"Sweden yasiya zinyalala!"
"Anthu aku Scandinavia ali okonzeka kutulutsa zinyalala za anansi!"
Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, ma tabloids padziko lonse lapansi adaphulika motsatizana ndi mitu yofananira. Anthu aku Sweden adabwitsa dziko lapansi. Nthawi ino, osati ndi chigonjetso pa Eurovision kapena Ice Hockey World Championship, koma ndi malingaliro abwino pa chikhalidwe cha munthu. Zinapezeka kuti adaphatikiza zosatheka: adayeretsa chilengedwe ndikupanga ndalama! Koma umu ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino.
Chinsinsi chagona pakukonza masamu a zinyalala zamitundu yonse, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mosamala ndikulekanitsidwa. Ubwino waukulu wa dziko ndi maphunziro onse ndi kulera anthu. Kwa theka la zaka zana, anthu aku Scandinavia apanga kuzindikira za kufooka kwa chilengedwe komanso kuwononga kwa munthu. Zotsatira zake lero:
Banja lirilonse liri ndi zidebe 6-7, zomwe zimapangidwira mosamalitsa mtundu wina wa zinyalala (zitsulo, mapepala, pulasitiki, galasi, komanso zinyalala zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwe);
- palibe pafupifupi zotayiramo zotsalira, ndipo zomwe zasungidwa zimakhala ndi malo ochepa;
Zinyalala zasanduka mafuta.
Panthawi ina, zaka zambiri zopita patsogolo zinapereka zotsatira zowoneka bwino: mwana wasukulu aliyense ku Sweden amadziwa kuti kuchokera ku botolo lake lopanda madzi amchere apanga botolo latsopano ka 7 pokonzanso. Ndiyeno pulasitiki yowonongeka imapita kumalo opangira magetsi ndipo imasinthidwa kukhala maola a kilowatt. Stockholm lero ndi 45% yoperekedwa ndi magetsi kuchokera ku zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso.
Choncho ndi bwino kutolera zinyalala padera kusiyana n’kuzimwaza mozungulira. Mukuganiza chiyani?
Kusukulu ya mkaka, ana amaphunzitsidwa mwamasewera kutaya zinyalala moyenera. Ndiye "masewera" awa akufotokozedwa kuchokera ku sayansi. Zotsatira zake ndi misewu yoyera, chilengedwe chokongola komanso zachilengedwe zabwino kwambiri.
Gulu lalikulu la malo obwezeretsanso zinyalala lapangidwa ku Sweden. Iwo ndi apadera ndipo amapezeka kwa onse okhalamo. Kutumiza zinyalala ikuchitika ndi zoyendera okonzeka katundu inayake. Mu 1961, ntchito yapadera inayambika ku Sweden - njira yapansi panthaka yonyamulira zinyalala. Kamodzi pa tsiku, zinyalala zotayidwa, mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wamphamvu, zimadutsa mumsewu wopita kumalo obwezeretsanso. Apa amasefedwa, kukanikizidwa ndi kutayidwa kapena kusinthidwanso.
Zinyalala zazikulu (TV, zomangira, mipando) zimatengedwa kupita kusiteshoni, komwe zimasanjidwa, kusanjidwa bwino m'magawo. Opanga amagula magawowa ndikupanga ma TV atsopano, zida zomangira ndi mipando.
Komanso bwerani ndi mankhwala. Malo obwezeretsanso mankhwala am'nyumba amalekanitsa zinthuzo ndikuzitumizanso - kaya zobwezeretsanso kapena kupanga zina. Malo apadera opangira mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito m'malo opangira mafuta. Malo osonkhanitsira zinyalala ali pamtunda woyenda. Masiteshoni akulu amayikidwa pamlingo wa 1 station pa 10-15 zikwi okhalamo. Ntchito za malo onse opangira zinthu ndi zaulere kwa anthu. Iyi ndi pulojekiti yachitukuko yanthawi yayitali yoperekedwa ndi boma ndi makampani apadera.
"Deconstruction" ndilo dzina loperekedwa ku pulogalamu yowonongeka ku Sweden. Nyumba yakaleyo imang'ambika m'zigawo, zomwe zimatumizidwa kumalo opangira. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku zida zomangira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zatsopano zimapezedwa zomwe zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi miyezo yapamwamba.
Anthu aku Sweden amalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa kosiyana kwa zinyalala mu "ruble" (korona, euro - izi sizofunikanso kwambiri). Ngakhale m'mudzi wawung'ono, mutha kuwona makina apadera momwe mungayikitsire botolo la pulasitiki ndipo nthawi yomweyo "mutembenuza" kukhala ndalama zolimba. Ndipotu, mumabwezera ndalama zomwe wopanga amaphatikiza pamtengo wamtengo wapatali pa chidebecho - mumangogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okha. Wanzeru, sichoncho?
Sweden 15 zolinga zachilengedwe
1999 Boma la dziko lakumpoto latenga mndandanda wa mfundo 15 zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zipangitse dziko kukhala laukhondo ndi laubwenzi kwa anthu.
1. Mpweya wabwino
2. Madzi apansi apamwamba kwambiri
3. Nyanja ndi ngalande zokhazikika
4. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wa madambo
5. Malo a m'madzi oyenerera
6. Madera okhazikika a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi magulu a zisumbu
7. Palibe eutrophication, makutidwe ndi okosijeni achilengedwe
8. Kulemera ndi kusiyana kwa nkhalango
9. Malo olima okhazikika
10. Madera amapiri aakulu
11. Malo abwino akutawuni
12. Malo opanda poizoni
13. Chitetezo cha radiation
14. Chitetezo cha ozoni
15. Kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwanyengo
Cholinga chake ndikumaliza mndandandawo pofika chaka cha 2020. Kodi mwapanga mndandanda wa zochita zanu zamtsogolo? Kodi mukudziwa mayiko ambiri amene amalemba okha mindandanda yotere?
Kuyambitsidwa kwa njira zamakono zamakono pazigawo zonse za kusonkhanitsa, kusanja ndi kukonza zinyalala kwachititsa kuti dziko la Sweden likhale lodalira kulandila zinyalala nthawi zonse. Nyumba za anthu zimatenthedwa ndikuwotcha zinyalala monga momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimayendera pamtundu uwu wamafuta (kwambiri). Mwamwayi, oyandikana nawo adawonetsa kufunitsitsa kwawo kuthandiza - dziko la Norway lakonzeka kupereka zinyalala mpaka matani 800 pachaka.
Zomera zowotcha zinyalala zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimalowa mumlengalenga (mpaka 1%). Chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha njira yotereyi yokonzekera moyo wa anthu ndizochepa.
Ndipo tsopano mawu a Prime Minister waku Sweden Stefan Loffen, omwe adalankhula ku UN Geassembly, sakumveka bwino tsopano. Loffen adati dziko lake likufuna kukhala dziko loyamba padziko lapansi kuchotsa mafuta oyaka.
Pofika chaka cha 2020, akukonzekera kusamutsa zoyendera za anthu akumatauni kupita kumagalimoto omwe amayenda ndi gasi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi zinyalala zamakampani azakudya.
Chitaganya cha Russia: pafupifupi matani 60 miliyoni a zinyalala zamatauni pachaka. 400 kg pa anthu okhala m'dzikoli. Malinga ndi Avfall Sverige, mu 2015 aliyense wa ku Sweden adatulutsa zinyalala zokwana makilogalamu 478. Zonse pamodzi, zinyalala zopitirira matani 4 miliyoni zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse m’dzikoli.
Mlingo wa processing ndi 7-8%. 90% ya zinyalala zimasungidwa m'malo otsegula. Akatswiri apakhomo aphunzira zomwe zachitika ku Swedish (mwa njira, dzikolo likuitana akatswiri ochokera padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali okonzeka kugawana nawo matekinoloje ake ndi chidziwitso pakutaya zinyalala) ndipo kayendetsedwe kakukonzanso ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala kukuyamba kutsatiridwa.
Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Sweden, zinyalala zili motere:
zobwezeretsanso - 50,6%,
kuyatsa kuti apange mphamvu - 48,6%,
amatumiza ku malo otayirako nthaka - 0,8%.
Zinyalala zokwana matani 2 miliyoni zimawotchedwa chaka chilichonse. Mu 2015, Sweden idatumiza ndikukonza zinyalala zokwana matani 1,3 miliyoni kuchokera ku UK, Ireland ndi Norway.
Zero Waste ndiye mwambi wathu. Tingakonde kupanga zinyalala zochepa, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mwanjira ina. Palibe malire a ungwiro, ndipo ndife okonda kwambiri izi. "
Awa ndi mawu ochokera kwa mkulu wa bungwe la waste and recycling association, Wayne Wykvist.
Anthu a ku Sweden anatsegula dziko la nthano za sayansi. Iwo adayandikira nkhani ya chilengedwe ndi udindo wonse, kuphatikiza maphunziro a anthu, ukadaulo wamafakitale ndi zopambana zasayansi kukhala mphamvu imodzi. Choncho anachotsa zinyalala m’dziko lawo - ndipo tsopano akuthandiza ena. Wina wabizinesi, upangiri wina. Mpaka munthu aliyense atazindikira udindo wawo pakukula kwa zotayiramo, tidzangoyang'ana anthu aku Scandinavia ndikuwasilira.