Chokoleti imakhala ndi chitin, mapuloteni a mphemvu. Inde, palibe amene amawonjezera pamenepo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyemba za kakao, zomwe chokoleti chimapangidwa, mphemvu zam'madera otentha nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika. Nyemba za koko zikakololedwa, mbewu zina zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo. Ngakhale molingana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuwunika kwabwino kumapangidwa ndi nyemba za cocoa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maswiti, mtengo wa chokoleti umatsimikiziridwanso kutengera kuchuluka kwa chitin chomwe chili. Kutsika kwa chiwerengerocho, ndipamwamba mlingo ndi apamwamba a bar okoma. Nthawi zina mphemvu zimafika 5%. Ndiye kuti, ngati munadya 100 magalamu a chokoleti, ganizirani kuti mwadya 5 magalamu a mphemvu.
Sizinganenedwe kuti ichi ndi chinsinsi kumbuyo kwa maloko asanu ndi awiri. M’malo mwake, zalembedwa zambiri ponena za izo. Madokotala, ndithudi, amadziwanso. Koma, zowona, palibe wopanga yemwe angasonyeze mu kapangidwe kake, pamodzi ndi cocoa misa ndi vanila, chosakaniza chachilendo ngati chitin! Mulimonsemo, musawope ndikusiya kwathunthu maswiti omwe mumakonda. Si zachilendo kuti zinthu zina zikhale ndi zonyansa. Ndikwabwino kusankha mitundu yapamwamba ya chokoleti ngati kuli kotheka (kuyambira 65 mpaka 75%).
Chokoleti chakuda cha Elite ndi okwera mtengo, koma khalidwe lake ndilokwera kwambiri. Nyemba za koko zimatsukidwa mosamala ndipo chitin chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chochepa. ” Kabuku ka Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States yotchedwa "Food Defects Action Levels" ya chokoleti imatchula malire a zowononga zachilengedwe mu chokoleti monga "tizilombo, makoswe ndi zowonongeka zina zachilengedwe" zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi FDA. A FDA amalola kuti tizilombo totsalira kapena tsitsi la makoswe mu chokoleti. Mbale yosavuta ya chokoleti imalemera pafupifupi 20 magalamu. Piritsi lililonse lotere limatha kukhala ndi tsitsi limodzi ndi ubweya wa makoswe ndi zidutswa 16 za tizilombo.
Mlingo wa kuipitsidwa kwa ufa wa chokoleti sungathe kupitirira 75 tizilombo totsalira pa supuni zitatu za ufa. Odwala ambiri omwe amaganiza kuti amadana ndi chokoleti amakhala osagwirizana ndi zidutswa za nyama zomwe zimapezeka mu chokoleti. 4% ya nyemba za koko imatha kutenga tizilombo. Zomwe zili mu zinyalala za nyama - mwachitsanzo zinyalala za makoswe zowonekera m'maso - zololedwa ngati sizikupitilira mamiligalamu 20 pa kilogalamu yamankhwala! Omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri pamutuwu angayang'ane ndi FDA Guidelines and Compliance Branch, Bureau of Foods [HFF-312]200 C.St.SW,Washington,DC 20204). Chifukwa chake izi si nthano, koma nthawi zina ndimadyabe chidutswa, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti ichi ndi chinthu chodetsedwa. Monga izi 🙂
Ndipo ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa, koma kodi tizilombo timakwawa pambewu zomwe zasungidwa? Simungathe kudzipulumutsa nokha ku chirichonse. Cocoa Powder Kuipitsidwa Koka ufa wopangidwa kuchokera ku nyemba za koko ukhoza kuipitsidwa ndi tizidutswa ta tizilombo, mycotoxins (chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhungu) ndi zotsalira za mankhwala. Pali zitsanzo pamene, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa cocoa ufa, wowuma, ufa wa carob, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cocoa, komanso ngakhale iron oxide idapezeka mmenemo. Ngoziyi imagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi kugula ufa wa cocoa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osatsimikiziridwa. Mpaka lero, sindingathe kukhala popanda chokoleti, koma ndikudya chokoleti china chokoma kwambiri cha mkaka, ndinauzidwa nkhani ya nyemba za koko ...
Mwachidule, mfundo yake ndi yakuti nyemba za kokozi zimaphwanyidwa pamodzi ndi AKUKHUMBA ndi CHIkumbu, kukula kwake komwe kumangowoneka m'maloto owopsa kwambiri, sikutheka kulekanitsa nyama ndi nyemba (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa izi; akuwoneka kuti akukhala mu nyemba izi). UUUU ufa umatumizidwa kumayiko osiyanasiyana kenako chokoleti chenicheni cha ku Russia, chokoleti chokoma cha Alpine, amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Swiss etc. Kuchokera ku lingaliro limodzi. kuti ndimadya MADAGASCAR ROCKCOAT MU CHOCOLATE zimandidetsa nkhawa.
Chinthu chimodzi chimakondweretsa, sizowopsa komanso sizowopsa. Mphepetezi m'mayiko ambiri (Africa, Asia) zimatengedwa ngati chakudya chokoma kapena chakudya chokhazikika ... Zowona za chokoleti Izi sizidzalembedwa pa malemba, koma: 1. Ndi mankhwala 2. Muli mphemvu zotentha Chokoleti chili ndi theobromine, amene ali poizoni wamphamvu kwa nyama zambiri. Choncho amphaka ndi agalu, pafupifupi akupha mlingo ndi 200 ... 300 mg/kg wa theobromine. Mahatchi ndi zinkhwe nazonso zimakhudzidwa ndi izi.
Poyizoni wamunthu ndi theobromine mukamadya chokoleti sichimachotsedwa chifukwa cha metabolism yofulumira ya theobromine m'thupi la munthu. Komanso, theobromine, pokhala alkaloid wamkulu mu chokoleti, adapatsa dzina lachiwiri "chakudya cha milungu" (theo bromine). Nyemba za koko amabweretsedwa kuchokera kumayiko otentha m'matumba PAMODZI NDI KHWERE LA NTCHITO. Nyemba ndi mphemvu zimaphwanyidwa pamodzi kuti zipange koko! Nyemba za koko zili mumtengo wamtengo wa cocoa, zidutswa 30-50 chilichonse, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a amondi, pafupifupi 2,5 cm. Nyemba imakhala ndi phata lolimba lopangidwa ndi ma cotyledons awiri, mluza (mphukira) ndi chipolopolo cholimba (chigoba cha koko). Nyemba za koko za zipatso zomwe zangotengedwa kumene zilibe kukoma ndi fungo la chokoleti ndi ufa wa cocoa, zimakhala ndi kukoma kowawa komanso mtundu wotumbululuka. Kupititsa patsogolo kakomedwe ndi fungo, amalowetsedwa ndi fermentation ndi kuyanika m'minda.
Zigawo zazikulu za chinthu chouma cha nyemba za koko ndi mafuta, alkaloids - theobromine, caffeine (mochepa), mapuloteni, chakudya, tannins ndi mchere, ma organic acid, mankhwala onunkhira, etc. Kukolola ndi kukonza Zipatso zomwe zimakula mwachindunji kuchokera pamtengo. amadulidwa ndi chikwanje odziwa assemblers. Kukolola kuyenera kuchitidwa popanda kuwononga khungwa la mtengo kupewa matenda. Zipatso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimadulidwa ndi chikwanje m'zigawo zingapo ndikuziyika pamasamba a nthochi kapena kuziyika m'migolo. Thupi lachipatso loyera, lokhala ndi shuga limayamba kufufuma ndikufikira kutentha kwa 50º C. Mbeu zimalepheretsa kumera chifukwa cha mowa womwe umatulutsidwa panthawi yowira, pamene nyemba zimasiya kuwawa kwake.
Pa masiku 10 kupesa, nyemba zimapeza fungo lawo, kukoma ndi mtundu wake. (pure blue) Kuyanika kumachitidwa padzuwa, m'madera ena chifukwa cha nyengo, m'mauvuni. Kuyanika muuvuni wamba, komabe, kumatha kupangitsa kuti nyembazo zikhale zosayenera kupanga chokoleti chifukwa cha kukoma kwa utsi. Vutoli linathetsedwa pokhapokha pakubwera makina amakono a kutentha. Nyemba zikauma, zimataya pafupifupi 50% ya kukula kwake koyambirira ndipo kenako zimayikidwa m'matumba ndikutumizidwa kumayiko omwe amapanga chokoleti ku Europe ndi North America. Chopangidwa kuchokera ku chokoleti, batala wa cocoa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzonunkhira popanga mafuta odzola komanso mu pharmacology. Chifukwa chake, cocoa ndi zinthu zochokera kuzinthu zokayikitsa kwambiri potengera kutsitsimuka kwawo komanso kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo ndi makoswe, makamaka ngati titaganizira zochitika zamayiko otentha! POISON - NDI MAKAPU YANSE
Ndidawona kutsatsa kwake ku Greenland, pansi pa madzi oundana. Ndinaliwona likulengezedwera m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku South America, kumene madzi a Cape Horn amawombana ndi gombe la miyala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu osamukasamuka m’chipululu cha Sinai komanso okhala m’midzi yakutali ku Tibet ndi China. Russia imagwiritsa ntchito malita mamiliyoni ambiri pachaka. Mutha kuziwona zikulengezedwa pazikwangwani ku North America konse kuchokera ku Atlantic mpaka ku Pacific. Kuyenda m'misewu ya mzinda wa ku Ulaya, simungabise kununkhira kwake. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zimafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi?
Poyizoni wotsatsa, khofi wopezeka mu khofi, tiyi ndi zakumwa zambiri za kola. Anthu ambiri amamwa zakumwa za caffeine chifukwa amaganiza kuti zimawatsitsimula, zimawapatsa mphamvu komanso kulimba mtima kuti agwire ntchito. Chakumwa chodziwika kwambiri chokhala ndi caffeine ndi khofi. Kumadzulo, pafupifupi munthu aliyense wazaka zopitilira 12 amamwa khofi. Ku United States kokha kumadyedwa makilogilamu a khofi oposa biliyoni imodzi pachaka. Padziko lonse lapansi, chiwerengerochi chikuyandikira 5 biliyoni. Ma kilogalamu mabiliyoni asanu…apoizoni! Kuonjezera apo, pa malita 25 biliyoni a madzi a soda omwe amamwa chaka chilichonse ku United States, 65 peresenti ali ndi caffeine. Zakumwa za caffeine izi ndizo gwero lalikulu la caffeine kwa achinyamata. Ndipo zonse zidayamba mosalakwitsa ...
Cha m’ma 850 AD, m’busa wina wachiarabu dzina lake Kaldi anaona khalidwe lachilendo la mbuzi zake. Iye anaona kuti mbuzi, kaŵirikaŵiri nyama zodekha, kwenikweni zimapsa mtima. Amalumpha ndi kudumpha ngati wamisala. Zinapezeka kuti wolakwa anali zipatso za chitsamba china. Kaldi analawa yekha zipatsozi. Kotero kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, munthu adakumana ndi zotsatira za khofi - kukweza kwachilendo ndi kumverera kwachisangalalo. Iye anauza abusa anzake za nkhaniyi, ndipo nawonso anauza anthu a m’mudzimo. Pofika m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kumwa khofi kunali kufalikira kumayiko onse achiarabu ndi ku Europe. Okonda khofi sakanatha kudziwa zomwe zili mu nyemba za khofi zomwe zimayambitsa kukweza ndi kupereka mphamvu. Akadasanthula mankhwala a khofi, amapezamo mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Chofunika kwambiri mwa izi ndi caffeine, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa thupi, makamaka pa mitsempha. Caffeine ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera ku banja la xanthine. Ngakhale theophylline (yomwe imapezeka mu tiyi) ndi theobromine (yomwe imapezeka mu chokoleti) ndi xanthines, amasiyana kwambiri ndi caffeine pamapangidwe awo ndi ntchito zamoyo. Mankhwala, mankhwalawa ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri za thupi pa thupi. Komabe, akatswiri a zamankhwala ambiri amavomereza kuti khofi, tiyi, ndi chokoleti zili ndi zinthu zambiri za caffeine.
MMENE CAFFEINE AMAGWIRA NTCHITO Muhammad adaletsa kumwa mowa m'Qur'an. Pambuyo pake, akuluakulu a Chisilamu anagwiritsanso ntchito lamulo loletsa khofi. Sitikudziwa chifukwa chake anachitira zimenezi, chifukwa pa nthawiyo analibe umboni uliwonse wa sayansi woti agwirizane nawo. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, Papa Clement VIII adatenga mbali ina. Iye ananena kuti khofi ndi “chakumwa chachikristu chenicheni.” Pakali pano, fungo lapadera ndi mphamvu ya khofi ndi tiyi yawapangitsa kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ambiri amapeza kafungo ka khofi kukhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa. Koma caffeine sikuti imangolimbikitsa, komanso imawononga. Lili ndi zotsatira zina zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo zomwe zimawononga thanzi. Poyamba, zikuwoneka kuti caffeine imasintha maganizo, imachepetsa kutopa, imachepetsa mutu, kukwiya komanso mantha. Koma zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabodza. Kafeini sathetsa vuto la kutopa.
"Yembekezani kamphindi! mukhoza kutsutsa. – Dzulo usiku, pamene ine ndinali kuyendetsa galimoto, ine pafupifupi ndinagona pa gudumu. Ndinapita ku cafe ndipo ndinamwa makapu angapo a khofi. Zotsatira zake! Pambuyo pake, ndinatha kubwerera kunyumba ndikuyang’ana pulogalamu ya pa TV yausiku!” Pepani mzanga! Khofi sanachotse kutopa kwanu konse. Thupi linakhalabe lotopa ngakhale khofi, inu simunadziwe za izo. Zochita komanso zowoneka bwino zidakulitsidwa kwakanthawi, koma posakhalitsa zidatsika mpaka momwe zinalili pomwe mudatopa. Ngati mutakumana ndi ngozi zosayembekezereka panjira, caffeine ikhoza kukulepheretsani kubwerera kunyumba wamoyo. Mwa kupanga lingaliro labodza la kukhala tcheru, caffeine ikhoza kuyambitsa ngozi. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino zotsatira za caffeine. Kafeini amalimbikitsa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Choyamba, imayendetsa njira zopanikizika powonjezera shuga wamagazi, kugunda kwa mtima, kutulutsa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zimapangitsa impso kupanga mkodzo wambiri, zimapangitsa kupuma mofulumira. Nchiyani chimapangitsa zonsezi kuchitika? Chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kafeini amatipatsa opanda zopatsa mphamvu, palibe zakudya, palibe mavitamini. Zochita zake zimatikumbutsa kukwapula hatchi yoyendetsedwa. Hatchi imatha kuyenda mwachangu ikamamva kuwawa, koma sikuti imachepetsa kutopa. Timakakamiza kavalo kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kumalo osungira. Ndipo sikophweka kubweza nkhokwezi. Ena sangathe kuwonjezeredwa nkomwe. Kafeini amapanga chinyengo kuti ndi "wosewera". Wosewera wabwino amapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe ake awoneke ngati enieni. Caffeine imapanga chinyengo cha moyo wabwino ndi thanzi. Koma monga mu sewero, nsalu yotchinga nthawi zonse imatseka. Ndipo ngati tipitiriza kukhala ndi chinyengo cha mphamvu ndi chisangalalo, tsiku lina tidzapeza kuti chinsalu cha thanzi lathu chatsekedwa. Kutopa kosalekeza, kutopa kwa dongosolo lamanjenje ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, matenda a "hatchi yoyendetsedwa" - uwu ndi mtengo umene timalipira chifukwa cha chinyengo chopangidwa ndi caffeine. Ndikukumbukira mkulu wa sukulu ina yomwe inali pafupi ndi chipatala chimene ndinkagwira ntchito. Ankaoneka kuti anali wodzala ndi mphamvu, koma osati chifukwa cha thanzi lake lachibadwa. Anali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a impso ndi kusowa tulo, zomwe adazibisa. Garvey, limenelo linali dzina la mphunzitsi wamkulu, ankamwa makapu 20 a khofi wakuda tsiku lililonse. Ndinamuuza za zotsatira za moyo umenewu, koma sindinamulimbikitse kuti asamwe khofi. Iye sankasuta komanso kumwa mowa kawirikawiri. Iye ankakonda kundiuza kuti: “Kafi amandipangitsa kuti ndisamayende bwino, dokotala.” Kenako anawonjezera kuti: “Popanda khofi, ndikanakhala ngati mandimu wofinyidwa, ndipo sindikanatha kuchita chilichonse.” Pamapeto pake, ndinatsimikizira Harvey kuti afunikira kusiya khofi kapena adzimenya mpaka kufa. Anatsatira uphungu wanga kwa masiku angapo, koma kusiya kwake kunali koopsa kwambiri kotero kuti posakhalitsa anabwerera ku makapu ake 20 patsiku. Panthawiyo, Garvey anali ndi zaka za m'ma 40. Anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima asanakwanitse zaka 50. Ndinasaina modandaula chikalata cha imfa yake: “Ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction.” Mmodzi akhoza kuwonjezera chifukwa cha imfa: "Kafi".
KAFI WEB
Kafukufuku wochititsa chidwi anachitidwa ndi Dr. Mervyn G. Hardinge pa Public Health Institute ku Loma Linda University. Dr. Hardinge anaphunzira mitundu iwiri ya akangaude, pogwiritsa ntchito anthu ambiri. Anapeza kuti mtundu umodzi wa akangaude umaluka ukonde wokongola wofanana ndi wawukulu waukulu. Anaigwiritsa ntchito poyesera. Mwaluso kwambiri, iye anayeza milingo yaing’ono ya caffeine, imene anaibaya ndi singano yopyapyala kwambiri m’thupi la kangaude. Kangaude aliyense analandira mlingo wofanana ndi makapu awiri a khofi kwa munthu wamkulu. Kenako anaphunzira ukonde woluka ndi akangaudewo. Onse anali opunduka kotheratu. Zinali zazing'ono, zokhala ndi kuwala kochepa, ndipo zinali zonyansa. Mlingo wa caffeine usanaperekedwe, intaneti inali ndi mphete 30 mpaka 35 zokhazikika. Ukonde, wolukidwa ngakhale patatha maola 48 atalandira mlingo umodzi wa caffeine, unali wopunduka ndipo unali ndi mphete 12-13 zokha. Chithunzi chomwechi chidadziwika pambuyo pa maola 72. Maola 96 okha pambuyo jekeseni, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a intaneti anabwerera mwakale. Mankhwala si mankhwala a kutopa. Chithandizo ndi moyo wathanzi, zakudya zoyenera komanso kupuma. KUTHENGA KWA CAFFEINE Choncho, caffeine imanyenga dongosolo lamanjenje. Koma si zokhazo. Zimawonjezera zomwe zili m'mafuta acids m'magazi. Kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta acids, kuphatikizapo kupsinjika maganizo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndizomwe zimafunikira kuti myocardial infarction iwonongeke. Mankhwala tsopano akuyamba kuzindikira zenizeni za ngoziyi. Ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amamwa kwambiri tiyi ndi khofi amatha kutenga matenda onse, osati matenda a mtima okha. M'zachipatala zanga, ndawonapo zochitika zambiri za kusokonezeka kwa mtima chifukwa cha kumwa zakumwa zomwe zili ndi caffeine. Nthawi zambiri zosokonezazi zinkasowa mwamsanga pamene wodwalayo anasiya kumwa khofi. Caffeine imapangitsa kuti m'mimba mutulutse asidi wambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwa mtima. Kumwa khofi wambiri kungayambitse zilonda zam'mimba. Posachedwapa ndidakumana ndi mnzanga ku chipatala cha Mayo yemwe adandiuza kuti amakana kuchiza wodwala zilonda zam'mimba yemwe savomereza kusiya kumwa tiyi ndi khofi. Powonjezera kupanga kwa catecholamines (epinephrine ndi norepinephrine), caffeine imapangitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa omwe amamwa khofi. Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Zotsatira za kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha caffeine kumapangitsa kuti matumbo asamagwire ntchito. Njira za chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe zimachepetsa. Chakudya chimakhala nthawi yayitali m'matumbo ndikudutsa m'matumbo kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira kwa kupanga gasi komanso kusadya bwino, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa khansa ya m'matumbo (onani Mutu 13). Kafeini ndi mdani wowopsa!
CAFFEINISM
Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za kumwa mowa wa caffeine ndikukula kwa chikhalidwe chomwe chimadziwika m'maganizo monga nkhawa neurosis. Chifukwa chosowa dzina labwinoko, timachitcha kuti caffeine. Caffeinism imadziwika ndi chizungulire, nkhawa ndi kusakhazikika, mutu wobwerezabwereza, ndi kusowa tulo. Kutupa kwa nkhope, kunjenjemera kwa manja, thukuta la manja ndi mapazi ndi zizindikiro za caffeine. Madokotala amisala pachipatala cha Walter Reed anaphunzira za mtundu uwu wa neurosis. Iwo anapeza kuti kumuona ngati matenda a maganizo kunali kosathandiza. Koma nthawi zonse, chithandizocho chinabwera mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa caffeine m'zakudya. Caffeinism ndi amodzi mwa matenda omwe madokotala amakumana nawo masiku ano. Nthawi zambiri amazindikiridwa molakwika. M'zochita zanga, ndawonapo chimodzi kapena ziwiri za caffeine tsiku lililonse. Garvey wotchulidwa poyamba anali wa anthu omwe anakana chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri odwala amaganiza kuti amafunikira mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kapena oziziritsa. Ena amapempha ngakhale psychotherapy. Thandizo langa ndilopanda chilungamo. Sikokwanira kuchepetsa zakumwa za caffeine. Ndimauza odwala kuti ayenera kudula caffeine kwathunthu. Khofi ndi zakumwa zonse za caffeine ndizovulaza ku dontho lomaliza. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti n’zosatheka kusiyiratu khofi, tiyi, kapena Coca-Cola. Koma mukakhala ndi chisangalalo chokhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso omasuka ku kukwapulidwa kosalekeza, mudzadabwa chifukwa chake simunachithetse msanga. Mukaphunzira zigawo zina za moyo wathanzi - zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mpweya wabwino, madzi, mudzamvetsetsa kuti simukusowa mankhwala aliwonse, zolimbikitsa zomwe zimati zimathandiza kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mudzamva bwino. Ndipo si chinyengo. Ichi ndi chenicheni, chodabwitsa, chodzaza ndi moyo weniweni! Kodi mungatani? 1. Pewani wonyenga wa caffeine poyimitsa khofi, tiyi, zakumwa za kola, ndi zakumwa zina za khofi. 2. Kuti musiye kukhala kosavuta, imwani madzi abwino kwambiri momwe mungathere, kuchepetsa ntchito yanu yanthawi zonse, koma onjezerani "mlingo" wanu watsiku ndi tsiku wa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira zina zochizira madzi zofotokozedwa m’Mutu 9 zingakuthandizeni. 3. Ngati inu. Ngati mumakonda zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, yesani kumwa tiyi wamankhwala azitsamba kapena khofi m'malo mwa cereal. 4. Ukagone msanga ndi kugona bwino. 5. Yambani kukhala zenizeni, popanda khofi "kuimba muluzu". Kodi caffeine ndi chiyani komanso momwe imakhudzira munthu Muzamankhwala, caffeine amadziwika kuti trimethylxanthine. Njira yake yamakina ndi C8H10N4O2. Mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, caffeine ali mu mawonekedwe a ufa woyera wa crystalline ndi kukoma kowawa kwambiri. Mu mankhwala, caffeine amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati stimulant mtima ndi okodzetsa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambitsa "kuphulika kwa mphamvu" kapena kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amamwa caffeine kuti akhale tcheru komanso kuti asagone. Palinso anthu amene amadziona ngati opanda pake tsiku lonse ngati alibe kapu ya khofi m’mawa. Kafeini ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zimakhudza ubongo kudzera mu njira yofanana ndi amphetamines, cocaine, ndi heroin. Inde, zotsatira za caffeine ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa, kunena, cocaine, koma zimagwira ntchito mofanana, choncho, ngati munthu akuwona kuti sangakhale popanda khofi m'mawa ndipo ayenera kumwa tsiku lililonse, ndiye ali ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. ku caffeine. Kafeini mu Chakudya Kafeini mwachilengedwe amapezeka muzomera zambiri, kuphatikiza nyemba za khofi, masamba a tiyi, ndi nyemba za koko. Zakudya zonse za zomerazi zimakhala ndi caffeine. Pamwamba pa izo, amawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zina zambiri. Pano pali mndandanda waufupi wa magwero a caffeine kwa munthu wamba. • Kapu imodzi ya khofi imakhala ndi mamiligalamu 90 mpaka 200 a caffeine. • Mu kapu imodzi ya tiyi - kuchokera 30 mpaka 70 milligrams. • Mu makola osiyanasiyana (Pepsi, Coca ndi RC) 30 mpaka 45 milligrams pa galasi. Chifukwa chake, opitilira theka la anthu amadya mamiligalamu 1000 a caffeine tsiku lililonse popanda kudziwa. Kafeini ndi Adenosine Ndiye kodi caffeine imagwira ntchito bwanji, chifukwa chiyani imatipangitsa kukhala maso? Ubongo wathu umatulutsa chinthu chotchedwa adenosine, pamene adenosine imamangiriza ku zolandilira zake, imayambitsa kugona mwa kulepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Zimapangitsanso kuti mitsempha ya muubongo ifalikire (kuti muubongo muzikhala mpweya wabwino kwambiri mukagona). Ku cell ya mitsempha, caffeine imawoneka chimodzimodzi ngati adenosine. Chifukwa chake caffeine imatha kumangirira ku cholandirira chomwe chimapangidwira adenosine. Koma sizichepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo. Zikuoneka kuti caffeine watenga malo adenosine, ndipo tsopano adenosine sangathe kulowa mu selo. Chifukwa chake ntchito ya cell ya mitsempha simachedwa, koma, m'malo mwake, imathandizira. Caffeine imapangitsanso kuti mitsempha ya magazi ikhale yolimba chifukwa imalepheretsa adenosine kuti iwatsegule. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ena ammutu amakhala ndi caffeine, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi muubongo. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha caffeine, timawonjezera ntchito zamanjenje muubongo. Pituitary gland (pituitary gland) imawona kuti chinachake chikuchitika kwambiri mu ubongo, imaganiza kuti popeza ntchito yotereyi ikutanthauza kuti izi ndi zadzidzidzi ndipo imatulutsa timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti adrenal glands apange adrenaline. Adrenaline ndi yemweyo "Timenyane kapena tiphedwa" mahomoni omwe amapangitsa thupi kukhala lokonzekera kumenya nkhondo. Mutha kuzindikira kuti adrenaline imachulukirachulukira m'thupi mwa zizindikiro izi: • Kuchulukitsa kwa ana - kuti muwone bwino. • Kupuma mofulumira - kuti mutenge mpweya wochuluka • Kuthamanga kwa mtima wochuluka - kusamutsira mpweya uwu mofulumira ku minofu. • Magazi ku ziwalo monga khungu, m'mimba ndi matumbo (omwe sangatenge nawo mbali pankhondo yomwe amayenera kupulumuka) amayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kutuluka kwa magazi kwakukulu kumapita ku minofu. • Chiwindi chimayamba kuponya shuga wambiri m'magazi kuti awonjezere ntchito ya minofu. • Ndipo potsiriza, minyewa yomwe imakhala yolimba komanso yokonzekera nkhondo. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake titatha kapu yaikulu ya khofi manja athu amazizira ndipo timamva mphamvu. Kafeini ndi Hormone Zachisangalalo Kafeini imapangitsanso kupanga dopamine (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti hormone yachimwemwe). Inde, samachita izi mochuluka monga, mwachitsanzo, amphetamine, koma izi ndizofanana. Zotsatira Zake Monga momwe mukuonera kuchokera ku kufotokozera, thupi lathu likhoza kukonda caffeine m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, makamaka pamene liyenera kukhala logwira ntchito, chifukwa limalepheretsa adenosine kuti likhalebe logwira ntchito, limawonjezera kupanga adrenaline kuti liwonjezere mphamvu, ndikuwongolera milingo ya dopamine kuti tithe. ndinamva bwino. Mavuto a caffeine amayamba pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kenako munthuyo amalowa mu mlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, pamene adrenaline yonse yatha, timatopa komanso tilibe kanthu. Ndiye tikuchita chiyani? Ndiko kulondola, timamwanso kapu ya khofi kuti tiwonjezerenso kuchuluka kwa adrenaline m'magazi. Koma inu nokha mukumvetsa kuti kukhala “tcheru” nthawi zonse sikwabwino kwenikweni, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, kumatipangitsa kukhala odekha komanso okwiya. Koma vuto lalikulu la caffeine ndi kugona. Adenosine ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakugona, makamaka pakugona kwambiri. Zimatenga pafupifupi maola 6 kuti thupi lichotse kafeini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati 3 koloko masana munthu amwa kapu ya khofi, ndiye kuti 9 koloko khofi imakhudzabe dongosolo lamanjenje. Munthu akhoza kugona, koma malotowa adzakhala achiphamaso. Kusagona tulo tofa nato kumawononga msanga kwambiri. Tsiku lotsatira tidzakhala tikuyenda ngati ntchentche zoledzera ndikuzandima uku ndi uku. Ndiye munthuyu atani? Mwachibadwa, amamwa kapu ya khofi wonunkhira atangodzuka pabedi. Ndipo kuzungulira uku kumadzibwereza tsiku ndi tsiku. Khofi wopanda caffeine Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti okonda khofi wopanda caffeine kulibe. Kafukufuku wa University of Florida (University of Florida, USA) anasonyeza kuti tiyi kapena khofi akadali mu decaffeinated khofi, ndipo mu zedi mwachilungamo lalikulu. Izi zidasindikizidwa ndi Journal of Analytical Toxicology. Kupenda khofi 10 wopanda caffeine wogulitsidwa ku United States kunapeza kuti makapu 10 a khofi wa nthawi yomweyo wolembedwa kuti “wopanda caffeine” anali ndi caffeine wochuluka mofanana ndi makapu aŵiri a khofi wamba. Pafupifupi kumwa khofi wa "khofi wopanda caffeine" pompopompo kumakhala pakati pa 8,6 ndi 13,9 mamiligalamu a caffeine. Kofi ya "decaffeinated ground" ndi 12-13,4 milligrams. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kapu ya khofi wamba wamba imakhala ndi 85 milligrams ya caffeine, pamene galasi la Coca-Cola lili ndi mamiligalamu 31. Pansi pamiyezo ya US ndi Western Europe, khofi wopanda caffeine sayenera kukhala ndi ma milligram atatu a caffeine pakutumikira. Ngakhale milingo yaying'ono ya caffeine imakhudza kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi psyche yaumunthu. Ndikwabwino kudya mamiligalamu 300 a caffeine patsiku. Mfundo za Kafeini Anthu ambiri aku America amadya 210 mg ya caffeine tsiku lililonse. Izi ndizofanana ndi makapu 2-3 a khofi, kutengera mphamvu yake. Momwe khofi imapangidwira imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa caffeine yomwe imapangidwa. Kapu ya khofi nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi 65 mg ya caffeine; kapu ya khofi yophikidwa mu strainer wopanga khofi imakhala ndi 80 mg; ndipo kapu ya khofi wotsitsa imakhala ndi 155 mg. Magwero anayi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku America ndi khofi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, tiyi, chokoleti, motere. Anthu ambiri aku America amalandira 75% ya khofi wawo kuchokera ku khofi. Magwero ena akuphatikizapo mankhwala ochepetsa ululu; kuchepetsa chilakolako; mankhwala ozizira; ndi mankhwala ena olembedwa. Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani ndi khofi yemwe amachokera ku khofi panthawi yopanga khofi wopanda caffeine? Zambiri zimagulitsidwa kumakampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi (kola ili kale ndi caffeine wachilengedwe, koma zowonjezera zimawonjezedwa). Kodi mukupeza caffeine wambiri kuposa ana anu? Ngati mumayesa motengera kulemera kwa thupi, ndiye kuti ayi. Kaŵirikaŵiri ana amapeza kafeini wochuluka kuchokera ku chokoleti ndi zakumwa monga momwe makolo awo amapezera ku khofi, tiyi, ndi magwero ena. Khofi - mankhwala ena azaka za zana la XNUMX Coffee - mankhwala ena azaka za zana la XNUMX Palibe kukayika kuti khofi ndi mankhwala amphamvu. Inde, ndiko kulondola, mankhwala. Mwayi, simukungosangalala ndi khofi wanu watsiku ndi tsiku kapena Coke, mumawakonda. Kafeini amachita mwachindunji pa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Zimapangitsa kuti malingaliro amveke bwino komanso amachepetsa kutopa. Zimalimbikitsanso kutulutsidwa kwa shuga wosungidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo izi zikufotokozera kumverera kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha khofi, kola ndi chokoleti (the big caffeine trio). Komabe, zotsatira zake zingakhale zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zokondweretsa izi. Kutulutsidwa kwa shuga m'malo osungirako kumabweretsa katundu wolemera pa dongosolo la endocrine. Omwe amamwa khofi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha kapena amakhala "ovuta". Amayi apakhomo omwe amamwa khofi, pamene adasinthira ku zakumwa zopanda caffeine, adawonetsa mikhalidwe yonse ya kusiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Dr. John Minton, pulofesa wa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ndi khansa ya khansa ku Ohio State University, John Minton, wapeza kuti kumwa mopitirira muyeso kwa methylxanthines (mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu khofi) angayambitse kukula kwa benign kapena matenda a prostate. Madokotala ambiri amakhulupirira kuti caffeine imayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena amtima. Dr Philip Cole adanena mu nyuzipepala yachipatala ya ku UK The Lancet ya mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kumwa khofi ndi zochitika za chikhodzodzo ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Malinga ndi zomwe zafalitsidwa mu British Medical Journal, anthu omwe amamwa makapu 5 a khofi tsiku lililonse amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha 50% cha matenda a mtima kuposa omwe samamwa khofi. The Journal of the American Medical Association inanena za matenda otchedwa caffeinism okhala ndi zizindikiro za kutaya chilakolako cha chakudya ndi kulemera kwa thupi, kupsa mtima, kusowa tulo, kumva kuzizira, ndipo nthawi zina kutentha thupi pang'ono. Asayansi ku yunivesite ya Johns Hopkins awonetsa kuti caffeine imatha kusokoneza kupanga kwa DNA. Bungwe la American Center for Science in the Public Interest limalangiza amayi apakati kuti asamadye mankhwala a caffeine, chifukwa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa caffeine womwe umapezeka m'makapu 4 a khofi wasonyezedwa kuti umayambitsa vuto la kubadwa kwa nyama zoyesera. Mlingo waukulu wa tiyi wa tiyi wa khofi muzoyeserera udayambitsa kukomoka kwa nyama, kenako kufa. Kafeini akhoza kukhala poyizoni kwambiri (mlingo wa pafupifupi 10 g amaonedwa kuti ndi wakupha). Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti lita imodzi ya khofi yoledzera mkati mwa maola atatu imatha kuwononga gawo lalikulu la thiamine (vitamini B1) m'thupi. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa caffeine (mu mg) yomwe ili muzakumwa zina | Mtundu wa chakumwa ndi kuchuluka kwake | Zambiri | | | | | khofi (mu mg) | | | Pepsi-Cola, 330 ml | 43,1 mg | | | Coca-Cola, 330 ml | 64,7 mg | | | Khofi (1 kutumikira): | | | | | Zosungunula | 66,0 mg | | | Ndi strainer | 110,0 mg | | | Adalandiridwa ndi madontho odutsa | 146,0 mg | | | | | madzi otentha kudzera khofi pansi | | | | | | | Matumba a tiyi | | | | | Mpweya wakuda wamphindi 5 | 46,0 mg | | | Mkaka wakuda wamphindi 1 | 28,0 mg | | | Kutaya tiyi | | | | | Mpweya wakuda wamphindi 5 | 40,0 mg | | | Chobiriwira champhindi 5 | 35,0 mg | | | Koko | 13,0 mg | Kodi pali njira zina zochotsera Kafeini? Khofi wopanda caffeine si njira yabwino yothetsera caffeine. Zinapezeka kuti trichlorethylene, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuchotsa caffeine, imawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa khansa mu nyama zoyesera. Opanga asintha kuti agwiritse ntchito methylene chloride yotetezeka, koma imakhalabe ndi chlorine-carbon bond ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa. Kumwa tiyi nthawi zonse si njira yopulumukira, chifukwa mumakhalanso ndi caffeine wambiri. Komabe, ma tiyi azitsamba amatha kukhala olimbikitsa, ndipo malo ogulitsira zakudya zambiri zachilengedwe amakhala ndi zosankha zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kutenganso chimodzimodzi monga caffeine, koma popanda zotsatirapo, kuchokera ku ginseng, makamaka ginseng ya ku Siberia. M'ma pharmacies, tincture wa ginseng, aralia, eleutherococcus Tingafinye ambiri amaimiridwa pa mitengo mwachilungamo wololera. Cola, zakudya zonse komanso wamba, zakhala zotchuka ngati khofi kwa iwo omwe amakonda kusangalala ndi chithandizo cha caffeine.