Dysphonia ndi vuto la mawu lomwe limatha kukhudza mphamvu yake, kukwera kwake, ndi timbre. Ikhoza kukhala ndi mafotokozedwe angapo. Dysphonia imatha makamaka kukhala yotupa, yopweteka, yotupa kapena yamanjenje.

Dysphonia ndi vuto la mawu olankhulidwa lomwe limatha kudziwika ndi:

• kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mawu, ndi mawu ofooka mwa anthu a dysphonic;
• kusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, ndi mawu ozama mwa akazi kapena mawu apamwamba mwa amuna;
• kusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, ndi mawu aukali, osamveka kapena achipongwe.

Kutengera ndi vuto, dysphonia imatha kupezeka:

• kuyambika kwadzidzidzi kapena kwapang'onopang'ono ;
• kusapeza bwino kapena kuchepera.

Mlandu wapadera wa spasmodic dysphonia

Spasmodic dysphonia ndi vuto lapadera la mawu lomwe limapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 50. Zimayambitsa kuphulika kwa zingwe za mawu. Zomwe zimayambitsa spasmodic dysphonia sizikudziwika. Malinga ndi malingaliro ena, zitha kuwoneka kuti vuto la mawuli ndi lochokera m'malingaliro kapena minyewa. Palibe zotupa zakuthupi zomwe zidadziwika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi spasmodic dysphonia.

Dysphonia imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kugwedezeka kwa zingwe za mawu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene m`phuno (chiwalo cha kupuma dongosolo lili pakhosi) kapena mawu zingwe zowonongeka, kutupa kapena kusapeza bwino. Zifukwa zingapo za dysphonia zadziwika:

• inflammations pachimake kapena matenda;
• zotupa zabwino kapena zoipa;
• zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, makamaka m’kholingo;
• matenda amitsempha, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa mitsempha ina yapadera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa

Nthawi zambiri, vuto la mawu limatha kukhala zotsatira za a matenda a laryngitis, kutupa komwe kumakhudza kholingo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya laryngitis ingayambitse dysphonia:

• pachimake wamkulu laryngitis, nthawi zambiri zoyambitsa matenda kapena zoopsa, zomwe zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimatha kuchokera masiku angapo mpaka masabata angapo;
• matenda a laryngitis zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusuta koma zingathenso kuchitika ngati kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kupsa mtima ndi nthunzi kapena fumbi, kutulutsa mawu, matenda a pharyngeal kapena matenda obwerezabwereza amphuno;
• makamaka laryngitis, matenda osowa a m'phuno, kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu, chindoko cha laryngeal, laryngeal sarcoidosis ndi laryngeal mycosis.

Zimayambitsa chotupa chiyambi

Nthawi zina, dysphonia ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zotupa pakhosi:

• zotupa zabwino, monga zotupa za glottic ndi zotupa za supraglottic;
• zotupa zoyipakapena khansa yapakhosi, monga khansa ya m'mawu, khansa ya supraglottic, kapena khansa ya subglottis.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa

Dysphonia ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana za m'phuno monga:

• kuvulala kwakunja kwa kholingo, makamaka panthawi yachisokonezo, fracture kapena dislocation;
• kuvulala kwamkati kwa larynx, makamaka panthawi ya post-intubation granuloma (chotupa cha chikhalidwe chotupa chomwe chimawonetsedwa pambuyo pa intubation), kapena nyamakazi ya crico-arytenoid (kutupa kwa ziwalo za crico-arytenoid zomwe zimapezeka mu larynx);
• zotsatira za opaleshoni pang'ono laryngeal.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mitsempha yamagazi

Matenda angapo a ubongo amatha kufotokoza maonekedwe a dysphonia. Mavutowa akuphatikizapo makamaka:

• matenda a laryngeal palsy chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamagalimoto, makamaka pakachitika zotupa za postoperative kapena chotupa mu chithokomiro, trachea kapena kum'mero;
• matenda a shuga a neuropathies, omwe ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga;
• le Guillain-Barré matenda, matenda a autoimmune omwe amakhudza zotumphukira zamanjenje;
• la ofoola ziwalo, matenda a autoimmune omwe amakhudza dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha;
• matenda a ubongo.

Zotsatira za dysphonia zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, munthu wa dysphonic amakumana ndi vuto polankhulana movutikira kapena kumveka.

Njira ya dysphonia imadalira chiyambi chake. Vuto la mawuli limatha kupitilira koma nthawi zina limatha kupitilira pazovuta kwambiri.

Pankhani ya dysphonia, ndi bwino, momwe mungathere, kuyimitsa zingwe za mawu. Kufunsira kwachipatala kumalimbikitsidwa makamaka pamene vuto la mawu likupitirira kwa sabata.

Kuwongolera zamankhwala kumaphatikizapo kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa dysphonia ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kupita patsogolo. Malinga ndi matenda, mankhwala angapo angaganizidwe. Nthawi zina, gawo lopuma ndilokwanira kuletsa dysphonia. Pazovuta kwambiri, opaleshoni ikhoza kuganiziridwa ndi otolaryngologist.