kusankha malo oberekera mwana wawo. Ku Quebec, kuberekera kunyumba limodzi ndi mzamba zaloledwa ndi lamulo kuyambira May 2004.¹⁰

Kufikira kumalo oberekera ndi kwa anthu omwe sakhala ndi zoopsa zilizonse, omwe mimba yawo ikuyenda bwino komanso omwe sakudziwikiratu kuti akufunika thandizo lachipatala panthawi yobereka kapena yobereka (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa amayi). Malinga ndi kaphatikizidwe ka kafukufuku wa ku America, njira yosankhidwa yochitidwa ndi malo oberekera bwino imalola amayi omwe ali ndi mimba yabwino kuti apewe njira zoberekera zomwe zimapangidwira kuti azikhala ndi pakati.². Zikapanda kufunikira, machitidwewa amatha kusokoneza kubereka kosalala ndi mwamtendere.

Kwa kasitomala uyu, kafukufuku waku America wawonetsa kuti malo obadwira amakhala otetezeka ngati zipatala. Kafukufukuyu, wofalitsidwa ndi a New England Journal ya Medecine mu 1989, zidachitika m'malo oberekera 84 pomwe azimayi 11 adabereka³; kuwonjezera apo, kukhutitsidwa kwa makasitomala omwe adafunsidwa adafika 98%.

Mu kafukufuku woyerekeza wotsatira, womwe unachitika pakati pa gululi ndi amayi apakati a 2 omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa omwe adaberekera m'chipatala, ofufuza adawona kuti omwe amaberekera m'chipatala amatha kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala, popanda chilichonse 'Izi zimabweretsa phindu kwa iwo. kapena makanda awo.⁴

Pakafukufuku wake wowunika pa nthawi yokhazikitsa malo oberekera, boma la Quebec linatsimikizira kuti mavuto ena akhoza kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuyang'aniridwa ndi malo oberekera, kuphatikizapo kubadwa msanga komanso kubadwa kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. kulemera. Ananenanso kuti mchitidwe wa azamba ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa, monga kuchepetsa njira zoberekera panthawi yobereka komanso yobereka (kuchepa kwa ultrasound, kupasuka kwa nembanemba, kugwiritsa ntchito oxytocics, cesarean section, forceps, episiotomies ndi misozi ya perineal. ndi 3^e ndipo 4^e digiri, mwa ena)⁵.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, chiŵerengero cha imfa ndi chocheperapo ngakhale m’malo obelekera kuposa m’zipatala, kwa gulu la amayi okhala ndi mimba yabwinobwino.⁶

Kuphatikizika kwa maphunziro asanu ndi limodzi (okhudza pafupifupi azimayi 9) opangidwa mu 000 ndi University of Toronto, komabe, sikunawonetse kuchepetsedwa kulikonse kwaimfa kumalo obadwirako. Ponena za maubwino ena owoneka bwino m'nkhaniyi, wolembayo akuti atha kukhala chifukwa chakuchulukira kwamakasitomala ndi osamalira chifukwa cha zisonyezo za zovuta.⁷

• Chifukwa cha ukalamba wawo, matenda ena monga shuga, kapena mimba zovuta zam'mbuyomu, amayi ena (osakwana 10%) sangavomerezedwe kumalo obadwira. Azamba amaphunzitsidwa kuzindikira kuti ali ndi pakati omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ku Quebec, pakali pano pali malo obadwa asanu ndi limodzi, kuwonjezera pa Povungnituk Maternity. Ntchito zawo zimaphimbidwa ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, monganso zipatala. Amapereka chidziwitso madzulo. Kwa nyumba zaku Europe, mutha kudziwa zambiri pamasamba angapo. Onani pansipa.

Malo amtendere ndi osangalatsa kumene, kuwonjezera pa zipinda zogona, pali holo ya anthu, ofesi yokambirana, zolemba zolemba (kuyamwitsa, zakudya, psychology, katemera, etc.), khitchini ndi malo osewerera ana. Zakudya ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zimakonzedwa ndi ogwira ntchito.

Mzamba ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kuyambira chiyambi cha pakati mpaka mwana atabadwa; mzamba wachiwiri amamuthandiza panthawi yobereka ndipo amapereka misonkhano yotsatila pambuyo pobereka. Misonkhano yonse ya 12 mpaka 15 ya mphindi pafupifupi 45, nthawi zonse ndi anthu omwe amadziwa bwino fayiloyo.

Mwamuna kapena mkazi (kapena munthu wina) akhoza kupezeka pazigawo zonse; anthu oposa mmodzi angakhalepo pakubadwa.

Kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika m'chipinda chomasuka komanso chapamtima chomwe chili ndi zida zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha amayi ndi mwana. Zimaphatikizansopo: bafa lathunthu, bedi lawiri, stereo system, telefoni, etc.

Mayi ali ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa maudindo obereka.

Kuyang'anira momwe ntchito ikuyendera pa nthawi yobereka ikuchitika motsatira mfundo zodziwika bwino muzachipatala komanso motsatira malamulo okhudza kuopsa kwa mimba ndi mwana wakhanda.

Pakakhala zovuta, mzamba amaloledwa kulowererapo; atha kupempha kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena kukonza zoti asamukire kuchipatala mwachangu komanso mosatekeseka. Pankhani yosamutsa, mzamba amatsagana ndi mayi ndi mwana ndipo amakhalabe ndi udindo wosamalira mpaka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mphindi zotsatira kubadwa zimadziwika ndi kuyang'aniridwa mwabata, mwachikondi ndi mwanzeru ndi mzamba yemwe amakhalabe pamalopo kwa maola osachepera atatu mwana wabadwa kuti awone momwe thanzi lake ndi la mayiyo likuyendera, ndikuthandizira kuyamwitsa koyamba. . Pambuyo pake, wolera amapereka chithandizo chofunikira panthawi yonseyi (kuyambira maola asanu ndi limodzi mpaka 24, malingana ndi mlandu).

Ku Quebec, kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bill 28 pazamba za azamba, ndi University of Quebec ku Trois-Rivières (UQTR) yomwe imapereka pulogalamu ya baccalaureate muzamba, maphunziro a zaka zinayi.⁸.

Kuti akhale ndi ufulu wochita, azamba aku Quebec akuyenera kukhala m'gulu la akatswiri, Order of Midwives of Quebec (OSFQ)⁹.

Anamwino onse omwe ali ndi zilolezo zoyeserera adawunikiridwa ndi komiti yovomerezeka mogwirizana ndi Laval University Health Science Assessment Center. Ndiopitilira makumi asanu kuti ayesetse kudera la Quebec.

Brabant Isabelle. Kwa kubadwa kosangalatsa, Éditions Saint-Martin, 1991. Magazini yatsopano yosinthidwa ndi kusinthidwa: 2001.

Buku lodzaza ndi mtima ndi luntha lolembedwa ndi m'modzi wa atsogoleri za gulu lozindikiritsa azamba ku Quebec, okhala ndi zithunzi zokongola zakuda ndi zoyera.

Grégoire Lysane ndi St-Amant Stéphanie (Dir). Pamtima pa kubadwa: maumboni ndi malingaliro pa kubereka, Editions du remue-household, Canada, 2004.

Makolo amanena za kubadwa kwa ana awo mwa kubadwa kwachibadwa m’chipatala, kumalo obadwirako kapena kunyumba. Nkhani zolemera komanso zogwira mtima, zophatikizidwa ndi zambiri zomwe zikuyambitsa mkangano wokhudza chithandizo chamankhwala cha kubereka. a ayenela kwa makolo amtsogolo.

Frederic Leboyer. Kwa kubadwa kopanda chiwawa, The Threshold, 1974.

A classic tingachipeze powerenga kuti amalola makolo kumvetsa kumverera ndi kusintha kwa malo amene wakhanda amakumana pa nthawi ya kubadwa, ndi kukonzekera kubadwa moyenerera. Zowonetsedwa bwino kwambiri.

Vadeboncoeur Hélène. Wina cesarean? Ayi zikomo, Quebec-America, 1989.

Bukuli likukamba za kubadwa kwa ukazi pambuyo pa cesarean section (VBAC). Zimasonyeza kuti amayi onse omwe ali ndi gawo la Kaisareya akhoza kuyesa kubereka mwachibadwa. Yodzazidwa ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo ndi ziwerengero, ilinso ndi maumboni pafupifupi makumi awiri kuchokera kwa amayi kapena maanja omwe adakumana ndi VBAC.

Tsamba la Périnatalité.info (www.perinatalite.info) limapereka gawo lake Kuti mudziwe zambiri buku lambiri komanso losangalatsa la mabuku ndi makanema. Onaninso mndandanda wamaphunziro a laibulale ya PasseportSanté.net.

Malo Obadwira Pa intaneti

Malo abwino kwambiri a American Association of Birthing Centers, makamaka ofotokozera.

www.birthcenters.org

Doulas - Thandizani kubadwa

Malo a gulu loyamba lachi French la doulas. Doula ndi mayi yemwe ntchito yake ndi kuthandiza mayi wina ndi omutsatira pa nthawi yoyembekezera, yobereka komanso yobereka, chifukwa cha zomwe wakumana nazo komanso maphunziro ake. Komabe, iye si mzamba.

www.doulas.info

Nourri-Source Quebec Federation

Zambiri pazakuyamwitsa komanso gulu la "alangizi oyamwitsa" odzipereka.

www.nourri-source.org

Mimosa birth center

Malo abwino kwambiri a nyumba yokhayo kudera la Quebec City. Pali zambiri zambiri komanso maulalo pamenepo.

www.mimosa.qc.ca

Naissance.ws

Tsamba lachidziwitso pazomwe zikuchitika pakubadwa m'maiko olankhula Chifalansa. Muli ndi chikwatu cha mayanjano ambiri.

www.fraternet.org

NPO Midwives

Mgwirizano wa azamba aku France omwe akugwira ntchito yokhazikitsa malo oberekera. Mawu awo amaimira Neurosciences and Psychology at the service of Obstetrics.

www.nposagesfemmes.org

Kwa kubadwa kosangalatsa

Tsamba laposachedwa kwambiri lachi French lomwe lili ndi zambiri, ma adilesi ndi maulalo.

www.chez.com

Gulu la Birth-Renaissance

Bungwe la Quebec ili la chidziwitso, maphunziro, maphunziro ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chisamaliro cha obereketsa lakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Zimabweretsa pamodzi mayanjano ambiri.

www.naissance-renaissance.qc.ca

Quebec network ya akulera

Kuwonetsera kwathunthu komanso kosangalatsa kwa mautumiki operekedwa ndi anthu omwe atsagana nawo: chithandizo chanthawi yayitali, oyembekezera ndi obala, upangiri wamitundumitundu, chithandizo choyamwitsa, kugawana malingaliro, ndi zina zambiri.

www.naissance.ca