La matenda amene amatupitsa ndi matenda otupa aakulu m'mimba (m'matumbo akulu), omwe amasintha ndi kutseguka ndi magawo a chikhululukiro. Amadziwika makamaka ndi zovuta za kupweteka m'mimba ndi kutsekula, yomwe imatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Kutopa, kuwonda komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kuchitika ngati palibe chithandizo chilichonse. Nthawi zina, zosagwirizana ndi m'mimba zizindikiro, zomwe zimakhudza khungu, mafupa kapena maso angagwirizane ndi matendawa. 

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji zizindikiro za matenda a Crohn? 

Ngati muli ndi matenda amene amatupitsa, kutupa kumakhudza mbali iliyonse ya m'mimba, kuchokera pakamwa mpaka kuthako. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pamphambano yamatumbo aang'ono ndi koloni (matumbo akulu).

Chithunzi cha matenda a Crohn

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda a Crohn ndi chiyani?

La matenda amene amatupitsa ndi chifukwa kulimbikira kutupa makoma ndi zigawo zakuya za kugaya chakudya. Kutupa uku kungayambitse kukhuthala kwa makoma m'malo ena, ming'alu ndi zilonda zina. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa sizikudziwika ndipo mwina zingachuluke, kuphatikizapo chibadwa, autoimmune ndi chilengedwe.

Zosowa zamtundu

Ngakhale kuti matenda a Crohn si matenda amtundu uliwonse, majini ena amatha kuwonjezera mwayi wopeza. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza apeza majini angapo omwe amatha kudwala, kuphatikiza jini ya NOD2 / CARD15, yomwe imawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matendawa kanayi kapena kasanu.⁶. Jini imeneyi imagwira ntchito yoteteza thupi. Komabe, zina ndizofunikira kuti matendawa achitike. Mofanana ndi matenda ena ambiri, zikuoneka kuti kutengeka kwa majini pamodzi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kapena moyo kumayambitsa matendawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa autoimmune

Monga ulcerative colitis, matenda a Crohn ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a autoimmune (= matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimamenyana ndi maselo ake). Akatswiri ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti kutupa kwa m’mimba kumayendera limodzi ndi mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya omwe ali m’matumbo.

Zinthu zachilengedwe

Zimadziwika kuti matenda a Crohn ndi okwera kwambiri mayiko otukuka ndipo zakhala zikuwonjezeka kuyambira 1950. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zachilengedwe, mwina zogwirizana ndi moyo wa Kumadzulo, zikhoza kukhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chiyambi cha matendawa. Komabe, palibe chifukwa chenichenicho chomwe chadziwika. Njira zingapo zikuphunziridwa. Kukumana ndi maantibayotiki ena, makamaka ochokera m'gulu la tetracycline, ndizowopsa³¹. Osuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Anthu omwe sangokhala chete amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa omwe amatanganidwa kwambiri³².

N'zotheka, koma palibe umboni wokwanira, kuti zakudya zolemera kwambiri mu mafuta oipa, nyama ndi shuga zimawonjezera chiopsezo.³³. 

Ofufuzawo akuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe zingachitike ndi matenda a virus kapena bakiteriya (salmonella, campylobacter) poyambitsa matendawa. Kuwonjezera pa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "akunja", a Kusamvana bwino kwa m'mimba (mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mwachibadwa m'mimba) akhoza kukhala nawo¹⁸.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zimawoneka kuti zimateteza. Izi zimaphatikizapo zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi ndi zipatso, kukhudzana ndi amphaka kapena nyama zapafamu musanakwanitse chaka chimodzi, appendectomy, komanso kukhala ndi matenda am'mimba kapena matenda. kupuma³⁴. Palibenso mgwirizano pakati pa katemera wa MMR (measles-rubella-mumps) ndi matenda a Crohn.³⁵.

Zinthu zamaganizidwe

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akuganiza kuti kupsinjika maganizo kungayambitse khunyu. Komabe, maphunziro omwe achitika mpaka pano akuwoneka kuti akutsutsa lingaliro ili.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo

• Anthu okhala ndi mbiri ya banja matenda a m'mimba (matenda a Crohn kapena ulcerative colitis). Izi zitha kukhala 10% mpaka 25% mwa omwe akhudzidwa.
• Anthu ena ali pachiopsezo kuposa ena, chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo a majini. Gulu lachiyuda (lachiyambi cha Ashkenazi), mwachitsanzo, likanakhala nthawi 4 mpaka 5 zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a Crohn.^3,4.

Kodi matenda a Crohn amakula bwanji?

Ndi matenda aakulu omwe amapezeka moyo wonse. Nthawi zambiri ndi matenda amene amatupitsa zimasanduka zoyaka moto zophatikizika ndi nthawi za chikhululukiro zomwe zimatha kwa miyezi ingapo. Pafupifupi 10% mpaka 20% ya anthu amakhala ndi chikhululukiro chokhalitsa pambuyo pa kufalikira koyamba kwa matendawa. The kubwereza (kapena zovuta) zimatsatana m'njira yosadziwika bwino ndipo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimakhala zovuta kwambiri (kulephera kudya, kutuluka magazi, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi zina zotero) kotero kuti kugonekedwa m'chipatala kumakhala kofunikira.

Zovuta zotheka ndi zotsatira zake

La matenda amene amatupitsa zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro ndi zovuta zake zimasiyana kwambiri ndi munthu.

Zovuta zotheka

• A kutsekereza m'mimba. Kutupa kosatha kumapangitsa kuti chimbudzi cham'mimba chikhwime, zomwe zimatha kutsekeka pang'ono kapena kutsekeka kwathunthu. Izi zingayambitse kutupa, kudzimbidwa, kapena kusanza kwa ndowe. Kugonekedwa mwadzidzidzi kungakhale kofunikira kuti matumbo asabowole.
• Zilonda m'kati mwa m'mimba.
• Zilonda zozungulira ku anus (fistula, ming'alu yakuya kapena zotupa zosatha).
• Kutuluka magazi kuchokera m'mimba, kawirikawiri koma nthawi zina kwambiri.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn a m'matumbo amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za matendawa, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi chithandizo. Choncho ndi bwino kukayezetsa msanga komanso pafupipafupi ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.

Zotsatira zotheka

• A kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, chifukwa panthawi yamavuto, odwala amakonda kudya pang'ono chifukwa cha ululu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera koyamwa chakudya kudzera pakhoma la matumbo kumasokonekera, m'chilankhulo chachipatala timalankhula za malabsorption.
• Un kuchepa kwa kukula ndi kutha msinkhu kwa ana ndi achinyamata.
• Iron akusowa magazi m`thupi, chifukwa magazi m`mimba thirakiti, amene akhoza kuchitika otsika phokoso ndi kukhala wosaoneka ndi maso.
• Matenda ena, monga nyamakazi, matenda a khungu, kutupa kwa maso, zilonda zam'kamwa, miyala ya impso kapena ndulu.
• Matenda a Crohn, akakhala "yogwira" gawo, amawonjezera chiopsezo chakuchotsa mowiriza mwa amayi apakati omwe ali nawo. Zingapangitse kuti mwana wosabadwayo azivutika kukula. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti amayi omwe akufuna kukhala ndi pakati athetsere matenda awo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ndikukambirana ndi dokotala wawo.

Ndi anthu angati omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a Crohn?

Malingana ndi webusaiti ya Afa, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi United States komwe timapeza anthu ambiri omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matenda a Crohn. Ku France, anthu pafupifupi 120.000 akuti akhudzidwa. M'madera awa, Afa amawerengera milandu 4 mpaka 5 pa anthu 100.000 chaka chilichonse. 

 Ku Canada, a matenda amene amatupitsa imakhudza anthu pafupifupi 50 pa anthu 100 alionse m’mayiko olemera, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malo. Malo padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi milandu yodziwika kwambiri ali ku Nova Scotia, chigawo cha Canada, komwe chiwopsezo chikukwera mpaka 000 pa anthu 319 aliwonse. Ku Japan, Romania ndi South Korea, mlingowo ndi wosakwana 100,000 pa 25²⁹.

Matendawa akhoza kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo ubwana. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka 10 mpaka 30³⁰.

Lingaliro la adokotala pa matendawa

Monga gawo la njira yake yabwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Dominic Larose, dokotala wadzidzidzi akukupatsani malingaliro ake pankhaniyi matenda amene amatupitsa :