Zamkatimu
Chibayo ndi mdani wamkulu. Nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda am'mbuyomu am'mapapo komanso zovuta zomwe zimatsatira. Kuchiza sikophweka ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatha ndi kugona m'chipatala, makamaka ngati wokalamba akudwala.
Chibayo chimatanthauzidwa ngati kutupa kulikonse komwe kumachitika m'mapapo - mu alveoli ndi minofu yapakati. Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri, kaya nyengo. Chofunika kwambiri, chikhoza kuchitika mwachinyengo, popanda zizindikiro zowonekera poyamba.
Kuukira kwa ma virus
Matenda osasamala, osachiritsidwa (mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi) a kumtunda kwa kupuma (mphuno yothamanga, laryngitis) amatha kufalikira mosavuta m'munsi mwa kupuma, zomwe zimayambitsa bronchitis kapena chibayo. Izi zimakhala choncho makamaka pamene kachilomboka kali ndi mphamvu ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi chatsika.
Mavairasi ndi udindo otchedwa tizilombo chibayo, choopsa kwambiri ndi fuluwenza chibayo. Mtundu woterewu umakhudza kwambiri nthawi ya mliri. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapita mu magawo awiri. Poyamba, timangolimbana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine: odwala amadandaula za malaise, malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa minofu, mafupa, mutu, ndi ofooka. Nthawi zina samadziwa za matenda omwe amayamba. Pakangotha masiku angapo kapena ngakhale angapo, pamene minofu ya m'mapapo imakhudzidwa, zizindikiro za kupuma kwa mpweya zimawonekera - kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira komanso chifuwa chouma, chotopetsa.
Mabakiteriya onyenga
Nthawi zina chimfine (mavairasi) chibayo zovuta ndi bakiteriya superinfection ndi kutembenukira mu otchedwa bakiteriya chibayo. Nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi, makamaka ana ndi okalamba. Kutupa kwamtunduwu kumayamikiridwa ndi: matenda opumira, mwachitsanzo, chifuwa chachikulu, emphysema, bronchiectasis, matenda amtima, mwachitsanzo, kupunduka kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi chifukwa cha matenda ena, matenda a virus, makamaka fuluwenza, matenda a nosocomial. Zizindikiro za kutupa zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi, kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 40 ° C. Palinso kuzizira, thukuta kwambiri ndi kufooka kwakukulu. Pali chifuwa chotuluka kwambiri, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi dyspnoea mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Choyambitsa kwambiri chibayo ndi Streptococcus pneumoniae - pafupifupi 60-70% ya zotupa zonse. Matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a m'mwamba. Chinthu chachiwiri chofala kwambiri chotupa ndi kachilombo ka Haemophilus influenzae. Chibayo cha Staphylococcal chikhoza kukhala chovuta cha chimfine kapena matenda ena a virus.
Kodi chofunika n'chiyani kuti muzindikire?
Kale pa auscultation ndi percussion pachifuwa, dokotala amaona kusintha m'mapapo, kupezeka mu onse tizilombo ndi bakiteriya chibayo - amamva crackles, rales, wheezing. Nthawi zina amalamula X-ray kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi matenda. Mu chibayo cha viral, chithunzicho chimasokonekera, mthunzi wa bakiteriya wa lobe umakhala wotuwa komanso wolumikizana, ndipo madzimadzi amatha kukhalapo mu pleural cavity. Nthawi zina mayeso owonjezera amafunika: magazi, kutsekemera kwa bakiteriya, bronchoscopy, computed tomography yamapapu.
Chithandizo moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala
Chithandizo cha chibayo chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala, ndipo njira zake zimadalira chifukwa cha kutupa. Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amakhala osafunikira pakutupa kwa ma virus, ngakhale nthawi zina adotolo amatha kuwalamula kuti apewe kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya. Painkillers, expectorants, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha thupi nthawi zambiri amalembedwa. Nthawi zina mumafunika chithandizo cha okosijeni ndi mankhwala amtima. Antibiotic ndi mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Osankhidwa bwino ayenera kuperekedwa kuyambira chiyambi cha matenda. Zimachitika kuti dokotala, patatha masiku angapo osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwira ntchito, amasintha mankhwalawa kukhala osiyana. Chithandizo cha maantibayotiki sichiyenera kusokonezedwa - ndi dokotala yekha amene angasankhe.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga njira zodutsa mpweya wotseguka. Muyenera kutsokomola pafupipafupi momwe mungathere, kugwedeza pachifuwa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kugona pansi miyendo yanu itaweramira mawondo, kupuma kwambiri m'mphuno kwinaku mukukankhira m'mimba kunja ndikutulutsa mpweya pang'onopang'ono m'kamwa ndikukoka m'mimba - katatu tsiku kwa mphindi 3). Muyeneranso kumwa madzi ambiri, pafupifupi malita 15 patsiku. Chifukwa cha iwo, kukhuthala kwa sputum kudzachepa, zomwe zimathandizira kutulutsa kwake. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi koma zogayidwa mosavuta ndi zofunikanso.
OnaninsoPneumocystosis - zizindikiro, ndithudi, chithandizo
Kuchipatala liti?
Chibayo amatha kuchiza kunyumba, koma nthawi zonse moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Komabe, nthawi zina kuchipatala ndikofunikira. Izi zimachitika pamene njira ya matendawa ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo wodwalayo alibe vuto. Izi makamaka zimagwira ntchito kwa okalamba ndi ana.
Ndikoyenera kutsindika kuti chibayo chingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Anthu odwala kwambiri, makamaka amene akudwala matenda ena kupuma, akhoza kudwala kwambiri kupuma kulephera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima, matenda a shuga ndi khansa nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka. Ngati pleurisy ichitika, kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kumapondereza mapapu ndikupangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta. M'mapapo abscess, mwachitsanzo, necrosis ya m'mapapo minofu chifukwa tizilombo kuchititsa purulent zotupa, kungakhale kwambiri Vuto. Nthawi zina zovuta za chibayo cha bakiteriya zimatha kuyambitsa sepsis yowopsa.
Zolemba: Anna Romaszkan