Ku China, mankhwala mankhwala zimapanga "chuma cha dziko" ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala, ponse paŵiri poteteza komanso pochiritsa. Kumbukirani kuti pharmacopoeia ndi imodzi mwazochita 5 za Mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China (TCM) kusunga kapena kubwezeretsa thanzi - zina 4 kukhala acupuncture, Chinese dietetics, Tui Na massage ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi (Qi Gong ndi Tai-chi). M'dziko limene anabadwira, a Chinese pharmacopoeia ndiye njira yoyamba yokondedwa; amaonedwa kuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa acupuncture. (Kuti mudziwe mfundo zazikuluzikulu za mchitidwe wonsewo, onani tsamba la Traditional Chinese Medicine.)

Zakhala zaka zoposa 3, ndi Chinese pharmacopoeia lili ndi zinthu masauzande angapo, zomwe pafupifupi 300 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la chidziwitso chomwe chili chodziwika bwino cha pharmacopoeia chimachokera ku a miyambo Zodziwika - ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa dera ndi dera - madokotala aku China adasonkhanitsa deta yambiri pa nthawi. Masiku ano, sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi kafukufuku zikupitirizabe kuzamitsa sayansiyi, pamene akatswiri amakono akupanga mankhwala atsopano, omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda a nthawi yathu. Choncho Chinese pharmacopoeia ndi njira yamoyo.

Zina mwazomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Traditional Chinese Medicine ndizodziwika kwa ife, mwachitsanzo, licorice kapena verbena. Ambiri, komabe, ndi ochepa kapena sadziwika pano ndipo alibe dzina lachifalansa (monga momwe mankhwala ambiri akumadzulo sakudziwika ku China). Chifukwa chake, pharmacopoeia iyi ikupangabe gawo losawerengeka la asayansi aku Western ndipo sitikudziwa. yogwira pophika ambiri a iwo. Kuti muwone mayina a zomera ndi mayina awo Achifalansa, Chingerezi ndi Chilatini, funsani Lexicon ya zomera zamankhwala.

Zindikirani kuti Western pharmacology nthawi zambiri imadalira chinthu chomwe chimathandiza kuthetsa vuto. THE'chikhalidwe herbalism, panthawiyi, zimadalira zotsatira zake congugate za zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zomera. Komanso, mu Chinese herbalism, chizolowezi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zingapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapanga "kukonzekera". Ife motero kupezerapo mwayi synergy zosakaniza zingapo zomwe zili ndi katundu wofanana ndipo izi zimachepetsa zotsatira zomwe zingayambitsidwe ndi kutenga chomera chimodzi mochuluka.

Ngakhale mbewu zina kapena zokonzekera zitha kugulidwa pamalonda ndikudyedwa ngati mankhwala odzipangira okha, nthawi zambiri amakhala yolembedwa ndi acupuncturists kapena akatswiri mu mankhwala achi China. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zitsamba zakumadzulo, mbali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masamba, maluwa, khungwa, mizu ndi mbewu.

Malinga ndi Mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China, mphamvu zochiritsira za chomera zimatengera mawonekedwe ake onse:

• mtundu wake;
• chikhalidwe chake: kutentha, kuzizira, kusalowerera ndale;
• kukoma kwake: wowawasa, owawa, okoma, zokometsera, mchere;
• kasinthidwe kake: mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, chinyezi;
• katundu wake: kumwazikana, kuphatikiza, kuyeretsa ndi kamvekedwe.

Ponena za katundu, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha mtundu wa nyamakazi womwe umakula kwambirichinyezi kapena mvula: kuchokera ku China, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha Chinyezi ndi Cold mu meridians. Kapena chomera Hai Tong Pi, yomwe imamera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ili ndi, malinga ndi malingaliro a ku China (ndi zochitika za zaka zambiri), katundu wa kufalitsa chinyezi ndi kuzizira. Tiyeneranso kutchula kuti katundu wa toning ndizofunikira kwambiri panjira imeneyi ndipo zimakhala ngati maziko a chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala. Apa, "toning" amatanthauza kukulitsa luso, kusinthika ndi kukana kwa chamoyo ku zinthu zoyipa.

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira, zitsamba amasankhidwa mwachindunji malinga ndi palibe aliyense chithandizo. Mankhwala "olondola" ndi oyenera kwa munthu wotere, monga momwe kiyi yolondola imatsegula zotsekera izi. Kuti apereke mbewu kapena kukonzekera, dokotala sayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro, komanso mphamvu za wodwala wake - zomwe zimatchedwa " mtunda ".

Popeza ku West nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito Chinese pharmacopoeia Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chanthawi zonse, sing'anga kapena herbalist ku TCM ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwamphamvu ndikudziwa kuyanjana pakati pa zomera ndi mankhwala, pamene pali.

Pali zinthu 2 zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pankhaniyichitetezo mankhwala azitsamba: kuyenera kwa mankhwala ndi Zosiyana zomera monga choncho. Kupatulapo pang'ono (kuphatikiza zinthu zina zamatenda ang'onoang'ono komanso wamba), zitsamba zaku China ndi zokonzekera sizimawonetsedwakudzipangira mankhwala kapena zolemba zamateur. Ayenera kuperekedwa ndikuperekedwa ndi dokotala wamankhwala aku China, acupuncturist, kapena herbalist woyenerera.

Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti palibe mankhwala othandiza omwe ali otetezeka kwathunthu. The Mankhwala azitsamba achi China, monga zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito, zingayambitse Zotsatira zoyipa. Mwamwayi, mwambo wautali kwambiri wa Kum'mawa umapangitsa kuti zotsatirazi zidziwike molondola. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zadongosolo m'mimba (kutupa, kusafuna kudya, nseru). Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe aku China amayamba amakonda zomera zopanda poizoni zomwe zimathandizira kudzichiritsa zokha pomwe zimasunga zomera zokhala ndi poizoni pamilandu yayikulu. Malinga ndi dokotala wazachipatala waku China Philippe Sionneau, m'modzi mwa ofufuza komanso aphunzitsi olemekezeka aku Western ku TCM, "chiwopsezo chokhala ndi pharmacopoeia yaku China chimakhala pakupanga zinthu zosayenera kwa wodwala m'malo mwazomera zomwe". Ananenanso kuti mankhwala azitsamba aku China ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso othandiza kwambiri otetezeka kwambiri ngati mukuchidziwa bwino ndikuchichita zogwira ntchito¹.

Ponena za ubwino wa zitsamba zochokera kunja, malamulo aku China olima mbewu zotumizidwa kunja akhwimitsidwa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ambiri ochokera kunja tsopano akutsata miyezo yawo. Ndipo akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito amadziwa, kumene angapeze, kutanthauza kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe amalemekeza miyezo ndi omwe angatsimikizire kuti mankhwala awo sali oipitsidwa kapena kuipitsidwa.

Ponena za mankhwala okonzekera mankhwala (mapiritsi, ma ampoules, etc.), Komano, chachikulu kuchenjera chofunika. Poyesedwa ndi United States Food and Drug Administration, zina mwazinthuzi zinali ndi zinthu zomwe sizinalembedwe pamndandanda wazinthu. Izi zayambitsa kale ngozi zoopsa za thanzi. Ndikwabwino kupeza mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri odziwika kapena funsani gawo lathu la Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Nthawi zambiri, zitsamba zaku China ayenera kutengedwera mkati Chotsitsa, zomwe zimafuna nthawi yokonzekera zomwe nthawi zina zimapangitsa odwala… kukhala osaleza mtima. Kuonjezera apo, "tiyi wa zitsamba" kapena "supu" nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoipa kwambiri kulawa, ndipo ngakhale zowawa kwambiri kumwa (makamaka chifukwa cha zitsamba zolimba kwambiri), kuti anthu ena amasiya. Mphuno ndi m'kamwa zakumadzulo zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri ku thanzi lawo ...

Cholinga chachikulu cha Traditional Chinese Medicine ndi zake pharmacopoeia ndi kusintha.. Ndi za kusunga thupi lathanzi - zomwe m'mawu athu zikutanthauza kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zomera zambiri ndi zokonzekera zili ndi kuthekera kotereku ndipo, motero, ndi gawo la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro ochiritsa, Traditional Chinese Medicine ndi njira yochiritsira yokwanira, ndipo zitsamba amakhulupirira kuti zimathetsa vuto lililonse. Kumadzulo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndikoletsedwa, popeza mankhwala a allopathic amakhazikitsidwa bwino m'magulu onse azaumoyo. Choncho, zikuwoneka kuti matenda omwe anthu akumadzulo nthawi zambiri amafunsana ndi dokotala wa TCM ndi omwe samayankha bwino pamankhwala ochiritsira: kupweteka kosalekeza, chifuwa chachikulu, mavuto otha msinkhu, nyamakazi, zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo, kutopa ndi mavuto a m'mimba.

Kuti mudziwe mankhwala akuluakulu aku China omwe amaperekedwa ndi asing'anga aku Western pamatenda ambiri, mutha kuwona gawo la Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Kukonzekera kwapaintaneti kumaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane: kagwiritsidwe, mlingo, kafukufuku, kapangidwe kake, zizindikiro, ndi zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, buku lachidziwitso la ku America lolembera madokotala, the Kufotokozera Kwathunthu kwa Clinician ku Complementary & Alternative Medicine², adasankha kugawa m'magulu atatu mavuto azaumoyo omwe mankhwala achi China angatchulidwe. Nawa:

• Chithandizo choyenera cha: ziwengo, chisamaliro cha postpartum, premenstrual syndrome, mavuto opsinjika.
• Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zochizira: kuledzera, amenorrhea, matenda a miyendo yosakhazikika, nyamakazi, mphumu, kupweteka kwa msana, benign prostatic hyperplasia, matenda amkodzo, bronchitis, candidiasis, chibayo, mimba, khansa ya prostate, zovuta kupuma, nyamakazi, sinusitis, kugona. mavuto, kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba, tinnitus, zilonda zam'mimba, uterine fibroid, matenda a ukazi, matenda a virus ndi mabakiteriya.
• Thandizo lothandizira: Edzi, khansa, ng'ala, zilonda zam'mimba (pinworm), matenda opatsirana pogonana, kupuma movutikira, chindoko, kusokonezeka kwa maso.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kunena kuti Chinese pharmacopoeia imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Japan, komwe imadziwika ndi dzina la Kampo (kapena Kampo). Zokonzekera zingapo zaku China zimalimbikitsidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi Health Program ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Japan. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizovuta zotsatirazi: nyamakazi, matenda a impso, chiwindi, shuga, PMS, dysmenorrhea, ndi vuto la kusintha kwa thupi.

Kafukufuku yemwe mbewu kapena kukonzekera kwayesedwa pa anthu omwe akudwala a matenda enieni, popanda kuganizira za matenda a Traditional Chinese Medicine (ndiko kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi ” mtunda Makamaka), apereka zotsatira zosakanikirana, ngati sizokhumudwitsa. Ndi posachedwa pomwe tayamba kuphunzira ku China pharmacopoeia mozama.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2000, gulu la Cochrane lafalitsa pafupifupi ndemanga XNUMX mwadongosolo Chinese pharmacopoeia amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana³. Kafukufuku wodziwika makamaka ndi zotsatira zamayunivesite Chitchaina, Chijapani ndi America (makampani opanga mankhwala alibe chidwi ndi zomera chifukwa sangathe kuzipatsa chilolezo). Zotsatira za omwe adalemba ndemangazi zikuwonetsa kuti pharmacopoeia yaku China ingathandize kuchiza matenda ambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mayesero ambiri anachitidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu ndipo amapereka mavuto a njira. Chifukwa chake sangathe kutsimikizira mokwanira mphamvu ya pharmacopoeia yaku China.

Kumbukirani kuti World Health Organisation imalimbikitsa ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mankhwala zambiri ndi zitsamba zaku China makamaka, momwe amawonera "gwero lamankhwala zothandiza et Zotsika mtengo »⁴.

Timapeza Chinese kukonzekera (ma ampoules, tinctures, granules kapena mapiritsi) m'masitolo achi China komanso m'ma pharmacies ena. Nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa kunja, zinthuzi zimalembedwa m'Chitchaina chokha. Ubwino wa zigawo zawo sizotsimikizika (kuchenjera). Koma ena a iwo akhala akudziwika kale ndi ogula a Kumadzulo, makamaka pochiza chimfine; nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Pogula chinthu, chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri pakali pano ndi chiphaso cha Zochita zabwino zopanga (BPF / GMP) kuchokera ku Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. Mulingo uwu umawerengedwa kuti ndiwokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakuwunika njira zopangira zinthu za Chinese pharmacopoeia. Gawo lathu la China Pharmacopoeia limatchula zinthu pafupifupi makumi asanu zomwe zimakwaniritsa izi.

Chinatowns onse ali ndi masitolo odziwika bwino Chinese pharmacopoeia. Komabe, kalaliki sayenera kudaliridwa kuti apereke chithandizo. Tiyeni tibwereze kuti Traditional Chinese Medicine ndi yovuta komanso kuti anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino okha, monga acupuncturists kapena Madokotala aku China, amatha kuzindikira ndi kupereka mankhwala azitsamba. Ophunzitsidwa muzochita za 5 za TCM, madokotala akadali osowa Kumadzulo, koma acupuncturists amapezeka m'mizinda yambiri. Ambiri amagula zomera zomwe amadzilembera okha.

Pokhapokha ngati mutaphunzira maphunziro a Chinese herbalist, palibe maphunziro athunthu ku West operekedwa ku nthambi iyi ya Traditional Chinese Medicine. Komabe, masukulu ena amaphatikizapo pharmacopoeia mu maphunziro awo onse a TCM kapena amapereka maphunziro apadera. Izi zili choncho makamaka pa yunivesite ya Katolika ya ku Louvain ku Belgium.⁵ ndi ku yunivesite ya Montpellier 1 ku France⁶. Ntchito zoyambira za Chinese pharmacopoeia nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala mbali ya maphunziro a acupuncture.