Le mafuta ndi mafuta thupi zofunika pakugwira ntchito kwa chamoyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma cell membranes ndipo amatumikira, mwa zina, ngati "zopangira" popanga mahomoni ambiri (steroids).

Komabe, cholesterol yochulukirapo imatha kukhala yovulaza chifukwa imakonda kumangika m'thupi mitsempha ya magazi ndi kupanga zotchedwa mbaleatherosclerosis zomwe pamapeto pake zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mtima.

Cholesterol sichisungunuka m'magazi: chifukwa chake imayenera kupitako ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapanga ma lipoproteins.

Cholesterol imatha kulumikizidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya "onyamula" m'magazi:

• wa LDL (Pakuti otsika osalimba lipoproteins): LDL-cholesterol imatengedwa kuti ndi cholesterol "yoyipa". Chifukwa chake ? LDL imanyamula mafuta m'thupi kuchokera kuchiwindi kupita ku thupi lonse. Ngati LDL-cholesterol ilipo mochuluka kwambiri, imalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka chamtima.
• wa HDL (Pakuti mkulu osalimba lipoproteins): Cholesterol cha HDL kaŵirikaŵiri chimatchedwa cholesterol “chabwino”. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ntchito ya HDL ndiyo “kutulutsa” mafuta m’thupi la cholesterol m’mwazi n’kupita nawo kuchiwindi, kumene amakasungidwa. Chifukwa chake amakhala ndi zotsatira zotsitsa cholesterol m'mwazi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa HDL kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha mtima.
• wa Zamgululi (Pakuti ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri): amathandizira makamaka kunyamula mafuta amtundu wina, triglycerides.

Mafuta a cholesterol m'magazi amachokera ku chakudya komanso kuchokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa endogenous synthesis, m'chiwindi.

Kuyeza kwa cholesterol yamagazi (cholesterolemia) zimachitika mwachizolowezi, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 40 (kapena zaka 35 kwa amuna ndi zaka 45 kwa akazi), ndi cholinga chozindikira hypercholesterolemia ndi kupanga" mbiri yamlomo “. Kuwunikaku kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi zaka 5 zilizonse pambuyo pa zaka izi.

Muyeso ukhoza kuwonetsedwanso, mwa zina:

• musanapereke mankhwala olerera
• mwa munthu pamankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol, kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol (zotupa zapakhungu zotchedwa xanthomas).

Kusanthula kwa cholesterol kudzawerengera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse, komanso pazakudya LDL-cholesterol,  HDL-cholesterol ndi chiŵerengero chonse cha cholesterol / HDL, chomwe chimathandizira kuwunika chiwopsezo chamtima. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyeza kwa triglyceride yamagazi kumatengedwa.

Cholesterol imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi mu labotale yowunikira zamankhwala.

Dokotala adzakupatsani malangizo okhudza kusala kudya kapena ayi, kuti musamamwe mowa musanayesedwe komanso kumwa (kapena ayi) mankhwala anu, ngati mukulandira chithandizo.

Kutengera zotsatira zake, adotolo atha kusankha kuti ayambitse kapena ayi. hypolipidemia ”Kapena” mankhwala a hypocholesterol », Pofuna kuchepetsa mlingo wa mafuta m'magazi, ngati ndi okwera kwambiri. Timasiyanitsa:

• hypercholesterolemia yoyera: kuchuluka kwa LDL-cholesterol.
• Hypertriglyceridemia yoyera: kuchuluka kwa triglyceride (≥ 5 mmol / l).
• Kuphatikizika kwa hyperlipidemia: kuchuluka kwa LDL-cholesterol ndi triglyceride.

Balance sheet imawonedwa ngati yabwinobwino ngati:

• LDL-cholesterol pansi pa 1,60 g / l (4,1 mmol / l),
• HDL-cholesterol> 0,40 g/l (1 mmol/l),
• triglycerides pansi pa 1,50 g / l (1,7 mmol / l).

Komabe, malangizo amankhwala amadalira zaka za wodwalayo komanso zovuta zina zamtima. Amasiyananso pang'ono m'mayiko.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo (chakudya ndi / kapena kasamalidwe ka mankhwala) chimayamba pomwe LDL-cholesterol ndi yoposa 1,6 g / l (4,1 mmol / l) koma chiwopsezo chamtima chophatikizika chimakhala chokwera kwambiri (kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga), mbiri yamtima ndi zina zambiri), chithandizo chikhoza kuyambika ngati mulingo wa LDL-cholesterol uposa 1 g / l.