Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 134 | Tsamba 1684 | 8% | 6% | 1257 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 21.7 ga | 76 ga | 28.6% | 21.3% | 350 ga |
| mafuta | 5 ga | 56 ga | 8.9% | 6.6% | 1120 ga |
| Zakudya | 0.6 ga | 219 ga | 0.3% | 0.2% | 36500 ga |
| Water | 71.2 ga | 2273 ga | 3.1% | 2.3% | 3192 ga |
| ash | 1 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 30 | Makilogalamu 900 | 3.3% | 2.5% | 3000 ga |
| Retinol | 0.03 mg | ~ | |||
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.07 mg | 1.5 mg | 4.7% | 3.5% | 2143 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.18 mg | 1.8 mg | 10% | 7.5% | 1000 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 136 mg | 500 mg | 27.2% | 20.3% | 368 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.65 mg | 5 mg | 13% | 9.7% | 769 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.33 mg | 2 mg | 16.5% | 12.3% | 606 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 9.4 | Makilogalamu 400 | 2.4% | 1.8% | 4255 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 0.3 mg | 15 mg | 2% | 1.5% | 5000 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 7.6 mg | 20 mg | 38% | 28.4% | 263 ga |
| niacin | 7.6 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 250 mg | 2500 mg | 10% | 7.5% | 1000 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 15 mg | 1000 mg | 1.5% | 1.1% | 6667 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 22 mg | 400 mg | 5.5% | 4.1% | 1818 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 90 mg | 1300 mg | 6.9% | 5.1% | 1444 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 217 mg | 1000 mg | 21.7% | 16.2% | 461 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 210 mg | 800 mg | 26.3% | 19.6% | 381 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 90 mg | 2300 mg | 3.9% | 2.9% | 2556 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 2.2 mg | 18 mg | 12.2% | 9.1% | 818 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 15 | Makilogalamu 10 | 150% | 111.9% | 67 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.01 mg | 2 mg | 0.5% | 0.4% | 20000 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 90 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 9% | 6.7% | 1111 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 29 | Makilogalamu 70 | 41.4% | 30.9% | 241 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 11 | Makilogalamu 50 | 22% | 16.4% | 455 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 2.45 mg | 12 mg | 20.4% | 15.2% | 490 ga |
Mphamvu ndi 134 kcal.
- obwerawa Ndi gawo la lecithin, limathandizira pakuphatikizira ndi kagayidwe kake ka phospholipids m'chiwindi, ndimagulu am'magulu amethyl aulere, amakhala ngati lipotropic factor.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini B6 amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera chitetezo cha mthupi, zoletsa ndi kusokonekera mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, potembenuza amino acid, kagayidwe ka tryptophan, lipids ndi ma nucleic acid, kumathandizira kupangika kwa ma erythrocyte, kukonza mulingo wabwinobwino ya homocysteine m'magazi. Mavitamini B6 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuphwanya mkhalidwe wa khungu, kukula kwa homocysteinemia, kuchepa magazi.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Chrome amatenga nawo gawo paziweto zamagazi, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya insulin. Kulephera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa shuga.
- nthaka ndi gawo la michere yoposa 300, yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, ma nucleic acid komanso kuwongolera kufotokozera kwamitundu ingapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito osakwanira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa chitetezo m'thupi, chiwindi cha chiwindi, kukanika kugonana, komanso kupunduka kwa fetus. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuthekera kwa mlingo waukulu wa zinc kusokoneza kuyamwa kwamkuwa ndipo potero kumathandizira kukulitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.