Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi izi m'moyo wanu: Maola 12 mutadya nkhuku, munamva kuti simukupeza bwino? Kenako imasanduka kupweteka kwam'mimba komwe kumatuluka kumbuyo. Ndiye mumatsegula m'mimba, kutentha thupi, ndipo mumadwala. Izi zimachitika kwa masiku angapo, ndiyeno mumamva kutopa kwa milungu ingapo. Mwalumbira kuti simudzadyanso nkhuku. Ngati yankho lanu "Inde"ndiye kuti ndinu mmodzi wa mamiliyoni amene akuvutika chakupha chakupha.
Mikhalidwe ndi yakuti chifukwa chachikulu cha poizoni ndi chakudya cha nyama. Makumi makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi mphambu asanu pa zana aliwonse akupha m'zakudya amayamba chifukwa cha nyama, mazira, kapena nsomba. Kuthekera kotenga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya kuchokera ku nyama ndikwambiri kuposa masamba, chifukwa nyama ndizofanana ndi ife. Mavairasi ambiri amene amakhala m’mwazi kapena m’maselo a nyama zina angakhalenso ndi moyo m’matupi athu. Ma virus ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa poizoni m'zakudya ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kuwonedwa ndi maso. Mabakiteriya ena amakhala ndi kuchulukana mkati mwa zamoyo, pamene ena amapatsira nyama ya nyama zimene zaphedwa kale chifukwa cha mmene amasungiramo. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, nthawi zonse timadwala matenda osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku nyama yomwe timadya, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Malinga ndi boma la UK, anthu masauzande ambiri amapita kwa dokotala ndi mtundu wina wapoizoni wazakudya. Izi zikuphatikiza milandu 85000 pachaka, zomwe mwina sizikumveka ngati zochuluka kwa anthu mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu. Koma apa pali kugwira! Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nambala yeniyeniyo ndi yochuluka kuwirikiza kakhumi, koma anthu sapita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse, amangokhala kunyumba ndikuvutika. Izi zikufanana ndi pafupifupi 850000 milandu yakupha chakudya chaka chilichonse, pomwe 260 ndi chakupha. Pali mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amayambitsa poyizoni, awa ndi mayina a ena omwe amapezeka kwambiri: Salmonella ndiye chifukwa cha imfa mazana ambiri ku UK. Bakiteriyayu amapezeka mu nkhuku, mazira, ndi nyama ya abakha ndi turkeys. Bakiteriya ameneyu amayambitsa kutsekula m'mimba komanso kupweteka kwa m'mimba. Matenda enanso owopsa - campylobactum, yomwe imapezeka makamaka mu nyama ya nkhuku. Ndinalongosola zochita za bakiteriyayu pathupi la munthu kumayambiriro kwa mutu uno; zimakwiyitsa mtundu wapoizoni wofala kwambiri. Kuchokera Listeria amaphanso anthu mazanamazana chaka chilichonse, bakiteriyayu amapezeka muzakudya zokonzedwanso ndi zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi - nkhuku yophika ndi salami. Kwa amayi apakati, mabakiteriyawa ndi owopsa kwambiri, amadziwonetsera okha ndi zizindikiro za chimfine, ndipo angayambitse poizoni wa magazi ndi meningitis kapena imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kulamulira mabakiteriya onse omwe amapezeka mu nyama ndi chakuti mabakiteriya amasintha nthawi zonse - kusintha. masinthidwe - ndondomeko yofanana ndi kusinthika kwa zinyama, kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti mabakiteriya amasintha mofulumira kuposa zinyama mkati mwa maola angapo, osati zaka zikwizikwi. Ambiri mwa mabakiteriya osinthidwawa amafa msanga, koma ambiri amakhalabe ndi moyo. Ena amatha ngakhale kukana mankhwala omwe ankagwira ntchito kwa omwe analipo kale. Izi zikachitika, asayansi amayenera kuyang'ana mankhwala atsopano ndi mankhwala ena. Kuyambira 1947, pamene anatulukira penicillin, mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena, madokotala amatha kuchiza matenda odziwika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo poizoni wa zakudya. Tsopano mabakiteriyawo asintha kwambiri moti maantibayotiki sakugwiranso ntchito pa iwo. Mabakiteriya ena sangachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala aliwonse, ndipo ichi n’chakuti madokotala akuda nkhaŵa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti pali mankhwala oŵerengeka atsopano amene akupangidwa tsopano kotero kuti mankhwala atsopano alibe nthaŵi yoloŵa m’malo akale amene sakugwiranso ntchito. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimafalira mabakiteriya mu nyama ndi momwe nyama zimasungidwira m'malo ophera nyama. Kusaukhondo, madzi akusefukira ponseponse, macheka akupera mitembo, magazi odontha, mafuta, zidutswa za nyama ndi mafupa kulikonse. Zinthu ngati zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya aziberekana makamaka pakagwa mphepo. Pulofesa Richard Lacey, amene amafufuza pa nkhani ya poyizoni wa m’zakudya, anati: “Nyama yathanzi kotheratu ikaloŵa m’malo ophera nyama, pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti mtembowo ungayambukiridwa ndi mtundu wina wa tizilombo.” Chifukwa chakuti nyama imayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi khansa, anthu ambiri akudya nyama ya ng’ombe, ya nkhosa ndi ya nkhumba pofuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino la nkhuku. M'malo ena opangira chakudya, malo opangira nkhuku amasiyanitsidwa ndi madera ena ndi magalasi akuluakulu. Choopsa chake ndi chakuti nkhuku imatha kufalitsa matendawa ku nyama zina. Njira yogwirira nkhuku zophedwa imatsimikizira kufalikira kwa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya monga nsomba or katemera wa campylobacteria. Mbalamezi zikadulidwa pakhosi, zonse amaziviika m’thanki imodzi yamadzi otentha. Kutentha kwamadzi ndi pafupifupi madigiri makumi asanu, okwanira kulekanitsa nthenga, koma osakwanira kupha mabakiteriyazomwe zimaswana m'madzi. Gawo lotsatira la ndondomekoyi ndi loipa. Mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala mkati mwa nyama iliyonse. Mkati mwa nkhuku zakufa zimachotsedwa ndi chipangizo chooneka ngati spoon. Chipangizochi chimakwapula mkati mwa mbalame imodzi pambuyo pa inzake - mbalame iliyonse yomwe ili pa lamba wotumizira imafalitsa mabakiteriya. Ngakhale mitembo ya nkhuku ikatumizidwa mufiriji, mabakiteriya samafa, amangosiya kuchulukana. Koma nyamayo ikangosungunuka, ntchito yobereketsa imayambiranso. Nkhukuyo itaphikidwa bwino, sipakanakhala matenda chifukwa salmonella sikanatha kukhala ndi moyo m’malo aukhondo. Koma mukamasula nkhuku yophikidwa kale, mumapeza salmonella m'manja mwanu ndipo mutha kukhala ndi chilichonse chomwe mungakhudze, ngakhale malo ogwirira ntchito. Mavuto amadzanso chifukwa cha mmene amasungira nyama m’masitolo. Ndikukumbukira kuti nthawi ina ndinamva nkhani ya mayi wina amene ankagwira ntchito m’sitolo yaikulu. Anati chinthu chokhacho chomwe amadana nacho ndi phala la timbewu. Sindinathe kudziwa chomwe amatanthawuza mpaka atafotokoza kuti phala la timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu ta timbewu timakhala tating'ono, tozungulira, tosalala, tokhala ndi mabakiteriya ndipo nthawi zambiri timatha kuwona tikadulidwa. nyama. Ndipo amachita nawo chiyani? Ogwira ntchito ku supermarket amangosegula mafinya, dulani nyamayi ndi kuiponya mumtsuko. Mu chidebe cha zinyalala? Osati mu chidebe chapadera, ndiye kuti mupite nayo ku chopukusira nyama. Palinso njira zina zambiri zodyera nyama yowonongeka popanda kudziwa. M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, atolankhani a pawailesi yakanema atulukira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza mmene nyama imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ng'ombe zatsoka, zomwe zinkaonedwa kuti siziyenera kudyedwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha matenda kapena kudyetsedwa maantibayotiki, zinatha kukhala zodzaza pie ndi maziko a zakudya zina. Pakhalanso zochitika zakuti masitolo akuluakulu amabwezera nyama kwa ogulitsa chifukwa idawonongeka. Kodi ogulitsa anali kuchita chiyani? Anadula zidutswa zamphepo, n’kutsuka nyama yotsalayo, kuiduladula ndi kuigulitsanso monyezimira nyama yatsopano, yowonda. Zimakuvutani kudziwa ngati nyamayo ndi yabwino kapena ikuwoneka ngati yabwino. N'chifukwa chiyani opereka chithandizo amachita chonchi? Lolani Wapampando wa Institute yemwe akukumana ndi mavuto ayankhe funsoli Chilengedwe ndi Thanzi: “Tangolingalirani phindu limene lingapezeke mwa kugula nyama yakufa, yosayenerera kudyedwa ndi anthu, ingagulidwe ndi mapaundi 25 ndi kugulitsidwa ngati nyama yabwino, yatsopano pamtengo osachepera mapaundi 600 m’masitolo.” Palibe amene akudziwa kuti mchitidwewu wafala bwanji, koma malinga ndi omwe adafufuzapo za nkhaniyi, ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zinthu zikuipiraipira. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi chakuti nyama yoyipa kwambiri, yotsika mtengo komanso, nthawi zambiri, nyama yowonongeka imagulitsidwa kwa iwo omwe amagula motsika mtengo komanso mochuluka, zomwe ndi zipatala, nyumba zosungirako okalamba ndi masukulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. nkhomaliro.