Cauterization imaphatikizapo kuwotcha nsalu, pogwiritsa ntchito kondakitala yomwe imatengedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kapena ndi mankhwala. Cholinga chake ndicho kuwononga minofu yodwala kapena kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Etymologically, mawuwa amachokera ku dzina lachilatini kusamala, kutanthauza cauterization, ndipo anapangidwa kuchokera ku Latin verebu Ine cauterize kutanthauza “kuwotcha ndi chitsulo chotentha”.

Kunena zoona, kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti munthu achotse chotupa komanso kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi kapena kubwezeretsanso kuphulika kwa chilonda. Cauterization nthawi zambiri imachitika pakhungu kapena mucous nembanemba. Zipangizo zakale zamagetsi monga galvanocautery kapena thermocautery, ndodo yosungidwa kuti ilole kutentha kwambiri, sizikugwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku ano.

M'mbiri, cauterization yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira Middle Ages. Motero, Albucassis (936-1013), dokotala wachiarabu wochokera ku Spain yemwenso anali katswiri wamkulu wa opaleshoni ya Chisipanishi ndi Chiarabu panthawiyo, anapanga njira zambiri zachipatala. Zina mwazo: hemostasis ndi psinjika ya digito ndi cauterization yachitsulo choyera. Pambuyo pake, mu XVI^e m'ma 1509, dokotala wa opaleshoni Ambroise Paré (1590-XNUMX) adadziwonetsera yekha pankhondo, akubweretsa zatsopano zambiri pochiza zilonda. Motero anatulukira njira yolumikizira minyewa kuti m’malo mwa cauterization ndi chitsulo chofiira. Ndipotu, iye, yemwe anayambitsa zida zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi tate wa opaleshoni yamakono, adagwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ndi kufalitsa njira yatsopano ya cauterization, panthawi yomwe cauterized ndi chitsulo chofiira kapena mafuta otentha, pa. chiopsezo chakupha ovulala.

Cauterization imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati kuli koyenera kuyimitsa kutuluka kwa magazi, makamaka epistaxis (nosebleed), kapena kuchiza khansa. Zimasonyezedwanso, nthawi zina, kulimbikitsa kupuma bwino kudzera m'mphuno.

• Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno: lKutaya magazi m'mphuno, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti epistaxis, kumatha kukhala kocheperako kapena kolemetsa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala matenda ang'onoang'ono mpaka kutaya magazi komwe kungayambitse moyo. Makamaka pakatuluka magazi kwambiri kapena mobwerezabwereza pomwe madokotala nthawi zina amatha kugwiritsa ntchito cauterization. Choncho, opereka chithandizo ndiye amamangira gwero la magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, nthawi zambiri siliva nitrate, kapena kupanga cauterization pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi otentha. Njira yachiwiriyi imatchedwanso electrocautery, ndipo imatanthawuza kuti cauterization ya minyewa imayendetsedwa ndi conductor wotenthedwa ndi magetsi;
• Chithandizo cha khansa: electrocautery, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri kuti iwononge maselo kapena minofu, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa khansa, kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi, kapena kuchotsa mbali zina za chotupa cha khansa. Mwachitsanzo, electrocautery imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mapapo chifukwa imachotsa mbali za chotupa chomwe chili pafupi ndi mtsempha wamagazi;
• Kupuma bwino kudzera m'mphuno: cauterization ya ma turbinates ikufuna kupititsa patsogolo kupuma kudzera m'mphuno. Choncho, mphuno imakhala ndi ma turbinates, omwe ndi mafupa opangidwa ndi minofu yofewa. Pamene mucous nembanemba wa turbinates ndi kutupa kwambiri ndi magazi kudutsa mkati, mucous nembanemba salola mpweya kudutsa bwino: Choncho amalepheretsa wodwalayo kupuma bwino kudzera mphuno. Kulowererapo, komwe kudzakhalanso cauterization pano, kumapangitsa kuti mucous nembanembawa akhale ochepa, ndikupanga kupuma bwino.

Cauterization yochitidwa pochiza epistaxis ndi manja abwino, si opaleshoni kwenikweni. Izi cauterization ikuchitika pansi kukhudzana ochititsa. Izi zimafuna swab ya thonje, yomwe imawaviikidwa mumadzimadzi oletsa kupweteka musanagwire kwa mphindi zingapo m'mphuno ndikuchotsedwa.

Chida chomwe chimapanga cauterization chokhacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masekondi angapo kumalo kuti agwirizane. Cauterization iyi ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala, monga siliva nitrate kapena chromic acid: njira imeneyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya silver nitrate, imalola kuti mitsempha ya magazi iwoneke mkati mwa mphuno ndipo imakonda kuphulika. Cauterization iyi imathanso kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers amagetsi: ndiye electrocoagulation.

Akatswiri onse a ENT (otorhinolaryngology) amatha kupanga mtundu uwu wa cauterization. Izi zitha kuchitika m'chipinda chawo chochezera kapena mu dipatimenti ya ENT muchipatala. The manja angagwiritsidwe ntchito ana, makamaka ngati ali bata: m`mphuno cauterization ndi siliva nitrate pansi opaleshoni m`deralo n`zotheka kuyambira zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Njira yotsekera iyi yomwe imayimiridwa ndi cauterization nthawi zina imakhala yowawa, ngakhale anesthesia yakumaloko.

Mitundu ina ya cauterization imaphatikizapo khansa, ndipo pamenepa kulowererapo kudzafuna kuwononga minofu yachilendo kapena maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito gwero la kutentha, mphamvu yamagetsi kapena mankhwala. Kuonjezera apo, cauterization ya turbinates, mafupa ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mkati mwa mphuno, amachitidwanso: apa, cholinga chidzakhala kulola wodwalayo kupuma bwino.

Kukonzekera njira ya cauterization, ngati mumamwa nthawi zambiri, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti, makamaka, kuyimitsa masiku angapo opaleshoni isanayambe kumwa mankhwala omwe cholinga chake chimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala amadzimadzi, monga mwachitsanzo:

• anticoagulants;
• odana ndi kutupa mankhwala;
• antiplatelet mankhwala.

Zidzakhalanso bwino kuti osuta asiye kusuta fodya asanayambe kapena atatha opaleshoni, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zimachedwetsa machiritso, makamaka pankhani ya cauterization ya cornets.

Cauterization pochiza epistaxis nthawi zambiri imapereka zotsatira zokhutiritsa. Izi zidzachotsa mitsempha ina yomwe imayambitsa magazi.

Cauterization yochiza khansa imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a khansa, kapena minofu yachilendo.

Ponena za cauterization ya ma turbinates, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha pofuna "kuwotcha" mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadutsa mucosa, kumapangitsa kuti magazi azitupa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa mucous nembanemba izi, opaleshoniyo ipangitsa kuti zitheke kumasula malo kuti mpweya udutse. Kupuma kwa wodwalayo kudzakhaladi bwino.

Pali zoopsa zokhudzana ndi cauterization pochiza epistaxis pamene njirazi zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza: pakapita nthawi, kuphulika kwa septum ya m'mphuno kungachitike. Komabe, izi siziyambitsa vuto lililonse, zitha kukhala chifukwa chamagazi ochepa amphuno.

Pankhani ya cauterization ya ma turbinates, zoopsa zake ndizochepa, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchitika matenda pamalo ochitirapo kanthu, komanso nthawi zina zimatha kuyambitsa magazi kapena kudzikundikira kwa magazi pansi pa mucous nembanemba. chifukwa hematoma.

Potsirizira pake, zasonyezedwa mu maphunziro a sayansi kuti njira ya electro-coagulation imayambitsa kutupa kwambiri ndi necrosis kusiyana ndi opaleshoni ya scalpel, mwachitsanzo pa vuto la laparotomy. Ndipo kwenikweni, cauterization ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira opaleshoni.

Lingaliro lomwe linaperekedwa ndi gulu la ofufuza (Peter Soballe ndi gulu lake) ndiloti mabakiteriya ocheperapo amafunikira kupatsira mabala opangidwa ndi electro-cautery kusiyana ndi kupatsira mabala opangidwa ndi scalpel.