Computed tomography, yomwe imadziwika kuti "scanner", inayamba kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1972. Kuyeza kwa radiological kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito X-rays. Computed tomography imalola kuphunzira za ziwalo za wodwala ndikuzindikira zolakwika zina molondola kwambiri kuposa mayeso ena.

Computed tomography (CT) ndi mayeso a x-ray. Njira yojambula yachipatalayi, yochitidwa ndi radiologist, imatchedwanso scanner (kapena CT-Scan: mu Chingerezi, computed tomography). Zimaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray ndi makina apakompyuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zithunzi zopyapyala za thupi. 

Mpheteyo ili ndi chubu cha x-ray ndi seti ya zowunikira:

• mtengo wa x-ray umazungulira mozungulira wodwalayo;
• Zipangizo za X-ray zimasonkhanitsa mawonekedwe a matabwa omwe adutsa m'thupi la wodwalayo;
• kufufuzidwa ndi kompyuta, chidziwitsochi chidzalola kupanga chithunzi. Ndiwo masamu okonzanso chithunzithunzi cha algorithm chomwe chimapangitsa kuti athe kupeza mawonekedwe a chiwalocho.

Ziwalo zimatha kuphunziridwa payekhapayekha. Computed tomography motero imatheketsa kukonzanso zithunzi za 2D kapena 3D zamapangidwe osiyanasiyana a anatomical. Kukula kocheperako kozindikira zilonda, makamaka, kumapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndi sikani.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyanitsa

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo maonekedwe a minofu, mankhwala a ayodini amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Amayambitsidwa pakamwa, kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. The jakisoni ayenera kusintha kwa wodwala, chiwalo chidwi, matenda nkhani. The Mlingo jekeseni ayenera kuchita zimadalira kulemera kwa wodwalayo. 

Chosiyanitsa ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimachititsa kuti ziwalo zina za thupi ziwonekere. Cholinga chake ndikuwapangitsa kuti awoneke pazithunzi zomwe zatengedwa panthawi yolemba. Makina osiyanitsa a ayodini awa, mwachitsanzo, amapangitsa kuti mkodzo ndi mitsempha yamagazi ikhale yamtambo, zimatengedwa ngati chinthu chotchedwa iomeprol. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuopsa kwa matupi awo sagwirizana, komwe kulipo mosasamala kanthu za njira ya makonzedwe ndi mlingo.

Pafupifupi ma scanner mamiliyoni asanu amapangidwa ku France pachaka, m'zaka zaposachedwa (chiwerengero cha 2015), 70 miliyoni ku United States. Kuyeza kumeneku sikuvomerezeka kwa amayi apakati.

Kujambula kwachipatala ndikofunikira pakuzindikiritsa matenda, kuwunika kuopsa kwa matenda, kapenanso kutsimikizira mphamvu ya chithandizo. Ubwino wosanthula ndi scanner ndikuti umapereka chidziwitso cholondola kwambiri pazomwe zaphunziridwa. Chifukwa chake, computed tomography imawonetsedwa pofufuza zotupa zomwe sizikuwoneka pa ultrasound kapena pa x-ray wamba:

• Brain. Pakufufuza muubongo, zisonyezo za computed tomography masiku ano makamaka zimakhudza odwala omwe adavulala mutu, kapena omwe akuganiziridwa kuti akutaya magazi mkati mwamtima. Pofufuza matenda osapweteka a ubongo, ndi MRI yomwe idzachitike (kufufuza komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi);

• Nthano. Chojambuliracho lero ndi kafukufuku wabwino kwambiri wa radiological pakufufuza kwa thorax;

• Mimba. Computed tomography ndi imodzi mwamayeso abwino kwambiri a x-ray pofufuza pamimba. Makamaka, zimapereka chiyamikiro chabwino cha ziwalo zonse "zodzaza" zamkati mwamimba;

• Zotupa fupa. Chojambulira chimalola kuwunika kwa zotupa za mafupa monga fractures;

• Pathologies mitsempha. Computed tomography ndi mayeso achizolowezi ofufuza pulmonary embolism kapena aortic dissection.

Computed tomography ndi yabwino kwambiri pofufuza pamimba ndi pakhosi chifukwa imapereka zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri. Ndiwotsogola kwambiri pakufufuza fractures, kapena calcium kapena magazi mu minofu. Komano, CT scan sithandiza kwenikweni pofufuza ziwalo zofewa, kupatulapo kufufuza ma calcifications mu chotupa.

• kutuluka magazi;
• zotupa;
• cysts;
• matenda. 

Kuphatikiza apo, sikani imatha kuthandizira kuwunika kwamankhwala ena, makamaka oncology.

mayeso asanalembe

Asanayambe kufufuza, wodwalayo amachotsa zinthu zonse zachitsulo. Kujambula kwa CT kungafunikire jekeseni wa mankhwala osiyanitsa: pamenepa, katswiri wa radiologist amaika mzere wa venous (singano yolumikizidwa ndi catheter) pa khola la chigongono.

Pa nthawi ya mayeso

Wodwalayo wagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu mphete. Mpheteyi ili ndi chubu cha x-ray ndi zida zowunikira. Pakuwunika, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala osasuntha, atagona patebulo. Wodwalayo ali yekha m'chipindamo, angathe, kudzera pa maikolofoni, kulankhulana ndi gulu lachipatala potsatira kufufuza kumbuyo kwa galasi lotsogolera. Nthawi zambiri mayeso ndi mozungulira kotala la ola.

Malo odziwika kwambiri kwa wodwalayo ndikugona chagada mikono pamwamba pamutu. Kufufuza sikupweteka. Nthawi zina mudzasiya kupuma kwa masekondi angapo. Ndikofunikiranso kusunga njira ya venous kwakanthawi, ngati vuto la ziwengo likuwoneka pambuyo pa jekeseni.

Pambuyo pa mayeso

Wodwala akhoza kubwerera kunyumba popanda kutsagana naye, adzalangizidwa kuti amwe mowa kwambiri kuti athetse mwamsanga mankhwala osiyanitsa. Nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kumwa malita awiri a madzi tsiku lonse.

Kudziwa:

• pambuyo jambulani, radiologist akhoza kusanthula zithunzi mwamsanga ndipo mwamsanga kufotokoza zotsatira zoyamba kwa wodwalayo;

• kutanthauzira kwa zithunzi nthawi zina kungafunike nthawi yochulukirapo, kumasulira komaliza kwa zotsatira kumachitidwa mkati mwa maola 24 ogwira ntchito. Zingafunedi ntchito yachiwiri ya IT yowonjezereka kapena yochepa;

• muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, zotsatira zimatha kutenga masiku atatu ogwira ntchito pambuyo poyesa.

Lipotilo lidzatumizidwa kwa dokotala wopereka mankhwala ndi positi, pamodzi ndi zithunzi zosindikizidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chithunzi cha CD-ROM. 

Ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse, izi nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pazithunzizo ngati madontho, ma nodule, kapena opacities. Computed tomography imazindikira zolakwika zazing'ono, zomwe zingakhale zosakwana kapena zofanana ndi mamilimita atatu. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi chizindikiro cha khansa, mwachitsanzo. Kutanthauzira kudzafotokozedwa kwa wodwalayo ndi dokotala, yemwe adzakambirane za matendawa.