Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 140 | Tsamba 1684 | 8.3% | 5.9% | 1203 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 17.3 ga | 76 ga | 22.8% | 16.3% | 439 ga |
| mafuta | 7.9 ga | 56 ga | 14.1% | 10.1% | 709 ga |
| Water | 73.3 ga | 2273 ga | 3.2% | 2.3% | 3101 ga |
| ash | 1.5 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 15 | Makilogalamu 900 | 1.7% | 1.2% | 6000 ga |
| Retinol | 0.015 mg | ~ | |||
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.14 mg | 1.5 mg | 9.3% | 6.6% | 1071 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.15 mg | 1.8 mg | 8.3% | 5.9% | 1200 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.12 mg | 2 mg | 6% | 4.3% | 1667 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 6 | Makilogalamu 400 | 1.5% | 1.1% | 6667 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 1.2 | Makilogalamu 3 | 40% | 28.6% | 250 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 1 mg | 90 mg | 1.1% | 0.8% | 9000 ga |
| Vitamini D, calciferol | Makilogalamu 2.8 | Makilogalamu 10 | 28% | 20% | 357 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 1 mg | 15 mg | 6.7% | 4.8% | 1500 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 5 mg | 20 mg | 25% | 17.9% | 400 ga |
| niacin | 2 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 335 mg | 2500 mg | 13.4% | 9.6% | 746 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 30 mg | 1000 mg | 3% | 2.1% | 3333 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 35 mg | 400 mg | 8.8% | 6.3% | 1143 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 100 mg | 1300 mg | 7.7% | 5.5% | 1300 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 190 mg | 1000 mg | 19% | 13.6% | 526 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 220 mg | 800 mg | 27.5% | 19.6% | 364 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 165 mg | 2300 mg | 7.2% | 5.1% | 1394 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 0.63 mg | 18 mg | 3.5% | 2.5% | 2857 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 50 | Makilogalamu 150 | 33.3% | 23.8% | 300 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 20 | Makilogalamu 10 | 200% | 142.9% | 50 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.05 mg | 2 mg | 2.5% | 1.8% | 4000 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 110 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 11% | 7.9% | 909 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 4 | Makilogalamu 70 | 5.7% | 4.1% | 1750 ga |
| Nickel, ndi | Makilogalamu 6 | ~ | |||
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 430 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 10.8% | 7.7% | 930 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 55 | Makilogalamu 50 | 110% | 78.6% | 91 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.7 mg | 12 mg | 5.8% | 4.1% | 1714 ga |
| sterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | 58 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 0.6 ga | maulendo 18.7 г |
Mphamvu ndi 140 kcal.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- vitamini D amakhala homeostasis kashiamu ndi phosphorous, amachita njira ya mineralization fupa. Kuperewera kwa vitamini D kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa calcium ndi phosphorous m'mafupa, kuwonjezeka kwa demineralization ya mafupa, komwe kumabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
- Chrome amatenga nawo gawo paziweto zamagazi, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya insulin. Kulephera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa shuga.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.