Bronchospasm ndi kupatuka kwa mapapo komwe kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwakanthawi kwa mpweya, komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupuma, kwa nthawi yochepa koma zomwe odwala amakumana nazo.

Kodi bronchospasm ndi chiyani?

Bronchospasm amatanthauza kupindika kwa minofu pakhoma la bronchi, njira yopumira yomwe ili pamtima pa mapapo athu.

Kutsika uku ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira zazikulu za mphumu: matenda ofala kwambiri am'mapapo. Mpweya wa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu nthawi zambiri umakhala wotupa komanso wokutidwa ndi ntchofu, zomwe zimachepetsa mpata woti mpweya uziyenda. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumakhala kosatha ndipo kumachepetsa kupuma kwa odwala mphumu.

Bronchospasm ndi chinthu chokhacho chokha. Zimachitika pamene minofu ya bronchi mgwirizano. 

Poyerekeza, tikhoza kulingalira kuti mapapo athu ali ngati mitengo, yokhala ndi thunthu wamba (kumene mpweya umafika), ndi nthambi zambiri, bronchi. Asthmatics ali ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhazikika mkati, chifukwa cha kutupa ndi kutupa. Ndipo panthawi ya bronchospasm, bronchi imagwirizanitsa chifukwa cha machitidwe a minofu yozungulira iwo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano, bronchi imachepetsanso kupuma komwe kulipo, mofanana ndi pamene mpopi umasinthidwa kuchoka pakuyenda kwake mpaka kutsika kochepa, kapena kudulidwa. 

Akuti pafupifupi 15% ya odwala asthmatics amawona bronchospasms awo pang'ono, chifukwa cha chizolowezi cholepheretsa kupuma kwawo.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji?

The bronchospasm amamva ndi wodwalayo pamene mpweya wake ndi wovuta, ngati kutsekereza. Mpweya wotulukamo ukhoza kuchititsa phokoso laling'ono kapena kutsokomola. 

Zowopsa

Bronchospasm ndi yowopsa, chifukwa imakhudza chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri kuti tipulumuke: kupuma. Kuphulika kwa bronchi m'njira "kutseka" mathirakiti onse opuma, omwe amalepheretsa munthu wovutikayo nthawi yomweyo.

Zowopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi bronchospasm ndizotengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Bronchospasm imatha kuchitika pakanthawi kochepa: masewera, anesthesia, kugona, ndi kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu.

mphumu

Bronchospasm ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro ziwiri za mphumu, pamodzi ndi kutupa kwa mpweya. Chifuwa ndi chizungulire choyipa kwa iwo omwe ali nacho: njira zodutsa mpweya zimachepa, zomwe zimapanga kupanga ntchofu zomwe zimalepheretsanso chipinda cha oxygen.

Matenda a bronchitis (COPD)

Matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri anthu omwe amasuta nthawi zonse, koma amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa, fumbi kapena nyengo yachinyontho. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chifuwa champhamvu, ndipo zimayambitsa kupuma movutikira. 

emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema ndi matenda aakulu a m'mapapo. Ngati zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zofanana ndi za matenda a bronchitis (kuipitsa, fodya), amadziwika ndi kupsa mtima kwa alveoli, matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya m'mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma.

Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis ndi matenda osowa, kuchititsa kuchulukirachulukira kwa bronchi ndikuyambitsa chifuwa champhamvu, komanso nthawi zina bronchospasm.

Bronchospasm ndi chiwopsezo chachiwawa, kotero zovuta zake zidzakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe wodwalayo alili panthawiyi. Zitha kuyambitsa kulephera kupuma kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana mthupi:

• Kukomoka, koma
• Mantha
• Kunjenjemera, kutuluka thukuta
• Hypoxia (kuchepa kwa oxygen)
• Kulephera kwa mtima, kulephera kwa mtima

Choopsa chachikulu chimakhalabe bronchospasm panthawi ya anesthesia, chifukwa thupi limagwidwa ndi mankhwala opha ululu omwe angayambitse kupuma ngati kuphatikizidwa ndi bronchospasm.

Bronchospasms mwachibadwa ndizochitika zokhazokha. Pofuna kupewa zochitika, munthu angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo kupuma.

Unikani mapapo

Choyamba, mphamvu ya kupuma ya wodwalayo iyenera kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za spirometric, zomwe zimayesa kupuma kwa wodwalayo.

Inhalation ndi bronchodilators

Bronchospasm amathandizidwa ndi bronchodilators, omwe amakoka mankhwala. Iwo ngati adzadziphatika ku minofu yozungulira bronchi kuti apumule. Kupanikizika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musapewe chiwawa cha bronchospasms, komanso kuchepetsa maonekedwe a ntchofu mu bronchi.

Ma bronchodilator omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anticholinergics ndi zina zolimbikitsa zolandilira beta2 adrenergic.

Bronchotomy / Tracheotomy

Pazovuta kwambiri, titha kuchiza bronchospasm pafupipafupi pochita tracheotomy (kapena bronchotomy), kutsegula mokakamiza ndi opaleshoni ya bronchus.