Zamkatimu
Dyslexia, ndi chiyani?
Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) limafotokoza izi motere: Dyslexia ndi vuto linalake lowerenga. Ndilonso vuto losalekeza pakupeza zilankhulo zolembedwa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zovuta kwambiri pakugula komanso kupanga makina ofunikira kuti azitha kulemba bwino (kuwerenga, kulemba, kalembedwe, ndi zina). Mwanayo ali ndi vuto kuyimira phonological mawu. Nthaŵi zina amawatchula moipa, koma koposa zonse, sadziwa kamvekedwe ka mawuwo. MaiNdikasamalidwe bwino, dyslexia imatha kukula ndikukula. Bungwe la WHO likuyerekeza kuti 8 mpaka 10 peresenti ya ana amakhudzidwa, ndipo anyamata ochulukirapo katatu kuposa atsikana.
Vuto ndikuziwona. Chifukwa ana onse, osawerenga bwino kapena ayi, amakumana ndi chisokonezo cha masilabi ("galimoto" imakhala "cra"), zowonjezera ("holo ya tauni" ya "holo ya tauni") kapena kutembenuka ngati "katswiri wamatsenga" kapena "pestacle. “! "Zolakwa" izi zimakhala zowonongeka pamene chisokonezo chiri chachikulu ndipo zakhala zikuwonedwa pakapita nthawi kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo zimalepheretsa kuphunzira kuwerenga.
Kodi dyslexia imachokera kuti?
Chiyambireni kupezeka m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, ofufuza achulukitsa zongopeka. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku akulowera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
Kuperewera kwa chidziwitso cha phonological. Ndiko kunena kuti, mwana wa dyslexia amavutika kuzindikira. chinenerocho chimapangidwa ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono (mafonimu) omwe amaphatikizidwa kupanga masilabulo ndi mawu.
Ma genetic : majini asanu ndi limodzi akhala akugwirizana ndi vuto la dyslexia. Ndipo pafupifupi 60% ya ana omwe akhudzidwa ndi vutoli ali ndi mbiri ya banja la dyslexia.
Kodi dyslexia imayamba bwanji?
Kuchokera pagawo lapakati, mwanayo amavutika kukumbukira mawu oimba chifukwa amatembenuza ma stanza.
M'magawo akuluakulu, sakonda kuthana ndi mwambo woyika tsiku, tsiku ndi mwezi pa kalendala ya kalasi; sanapezeke bwino munthawi yake. Iye sali womasuka kujambula.
Chilankhulo chake chimakhala ndi zolakwika za matchulidwe: kutembenuza, kubwereza mawu, ndi zina zotero. Amalankhula "mwana", kupeza mawu ake kumakhalabe.
Sangathe kupeza mawu omwe amadzutsa zinthuzo: ngati atafunsidwa kuti awonetse apulosi, palibe vuto, koma ngati timufunsa, kuchokera pa chithunzi cha apulo, chomwe chiri, adzafufuza mawu ake. Amakhalanso ndi vuto ndi charades, miyambi ("Ndine chipatso chozungulira ndi chofiira, ndipo ndimamera pamtengo, ndine chiyani?")
Mu CP, ndi zaka zotsatirazi, adzachulukitsa zolakwika za kalembedwe "zopusa" zomwe sizingafotokozedwe ndi kuphunzira koyipa kwa malamulo (mwachitsanzo: amalemba "teries" chifukwa cha "mkaka" chifukwa amagawa mawu oipa).
Buku lotithandiza:
“Ndimathandiza mwana wanga yemwe ali ndi vuto la kuwerenga - kuzindikira, kumvetsetsa ndi kuthandizira zovutazo » ndi Marie Coulon, Eyrolles editions, 2019.
Zochuluka mu zitsanzo, malangizo ndi maumboni, bukuli limapereka njira yoyeserera kuthandiza mwanayo pogwira ntchito kunyumba ndipo ndi chida chamtengo wapatali chokambirana ndi akatswiri. Zatsopano kope adalemeretsedwa ndi a buku la ntchito kuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito.
Ndi njira zotani zothanirana ndi vuto la kutha kuwerenga maganizo?
Kaya mayi ndi mbuye angakayikire zotani, kuchedwa kwa chinenero sikuchititsa kuti munthu asamvetse bwino. Samalani kuti musafotokoze chilichonse ndi mawu amatsenga awa! Sizinali mpaka kumapeto kwa CE1, pamene mwanayo anali ndi miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu kuti aphunzire kuwerenga, kuti adziwe bwinobwino. Komabe, mayesero a chinenero amatha kuzindikira vutoli kuchokera ku sukulu ya kindergarten, ndipo ngati mukukayikira, mwanayo adzatumizidwa kwa katswiri wolankhula. THEDokotala amalangizadi kuwunika kwamankhwala olankhulira komanso nthawi zambiri kuyezetsa kwa mafupa, ophthalmological ndi ENT kuti awone ngati mwana akumva bwino, akuwona bwino, ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino a diso… Kuwunika kwa psychomotor nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira.
Ngati zovuta zake zimamupangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa, zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, chithandizo chamaganizo chimakhalanso chofunikira. Pomaliza, chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti mwanayo apitirize kudzidalira ndipo akupitiriza kufuna kuphunzira: dyslexics ndi yabwino kwambiri pa masomphenya a 3D, kotero zingakhale zosangalatsa kumupeza ntchito zamanja kapena kuti azichita masewera.