Njira zingapo zothandizira odwala Covid-19 zikuphunziridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kafukufuku wazachipatala, odwala amasamaliridwa bwino kuposa momwe mliri wa coronavirus umayambira. 

Clofoctol, molekyulu yopezedwa ndi Institut Pasteur de Lille

Kusintha pa Januware 14, 2021 - Maziko achinsinsi akudikirira chilolezo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu azaumoyo kuti ayambitse kuyesa kwachipatala kwa anthu. Mankhwalawa ndi clofoctol, omwe adalembedwabe mpaka 2005 kuti athetse matenda opuma pang'ono ndikumwedwa ngati suppository.

Pasteur Institute of Lille adapeza "chidwiPa imodzi mwa mamolekyu a 2 omwe ali mutu wa kafukufuku wawo. Gulu lopangidwa ndi asayansi "Task Force»Ali ndi ntchito yokhayo kupeza a mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi Covid-19, kuyambira chiyambi cha mliri. Akuyesa mankhwala angapo omwe adavomerezedwa kale ndikulowererapo kuti athe kuchiza matenda ena. Prof. Benoît Déprez akulengeza kuti molekyulu ndi “othandiza kwambiri"Ndipo zidakhala kuti"makamaka wamphamvu"Motsutsa Sars-Cov-2, ndi"chiyembekezo cha chithandizo chachangu“. Molekyu yomwe ikukhudzidwa yakhala ikuyesedwa motsatizana kuyambira chiyambi cha chilimwe. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti ali kale ndi chilolezo cha malonda, motero amapulumutsa nthawi yochuluka.

Mankhwala omwe Institut Pasteur akugwira ntchito avomerezedwa kale, zomwe zimawasungira nthawi yamtengo wapatali. Molekyu yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi anti-viral, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pochiza matenda ena. Dzina lake linayamba kusungidwa mwachinsinsi kenako linawululidwa, ndilo clofoctol. Akatswiriwo anamaliza ndi pawiri zotsatira pa matenda : mankhwala, omwe atengedwa msanga, zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawoneka, zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Ngati, M'malo mwake, mankhwala akutengedwa mochedwa, izo zimachepetsa chitukuko cha kwambiri mawonekedwe. Ichi ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu, popeza mayeso achipatala asanachitike pa macaque atha kusindikizidwa mu Meyi.

Mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe amayenera kupewedwa pakachitika Covid-19

Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 16, 2020 - Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi zomwe boma la France liziwona, zikuwoneka kuti kumwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa (Ibuprofen, cortisone, etc.) kungayambitse kukulitsa matendawa. Pakalipano, mayesero a zachipatala ndi mapulogalamu angapo a ku France ndi ku Ulaya akuyesera kuwongolera matenda ndi kumvetsetsa kwa matendawa kuti athe kuwongolera kasamalidwe kake. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti musamamwe mankhwala oletsa kutupa popanda upangiri wachipatala kaye.

Palibe mankhwala enieni, koma mankhwala angapo akuwunikidwa. Ku France, katemera anayi ndiololedwa, a Pfizer / BioNtech, Moderna, AstraZeneca ndi Janssen Johnson & Johnson. Kafukufuku wina wokhudza katemera wa anti-Covid akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi.

Pakadali pano, pamitundu yofatsa ya Covid-19, chithandizocho ndizizindikiro:

• Tengani paracetamol chifukwa cha malungo ndi kuwawa kwa thupi,
• Pumulani,
• Imwani kwambiri kuti muwonjezere madzi,
• Tsegulani mphuno ndi physiological saline.

Ndipo ndithudi,

• Kudziletsa komanso kulemekeza njira zaukhondo kuti mupewe kuwononga omwe akuzungulirani,

Kuyesa kwachipatala ku Europe kuphatikiza odwala 3.200 omwe akhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe owopsa akuyamba pakati pa Marichi kuti afananize njira zinayi zochizira: chithandizo cha okosijeni ndi mpweya wabwino wopumira motsutsana ndi remdesivir (mankhwala oletsa ma virus omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka Ebola) motsutsana ndi Kaletra (mankhwala olimbana ndi Ebola). kachilombo). AIDS) motsutsana ndi Kaletra + beta interferon (molekyulu yopangidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi kuti ithane ndi matenda a virus) kuti ilimbikitse zochita zake. Chloroquine (mankhwala olimbana ndi malungo) omwe adatchulidwa nthawi ina sanasungidwe chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuyanjana kwa mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake. Mayesero ena ndi mankhwala ena akuchitikanso kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Kodi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka corona amathandizidwa bwanji?

Monga chikumbutso, Covid-19 ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Sars-Cov-2. Ili ndi zizindikiro zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati kutentha thupi kapena kutentha thupi komanso zizindikiro za kupuma movutikira monga kutsokomola kapena kupuma movutikira. Munthu yemwe ali ndi Covid-19 angakhalenso asymptomatic. Chiwerengero cha imfa chikhoza kukhala 2%. Milandu yayikulu nthawi zambiri imakhudza okalamba komanso / kapena anthu omwe akudwala matenda ena.

Chithandizo ndi symptomatic. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo za zizindikiro, mwachikatikati, muyenera kuyimbira dokotala musanapite ku ofesi yake. Dokotala adzakuuzani zoyenera kuchita (kukhala kunyumba kapena kupita ku ofesi yake) ndipo adzakuwongolerani mankhwala omwe mungamwe kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi komanso / kapena chifuwa. Paracetamol iyenera kumwedwa poyamba kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi. Kumbali inayi, kumwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa (ibuprofen, cortisone) ndikoletsedwa chifukwa amatha kukulitsa matendawa.

Ngati zizindikiro zikuchulukirachulukira ndi kupuma movutikira komanso zizindikiro zakusokonekera, itanani a SAMU Center 15 omwe angasankhe chochita. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri imagonekedwa m'chipatala kuti apindule ndi chithandizo cha kupuma, kuwunika kowonjezereka kapena kuyikidwa m'chipatala cha odwala kwambiri.

Poyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa milandu yayikulu komanso kufalikira kwa kachilomboka padziko lonse lapansi, njira zingapo zochiritsira zikuphunziridwa kuti apeze chithandizo ndi katemera mwachangu.

Mankhwala a Monoclonal Antibody

Pa Marichi 15, 2021, French Medicines Agency, ANSM idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zochizira monoclonal kuchitira Covid-19. Amapangidwira anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chopita kumitundu yayikulu, "chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi cholumikizidwa ndi matenda kapena chithandizo, ukalamba kapena kupezeka kwa comorbidities". Choncho, mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi awa: 

• chithandizo chapawiri casirivimab / imdevimab chopangidwa ndi zasayansi Thanthwe;
• bamlanivimab / etesevimab wapawiri mankhwala opangidwa ndi Laborator ya Lilly France.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa odwala kudzera m'mitsempha m'chipatala komanso popewa, ndiye kuti, mkati mwa masiku 5 nthawi zambiri pambuyo poyambira zizindikiro. 

Zamgululi 

Tocilizumab ndi anti-monoclonal antibody ndipo imakhudza odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wowopsa wa Covid-19. Molekyuyi imapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa kuchulukitsitsa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, kenako imalankhula za "mkuntho wa cytokine". Kuchulukirachulukira kwa chitetezo ku Covid-19 kumayambitsa kupuma movutikira, komwe kumafunikira thandizo.

Tocilizumab nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nyamakazi. Ndi ma lymphocyte a B omwe amapanga antibody iyi. Kafukufuku adachitika ndi AP-HP (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), ku France motero, pa odwala 129. Odwala a Covid-19 awa adadwala matenda am'mapapo kwambiri mpaka ovuta kwambiri. Theka la odwala anapatsidwa mankhwala tocilizumab, kuwonjezera mankhwala ochiritsira. Odwala ena onse adalandira chithandizo chanthawi zonse.  

Mfundo yoyamba ndi yakuti chiwerengero cha odwala omwe amavomerezedwa ku chithandizo chamankhwala chachepa. Kachiwiri, chiwerengero cha imfa chinatsikanso. Zotsatira zake ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri ndipo chiyembekezo cholandira chithandizo cha coronavirus yatsopano ndichowona. Maphunziro akupitirirabe, chifukwa zotsatira zoyamba zikulonjeza. 

Zotsatira zoyambirira za maphunziro ena (American ndi French) zasindikizidwa mu JAMA internal Medicine, koma zimatsutsana. Kafukufuku waku America akuwonetsa kuti ziwopsezo za kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi Covid-19 kwambiri zimachepetsedwa pomwe tocilizumab imaperekedwa mkati mwa maola 48 ataloledwa kuchipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa ku France sanapeze kusiyana kwa imfa, koma akuwonetsa kuti chiwopsezo chokhala osasokoneza kapena mpweya wabwino wamakina ndi chochepa kwa odwala omwe adalandira mankhwalawa.

Kuyesedwa kwachipatala: mankhwala omwe ali kale pamsika

Institut Pasteur yalengeza za kukhazikitsidwa kwapafupipafupi kwa mayeso azachipatala omwe ayesedwa ndi Inserm. Cholinga chake ndi "kuyesa ndi kufananiza mitundu inayi yochizira":

Chilichonse chidzayanjanitsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe siachindunji komanso azizindikiro za matenda a Covid-19.

• mankhwala osakhala achindunji komanso azizindikiro okha.

Ntchitoyi iphatikiza odwala 3200 omwe ali m'chipatala, kuphatikiza 800 ku France. Kuyesa kwachipatala kumeneku kudzakhala patsogolo. Ngati imodzi mwa mamolekyu osankhidwa ilibe mphamvu, idzasiyidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mmodzi wa iwo agwira ntchito pa mmodzi wa odwala, akhoza kuyesedwa kwa odwala onse monga gawo la mayesero.

« Cholinga chake ndikuwunika mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha njira zinayi zoyeserera zomwe zingakhudze Covid-19 potengera zomwe asayansi apeza. »Monga momwe Inserm akunenera.

Kuyesa kwa Discovery kudzachitika ndi njira zisanu zochiritsira, zoyesedwa mwachisawawa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi coronavirus yayikulu:

• chisamaliro choyenera
• chisamaliro chokhazikika kuphatikiza remdesivir,
• chisamaliro chokhazikika kuphatikiza lopinavir ndi ritonavir,
• chisamaliro chokhazikika kuphatikiza lopinavir, ritonavir ndi beta interferon
• chisamaliro chokhazikika kuphatikiza hydroxy-chloroquine.

Kodi remdesivir ndi chiyani? 

Inali labotale yaku America, Sayansi ya Gileadi, yomwe poyamba idayesa remdesivir. Zowonadi, mankhwalawa adayesedwa kuti athandizire odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Ebola. Zotsatira sizinali zotsimikizika. Remdesivir ndi antiviral; ndi chinthu chomwe chimalimbana ndi ma virus. Chikumbutso komabe adapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zolimbana ndi ma coronavirus. Ndicho chifukwa chake asayansi anaganiza zoyesera mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka Sars-Cov-2.

Zochita zake ndi zotani? 

Mankhwala oletsa ma virus amenewa amalepheretsa kuti kachilomboka zisachulukane m'thupi. Le virus Sars-Cov-2 Zingayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi mwa odwala ena, zomwe zimatha kuwononga mapapu. Apa ndipamene remdesivir imatha kubwera, kuti ilamulire "mkuntho wa cytokine". The mankhwala kuchepetsa kutupa anachita choncho m`mapapo kuwonongeka. 

Zotsatira zake ndi zotani? 

Remdesivir yawonetsedwa kuti odwala ali ndi mtundu wowopsa wa Covid-19 adachira msanga kuposa omwe adalandira placebo. Choncho, antiviral ali ndi zochita zolimbana ndi kachilomboka, koma si njira yothetsera vutoli. Ku United States, kasamalidwe ka mankhwalawa amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi.

Mu Seputembala, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti Remdesivir akadapititsa patsogolo kuchiritsa kwa odwala ena m'masiku ochepa. Remdesivir imakhulupiriranso kuti imachepetsa kufa. Anti-viral iyi ndiyothandiza, koma, payokha, sikupanga chithandizo cholimbana ndi Covid-19. Komabe, njirayo ndi yoopsa. 

Mu Okutobala, kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti remdesevir idachepetsa pang'ono nthawi yochira ya odwala Covid-19. Komabe, sizikanasonyeza phindu lililonse pochepetsa imfa. Akuluakulu a Zaumoyo adawona kuti chidwi cha mankhwalawa chinali "otsika".

Mayeso a Hycovid motsutsana ndi coronavirus yatsopano

Chiyeso chatsopano chachipatala, chotchedwa ” Hycovid Zidzachitika kwa odwala 1, kusonkhanitsa zipatala 300 ku France. Ambiri aiwo ali Kumadzulo: Cholet, Lorient, Brest, Quimper ndi Poitiers; ndi Kumpoto: Tourcoing ndi Amiens; ku South-West: Toulouse ndi Agen; ndi m'chigawo cha Paris. Chipatala cha Angers University chikutsogolera kuyesaku.

Ndi protocol yanji yoyeserera ya Hycovid?

Mlanduwu umakhudza odwala omwe ali ndi Covid-19, osati omwe ali ndi nkhawa, kapena omwe ali m'chipatala chachikulu koma omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta. Ndipotu, ambiri mwa odwala omwe amayesedwa ndi okalamba (osachepera zaka 75) kapena ali ndi vuto la kupuma, ndikusowa mpweya.

Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala mwachindunji kuchipatala, kumalo osungirako okalamba kapena kunyumba. Monga momwe Pulofesa Vincent Dubee, woyambitsa ntchitoyo pachipatala cha Angers University Hospital, akusonyezera kuti "Tidzachitira anthu mwamsanga, zomwe mwina ndizo zomwe zingapangitse kuti chithandizochi chikhale chopambana". Kuphatikiza pa kufotokoza kuti mankhwalawa sangatengedwe ndi onse chifukwa odwala ena adzalandira placebo, popanda wodwalayo, ngakhale dokotala akudziwa.

Zotsatira zoyamba  

Lingaliro lalikulu la Pulofesa Dubee ndi "kutseka mtsutso" pakuchita bwino, kapena ayi, kwa chloroquine. Ndondomeko yokhwima yomwe idzapereke zotsatira zake zoyamba mkati mwa masiku 15, ndi mapeto akuyembekezeka kumapeto kwa April.

Chloroquine pochiza coronavirus?

Pr Didier Raoult, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana komanso pulofesa wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée matenda ku Marseille, adanena pa February 25, 2020 kuti chloroquine ikhoza kuchiza Covid-19. Mankhwala oletsa malungowa akanasonyeza mphamvu zake pochiza matendawa, malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi waku China wofalitsidwa m’magazini ya BioScience Trends. Malinga ndi Pulofesa Raoult, chloroquine "ikhala ndi kusinthika kwa chibayo, kukonza mapapu, kuti wodwalayo akhalenso wopanda kachilomboka ndikufupikitsa nthawi ya matendawa". Olemba kafukufukuyu akutsindikanso kuti mankhwalawa ndi otsika mtengo ndipo ubwino / zoopsa zake zimadziwika bwino chifukwa zakhala zikugulitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Njira yochizira iyi iyenera kuzama chifukwa kafukufuku wachitika pa odwala ochepa ndipo chloroquine imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Hydroxycloroquine sikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku France, ngati gawo la Covid-19, kupatula ngati ikukhudza odwala omwe anali m'mayesero azachipatala. 

Kugwiritsa ntchito seramu kuchokera kwa anthu ochiritsidwa

Kugwiritsa ntchito sera kuchokera ku ma convalescents, ndiye kuti kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndipo apanga ma antibodies, ndi njira yochiritsira yomwe ikuphunziridwa. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Clinical Investigation akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito sera ya convalescent kumatha:

• kuletsa anthu athanzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti asatenge matendawa;
• Thandizani omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro zoyamba mwachangu.

Olemba kafukufukuyu amakumbukira kufunika koteteza anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Covid-19, makamaka ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo. “Masiku ano, anamwino, madotolo ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo ali patsogolo polimbana ndi Covid-19. Amawonetsedwa ku milandu yotsimikizika. Ena mwa iwo adayambitsa matendawa, ena adakhala kwaokha ngati njira yodzitetezera, kuyika pachiwopsezo machitidwe azachipatala amayiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri.”, Malizitsani ofufuzawo.

Nicotine ingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kachilombo ka Covid-19? Izi ndi zomwe gulu lachipatala cha Pitié Salpêtrière likuyesera kuti lidziwe. Zomwe zawona ndikuti anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi Covid-19 ndi osuta. Popeza ndudu makamaka zimakhala ndi mankhwala oopsa monga arsenic, ammonia kapena carbon monoxide, ofufuza akuyamba kusuta chikonga. Katunduyu akuti amalepheretsa kachiromboka kuti adziphatike kumakoma a cell. Komabe, samalani kuti sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kusuta. Ndudu zimawononga thanzi ndipo zimawononga kwambiri mapapo.

Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito zigamba za nikotini m'magulu ena a anthu:

• ogwira ntchito ya unamwino, kuti ateteze ndi kuteteza chikonga;
• odwala m'chipatala, kuti awone ngati zizindikiro zikuyenda bwino;
• pa milandu yoopsa ya Covid-19, kuti muchepetse kutupa. 

Kafukufukuyu akuchitika kuti awonetse mphamvu ya chikonga pa coronavirus yatsopano, yomwe ingakhale yoteteza osati yochiritsa.

Kusintha kwa Novembala 27 - Kafukufuku wa Nicovid Prev, woyesedwa ndi AP-HP, afalikira m'dziko lonselo ndikuphatikiza anamwino oposa 1. Kutalika kwa "mankhwala" kudzakhala pakati pa miyezi 500 ndi 4.

Kusintha Okutobala 16, 2020 - Zotsatira za chikonga pa Covid-19 zikadali zongopeka pakadali pano. Komabe, Santé Publique France ikulimbikitsa zoyeserera zonse zolimbana ndi coronavirus. Zotsatira zikuyembekezeredwa mwachidwi.

Popeza SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus ndi yatsopano, palibe njira yowonjezera yomwe yatsimikiziridwa. Komabe ndizotheka kuyesa kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira ndi zomera zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ngati chimfine cha nyengo:

• Ginseng: amadziwika kuti amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Kudya m'mawa, ginseng imathandizira kulimbana ndi kutopa kwakuthupi kuti ithandizire kupezanso mphamvu. Mlingo umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi vuto, funsani dokotala kuti asinthe mlingo. 
• Echinacea: imathandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro za chimfine. Ndikofunikira kutenga echinacea pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda opumira (ozizira, sinusitis, laryngitis, etc.).
• Andrographis: pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa nthawi ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro za matenda kupuma thirakiti (chimfine, chimfine, pharyngitis).
• Eleutherococcus kapena black elderberry: kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa kutopa, makamaka pa nthawi ya chimfine.

Kumbali ina, kumwa vitamini D kumatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda opumira kwambiri powonjezera chitetezo chokwanira (6). Kafukufuku wochokera ku magazini ya Minerva, Review of Evidence-Based Medicine akufotokoza kuti: Vitamini D zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kuteteza matenda aakulu a kupuma. Odwala omwe amapindula kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la vitamini D ndi omwe amalandira mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena mlungu uliwonse. "Chotero ndikwanira kutenga madontho angapo a vitamini D3 tsiku lililonse kuti afike 1500 mpaka 2000 IU patsiku (IU = mayunitsi apadziko lonse) kwa akuluakulu ndi 1000 IU patsiku kwa ana. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, kuti mupewe kumwa mopitirira muyeso wa vitamini D. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini supplementation sichimaloledwa kulemekeza zotchinga zotchinga. 

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi khansa. Chifukwa chake, kuti mudziteteze ku coronavirus, monga matenda onse, masewera olimbitsa thupi akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Komabe, samalani kuti musamasewere ngati mukutentha thupi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupuma chifukwa chiopsezo cha infarction chikuwoneka kuti chikuwonjezeka pakachitika khama mu nthawi ya malungo. "Mlingo" woyenera wolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke chingakhale pafupifupi mphindi 30 patsiku (kapena mpaka ola limodzi).