Kachilombo katsopano ka SARS-CoV2 komwe kamayambitsa matenda a Covid-19 kudazindikirika ku China mu Januware 2020. Ndi gawo la banja la ma coronavirus omwe amayambitsa matenda kuyambira chimfine mpaka pachimake kupuma movutikira. Zoyambira za coronavirus sizinatsimikizidwebe mwasayansi, koma mbiri ya nyama ndi mwayi.

Coronavirus yatsopano ya SARS-Cov2, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Covid-19, idapezeka koyamba ku China, mumzinda wa Wuhan. Coronaviruses ndi banja la ma virus omwe amakhudza kwambiri nyama. Ena amapatsira anthu matenda ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa chimfine komanso zizindikiro zochepa ngati chimfine. Asayansi akuti zikuwoneka ngati ma coronavirus omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku mileme. Mleme ukhoza kukhala nyama yosungiramo kachilomboka. 

Komabe, kachilomboka komwe kamapezeka mu mileme sikungapatsire anthu. SARS-Cov2 ikadapatsira anthu kudzera pa nyama ina yomwe ilinso ndi kachilombo komwe kamakhala ndi ubale wolimba ndi SARS-Cov2. Iyi ndi pangolin, nyama yaing'ono, yomwe ili pangozi yomwe mnofu wake, mafupa, mamba ndi ziwalo zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achi China. Kafukufuku akuchitika ku China kuti atsimikizire lingaliroli ndipo kafukufuku wa akatswiri a World Health Organisation ayamba posachedwa.

Njira yazinyama ndiye chifukwa chake ndi yomwe ingatheke kwambiri pakadali pano chifukwa anthu oyamba kutenga kachilombo ka Covid-19 mu Disembala adapita kumsika ku Wuhan (kumene kunali mliri) komwe kumagulitsidwa nyama, kuphatikiza nyama zakuthengo. Kumapeto kwa Januware, China idaganiza zoletsa kwakanthawi malonda a nyama zakuthengo kuti athetse mliriwu. 

Covid-19 padziko lonse lapansi

Covid-19 tsopano yakhudza mayiko opitilira 180. Lachitatu Marichi 11, 2020, World Health Organisation (WHO) idafotokoza mliri wolumikizidwa ndi Covid-19 ngati "mliri"Chifukwa"mlingo wochititsa mantha"ndi ena"kusalekerera"Za kufalikira kwa kachilomboka padziko lonse lapansi. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, tinalankhula za mliri, womwe umadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa chiwerengero cha matenda mwa anthu omwe alibe katemera m'dera linalake (derali likhoza kusonkhanitsa mayiko angapo). 

Monga chikumbutso, mliri wa Covid-19 wayamba ku China, ku Wuhan. Lipoti laposachedwa la Meyi 31, 2021 likuwonetsa anthu 167 omwe ali ndi kachilombo padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika pa June 552, anthu 267 amwalira ku Middle Kingdom.

Cholinga cha mayiko omwe akhudzidwa ndi Covid-19 chakhala kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka momwe angathere kudzera munjira zingapo:

• kukhala kwaokha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso omwe adakumana ndi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
• kuletsa kusonkhana kwakukulu kwa anthu.
• kutsekedwa kwa mashopu, masukulu, nazale.
• kuyimitsa ndege kuchokera kumayiko omwe kachilomboka kamafalikira mwachangu.
• kutsatira malamulo aukhondo kuti mudziteteze ku kachilomboka (sambani m'manja pafupipafupi, siyani kupsompsonana ndikugwirana chanza, khosomolani ndikuyetsemula m'chigongono chanu, gwiritsani ntchito minofu yotaya, valani chigoba kwa odwala…).
• lemekezani kusalumikizana ndi anthu (osachepera 1,50 metres pakati pa munthu aliyense).
• kuvala chigoba kumakakamizidwa m'mayiko ambiri (m'malo otsekedwa komanso m'misewu), ngakhale kwa ana (kuyambira zaka 11 ku France - zaka 6 kusukulu - ndi zaka 6 ku Italy).
• ku Spain, ndikoletsedwa kusuta kunja, ngati mtunda sungakhoze kulemekezedwa.
• kutsekedwa kwa mipiringidzo ndi malo odyera, kutengera kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
• kutsata anthu onse omwe akulowa mubizinesi, kudzera muzofunsira, monga ku Thailand.
• kuchepetsedwa kwa 50% kwa malo ogona m'makalasi ndi malo ophunzirira m'mayunivesite ndi m'masukulu ophunzitsira.
• kubwezeretsedwanso m'maiko ena, monga Ireland ndi France kuyambira pa Okutobala 30 mpaka Disembala 15, 2020.
• nthawi yofikira panyumba kuyambira 19pm kuyambira pa Marichi 20, 2021 ku France.
• Kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu m'madera omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri kapena kudziko lonse. 

Covid-19 ku France: nthawi yofikira kunyumba, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, zoletsa

Sinthani Meyi 3 - Kuyambira lero, ndizotheka kuyenda momasuka ku France masana, popanda satifiketi. Maphunziro akuyambanso mu theka-gauge mu makalasi 4 ndi 3 kusukulu yapakati komanso kusukulu za sekondale.

Kusintha pa Epulo 1, 2021 - Purezidenti wa Republic adalengeza njira zatsopano zochitira kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa coronavirus

• ziletso zomwe zikugwira ntchito m'madipatimenti 19 zimafikira kudera lonse la metropolitan, kuyambira pa Epulo 3, kwa milungu inayi. Maulendo atsiku opitilira 10 km ndioletsedwa (kupatula pazifukwa zazikulu komanso popereka satifiketi);
• nthawi yofikira kunyumba imayamba nthawi ya 19pm ndipo ikugwirabe ntchito ku France.

Kuyambira Lolemba Epulo 5, masukulu ndi anazale azitseka kwa milungu itatu ikubwerayi. Maphunziro azichitika kwa sabata kunyumba kusukulu, makoleji ndi masukulu apamwamba. Kuyambira pa Epulo 12, milungu iwiri ya tchuthi cha sukulu idzakhazikitsidwa nthawi imodzi m'magawo atatu. Kubwerera m'kalasi kwakonzedwa pa Epulo 26 kwa ana asukulu zamkaka ndi pulayimale ndipo Meyi 3 kusukulu zapakati ndi sekondale. Kuyambira pa Marichi 26, madipatimenti atsopano atatu atsekeredwa: Rhône, Nièvre ndi Aube.

Kuyambira pa Marichi 19, zosungira zakhala zikuchitika m'madipatimenti 16, kwa milungu inayi: Aisne, Alpes-Maritimes, Essonne, Eure, Hauts-de-Seine, Nord, Oise, Paris, Pas-de-Calais, Seine- et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-Maritime, Somme, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise, Yvelines. Ndizotheka kuchoka panthawi yotsekeredwa, kuperekedwa ndi satifiketi, mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita 10, koma popanda malire a nthawi. Kuyenda kwapakati pazigawo ndikoletsedwa (kupatula pazifukwa zokakamiza kapena zaukadaulo). Masukulu amakhala otseguka komanso mashopu ” zosafunikira Iyenera kutseka. 

Kupanda kutero, nthawi yofikira panyumba imasungidwa m'gawo lonse, koma akukankhidwira kumbuyo hours 19 kuyambira pa Marichi 20. ” Telecommuting iyenera kukhala yokhazikika Ndipo ayenera kuyikapo masiku 4 mwa 5, ngati nkotheka. 

Kusintha pa Marichi 9 - Zosungirako pang'ono kumapeto kwa sabata lotsatira zakhazikitsidwa ku Nice, ku Alpes-Maritimes, mugulu la Dunkirk komanso dipatimenti ya Pas-de-Calais.

Satifiketi yotuluka yatsopano ikupezeka kuyambira Novembara 30. Masiku ano ndizotheka kuyendayenda “panja kapena panja, osasintha malo okhala, mkati mwa maola atatu patsiku komanso pamtunda wamakilomita makumi awiri kuzungulira nyumba, zolumikizidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena nthawi yopuma, kupatula masewera aliwonse apagulu komanso kuyandikira kwa anthu ena, kaya koyenda ndi anthu okha omwe asonkhana m'nyumba imodzi, kapena pazosowa za ziweto.".

Purezidenti wa Republic adalankhula ndi French pa November 24. Mkhalidwe wa thanzi ukuyenda bwino, koma kuchepa kumachepa. Kutsekeredwaku kumagwirabe ntchito mpaka Disembala 15 komanso satifiketi yapaulendo. Tiyenera kupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pa telefoni, kupewa misonkhano yabanja komanso maulendo osafunikira. Anatchula ndondomeko yake, ndi masiku atatu ofunika, kuti apitirize kuchepetsa mliri wa coronavirus : 

• Kuyambira pa Novembara 28, zitha kuyenda pamtunda wa 20 km, kwa maola atatu. Zochita zakunja zidzaloledwa komanso ntchito, mpaka anthu 3. Mashopu azitha kutsegulidwanso, mpaka 30pm, komanso ntchito zapakhomo, malo ogulitsa mabuku ndi malo ojambulira, pansi pa ndondomeko yolimba yazaumoyo.
• Kuyambira pa Disembala 15, ngati zolinga zakwaniritsidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuipitsidwa 5 patsiku ndi anthu 000 mpaka 2 omwe ali m'chipatala chachikulu, kutsekeredwako kumatha kuchotsedwa. Nzika zizitha kuyenda momasuka (popanda chilolezo), makamaka “khalani ndi tchuthi ndi banja“. Kumbali inayi, zidzakhala zofunikira kupitiliza kuchepetsa "maulendo osafunika“. Makanema, malo owonetsera zisudzo ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale azitha kuyambiranso ntchito zawo motsatira malamulo okhwima. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yofikira panyumba idzakhazikitsidwa kulikonse m'gawoli, kuyambira 21pm mpaka 7am, kupatula madzulo a Disembala 24 ndi 31, pomwe "magalimoto adzakhala aulere".
• Januware 20 ikhala gawo lachitatu, ndikutsegulanso malo odyera, mipiringidzo ndi malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro amathanso kuyambiranso maso ndi maso m'masukulu apamwamba, kenako patatha masiku 15 m'mayunivesite.

Emmanuel Macron akuwonjezera kuti "Tiyenera kuchita chilichonse kuti tipewe funde lachitatu komanso kutsekeredwa kwachitatu".

Pofika pa Novembara 13, malamulo otsekera akadali osasinthika. Amawonjezedwa kwa masiku 15. Zowonadi, malinga ndi Prime Minister Jean Castex, kugonekedwa m'chipatala 1 kumachitika masekondi 30 aliwonse komanso kulandilidwa kuchipatala champhamvu mphindi zitatu zilizonse. Kuchuluka kwa mwezi wa Epulo, kuchuluka kwa zipatala, kudadutsa. Komabe, thanzi likuyenda bwino, chifukwa cha zomwe zachitika kuyambira pa Okutobala 30, koma zambiri zikadali zaposachedwa kwambiri kuti zikweze chotengeracho.

Kuyambira October 30, anthu a ku France atsekeredwa kachiwiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba ya masabata anayi. Mkhalidwewu udzawunikidwanso pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse ndikuchitapo kanthu. 

Pofika pa Okutobala 26, thanzi ku France likuipiraipira. Choncho boma likuwonjezera nthawi yofikira m’madipatimenti 54: Loire, Rhône, Nord, Paris, Isère, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-d’Oise, Val-de-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Essonne, Bouches-du- Rhône, Haute-Garonne, Yvelines, Hérault, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Loire, Ain, Savoie, Ardèche, Saône-et-Loire, Aveyron, Ariège, Tarn-et-Garonne, Tarn, Pyrénées- Orientales, Gard, Vaucluse, Puy-de-Dôme, Hautes-Alpes, Pas-de-Calais, Drôme, Oise, Haute-Savoie, Jura, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Haute-Corse, Calvados, Hautes-Pyrénées, Corse- South, Lozère, Haute-Vienne, Côte-d'Or, Ardennes, Var, Indre-et-Loire, Aube, Loiret, Maine-et-Loire, Bas-Rhin, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Marne, Alpes-Maritimes, Ille-et-Vilaine ndi French Polynesia.

Purezidenti wa Republic, Emmanuel Macron, adalengeza njira zatsopano. Kuyambira Loweruka October 17, mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi waumoyo udzalengezedwa, kachiwiri, ku France. Nthawi yofikira panyumba, kuyambira 21 koloko mpaka 6 koloko m'mawa idzakhazikitsidwa kuyambira tsiku lino, ku Ile-de-France, Grenoble, Lille, Saint-Etienne, Montpellier, Lyon, Toulouse, Rouen ndi Aix-Marseille. Mtsogoleri wa Boma amalimbikitsa kuti anthu 6 azikhala pamisonkhano yamabanja, kwinaku akulemekeza zotchinga komanso kuvala chigoba. Ntchito yatsopano "TousAntiCovid" ilowa m'malo mwa "StopCovid". Adzapereka chidziwitso kutengera komwe munthu ali, kuwapatsa upangiri waumoyo. Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi kupereka miyeso malinga ndi mizinda, popereka buku losavuta la ogwiritsa ntchito. Njira yatsopano yowunikira ikuchitikanso, pogwiritsa ntchito "kudziyesa" ndi "mayesero a antigenic".

Ku France, pakachitika mliri, magawo angapo amayamba kutengera kusinthika kwa zinthu.

Gawo 1 likufuna kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa kachilomboka m'gawo ladziko, zomwe zimatchedwa "milandu yochokera kunja“. Zowonadi, malo okhala anthu otetezedwa amakhazikitsidwa kwa anthu obwera kuchokera kumalo owopsa. Akuluakulu azaumoyo akuyesanso kupeza "wodwala 0”, Chimene chili pa chiyambi cha kuipitsidwa koyamba m’dera linalake.

Gawo 2 ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka komwe kamapezekabe m'malo ena. Pambuyo pozindikiritsa magulu odziwika awa (malo ophatikizanso milandu yachibadwidwe), akuluakulu azaumoyo akupitilizabe kutsekereza malo okhala ndipo atha kupemphanso kutsekedwa kwa masukulu, malo osungira ana, kuletsa misonkhano yayikulu, kupempha anthu kuti achepetse mayendedwe awo, aletse kuyendera malo omwe amalandila. anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (nyumba zosungirako okalamba) ...

Gawo 3 limayamba pamene kachilomboka kamafalikira m'dera lonselo. Cholinga chake ndikuchita chilichonse chotheka kuti athe kuthana ndi mliriwu m'njira yabwino kwambiri mdziko muno. Anthu ofooka (okalamba ndi / kapena omwe akudwala matenda ena) amatetezedwa momwe angathere. Dongosolo lazaumoyo limayendetsedwa bwino (zipatala, zamankhwala zamatawuni, malo azachipatala) ndikulimbitsa akatswiri azaumoyo.

Mpaka pano, pa Juni 2, 2021, France idakali pagawo 3 la mliri wa coronavirus. Lipoti laposachedwa likunena 5 677 172 anthu omwe ali ndi Covid-19 et 109 akufa. 

Kachilomboka ndi mitundu yake tsopano ikufalikira m'dziko lonselo.

Chonde onani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zambiri za coronavirus ku France komanso zomwe boma likuchita.