Mitsempha yamagazi (chotengera: kuchokera kumunsi kwa Latin vascellum, kuchokera ku classical Latin vasculum, kutanthauza chotengera chaching'ono, magazi: kuchokera ku Latin sanguineus) ndi ziwalo zoyendera magazi.

Kulongosola kwachidule. Mitsempha yamagazi imapanga njira yotsekedwa yomwe magazi amayenda. Dera ili limagawika thupi lalikulu komanso kuyenda pang'ono kwamapapu. Zombo izi zimakhala ndi khoma lokhala ndi zovala zitatu: (1) (2)

• Chovala chamkati, kapena intima, chopangidwa ndi ma cell a endothelium ndikuthira mkatikati mwa zotengera;
• Mkanjo wapakatikati, kapena media, wopanga wapakatikati wopangidwa ndi ulusi waminyewa ndi zotanuka;
• Mbali yakunja, kapena adventitia, yopanga gawo lakunja lopangidwa ndi ulusi wa collagen ndi minyewa yoluka.

Mitsempha yamagazi imagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana (1)

• Mitsempha. Mitsempha imapanga zotengera momwe magazi, okosijeni olemera, amachoka mumtima kukafika kumagulu osiyanasiyana amthupi, kupatula kuyendera kwamapapu ndi kwamitsempha. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitsempha kutengera kapangidwe kake1.

  - Mitsempha yamtundu wotanuka, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu, imakhala ndi khoma lolimba ndipo limapangidwa ndi ulusi wambiri wokutira. Amapezeka makamaka pafupi ndi mtima, monga aorta, kapena mtsempha wama pulmonary.

  - Mitsempha yamtundu wamtundu imakhala ndi zotengera zochepa ndipo khoma lawo limakhala ndi ulusi wosalala wambiri.

  - Ma arterioles amapezeka kumapeto kwa ma arterial network, pakati pamitsempha ndi ma capillaries. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chiwalo ndipo mulibe malaya akunja.

• Mitsempha. Mitsempha ndi zotengera momwe magazi, opanda mpweya wabwino, amasiya zotumphukira kuti zifike pamtima, kupatula kuyendera kwamapapu ndi kwamitsempha. Kuchokera pama capillaries, ma venule, mitsempha yaying'ono, imabwezeretsa magazi omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndipo amalowa m'mitsempha. (1) Omalizawa ali ndi khoma locheperako kuposa mitsempha. Khoma lawo limakhala ndi ulusi wocheperako komanso waminyewa koma lili ndi mkanjo wakunja wokulirapo. Mitsempha imakhala ndi kuthekera kokhala ndi magazi ochulukirapo kuposa mitsempha. Pofuna kuthandizira kubwerera kwa mitsempha, mitsempha ya m'munsi imakhala ndi mavavu. (2)
• Mitsempha. Mitsempha ndi zotengera momwe magazi, opanda mpweya wabwino, amasiya zotumphukira kuti zifike pamtima, kupatula kuyendera kwamapapu ndi kwamitsempha. Kuchokera pama capillaries, ma venule, mitsempha yaying'ono, imabwezeretsa magazi omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndipo amalowa m'mitsempha. (1) Omalizawa ali ndi khoma locheperako kuposa mitsempha. Khoma lawo limakhala ndi ulusi wocheperako komanso waminyewa koma lili ndi mkanjo wakunja wokulirapo. Mitsempha imakhala ndi kuthekera kokhala ndi magazi ochulukirapo kuposa mitsempha. Pofuna kuthandizira kubwerera kwa mitsempha, mitsempha ya m'munsi imakhala ndi mavavu. (2)
• Ma Capillaries. Kupanga netiweki yama nthambi, ma capillaries ndi zotengera zabwino kwambiri, zokulirapo kuyambira 5 mpaka 15 micrometer. Amasintha pakati pa arterioles ndi venules. Amalola kugawa konse magazi ndi mpweya wa oxygen; komanso kuchira kwa carbon dioxide ndi zinyalala zamagetsi. (1)

Chikhalidwe. Mitsempha yamagazi imasungidwa ndi ulusi wachifundo wokoma mtima kuti uwonetse kukula kwake. (1)

Kufalitsa / Kuthetsa. Mitsempha yamagazi imalola kugawa kwa michere komanso kupezanso zonyansa zamagetsi.

Kuyenda kwa magazi. Mitsempha yamagazi imapanga dera lotseka. Magazi omwe ali ndi michere yambiri amachoka mu ventricle wakumanzere wamtima kudzera msempha. Imadutsa minyewa, ma arterioles, ma capillaries, ma venule ndi mitsempha. Mu capillaries, kusinthana kwa zakudya ndi zinyalala kumachitika. Magazi opanda michereyo amafika kumanja kwamtima kudzera mu ma vena cavae awiri asanadzipindulitse ndi michere ndikuyambiranso ulendowu kudzera mthupi. (1) (2)

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuchuluka kwa magazi motsutsana ndi makoma a mitsempha kumatha kubweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amitsempha.3 Komanso, kuthamanga kwambiri kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Thrombosis. Matendawa amafanana ndi mapangidwe a magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi (4).

Chilonda. Ngozi ya mitsempha, kapena sitiroko, imawonetsedwa ndi kutsekeka kwa chotengera chamagazi muubongo, monga kupangika kwa magazi kapena kuphulika kwa chotengera. (4)

Chimfine. Amatchedwanso venous thrombosis, matendawa amafanana ndikupanga magazi, kapena thrombus, m'mitsempha. Kuundana kumeneku kumatha kusunthira ndikusunthira kumalo otsika a vena cava. Matendawa amatha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana monga kusowa kwa venous, kutanthauza kusagwira ntchito kwa netiweki (5).

Matenda amtima. Amaphatikizapo zovuta zambiri monga m'mnyewa wamtima infarction kapena angina pectoris. Matendawa akachitika, mitsempha yamagazi nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndipo imatha kuyambitsa mpweya wokwanira. (6) (7)

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutengera matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa ngati ma anticoagulants, anti-aggregants, kapena anti-ischemic agents.

Kuphulika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamenyedwa, chithandizo ichi chimakhala kuthyola thrombi, kapena kuundana kwamagazi, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. (5)

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi kusintha kwake, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti adziwe ndikuwunika zowawa zomwe wodwala akumva.

Mayeso azachipatala. X-ray, CT, MRI, coronary angiography, CT angiography, kapena arteriography mayeso angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kapena kukulitsa matenda.

• Doppler akupanga. Ultrasound yeniyeniyi imapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.

William Harvey, sing'anga wa ku England wazaka za m'ma 16 ndi 17, amadziwika ndi ntchito yake komanso zomwe adapeza pokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka magazi.