Chifukwa amaimira 2% yokha ya obadwa, mimba zachinyamata sizimanenedwa kwambiri. Komabe, n’zoona zimene chaka chilichonse zimadetsa nkhaŵa atsikana achichepere mazanamazana amene amakhala amayi achichepere. Dziwani zambiri za zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mimba izi.

Palibe tanthauzo lovomerezeka la "mimba yoyambirira". Nthawi zambiri, timayika cholozera pa ambiri, ndiye kuti zaka 18. Nthawi zina pa 20.

Mavuto obwera chifukwa chokhala ndi pakati ndi pobereka ndi chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa imfa pakati pa atsikana azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 19 padziko lonse lapansi, ikutero WHO (1). Padziko lonse lapansi, atsikana 194 amamwalira tsiku lililonse chifukwa chotenga mimba adakali aang’ono (2), koma kusiyana kwakukulu m’madera kutengera kukula kwa dziko. Chochitika chimenechi chikuwonjezeka kwambiri m’mayiko amene akungotukuka kumene, kumene mtsikana mmodzi pa atatu alionse amakhala ndi pakati asanakwanitse zaka 1. Kupanda chidziwitso ndi maphunziro a kugonana, maukwati okakamizika, nkhanza za kugonana, kusowa kwa njira zolerera, kuletsa kuchotsa mimba kumalongosola ziwerengerozi.

Ku France, zinthu sizili zofanana chifukwa chopeza njira zakulera komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Choncho, malinga ndi ziwerengero za INSEE (3), kubereka kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 24 kukupitirizabe kutsika ndi chiwerengero cha ana a 2,7 pa amayi a 100 mu 2016 (motsutsana ndi zaka 11,5 mu zaka 25-29 ndi ana 12,9 pakati pa 30). - zaka 34). Mu 2015:

• 0,1% mwa ana oyamba anali ndi amayi azaka 15;
• 0,2% mayi wazaka 16;
• 0,5% mayi wazaka 17;
• 0,9% ya zaka 18;
• 1,7% ya zaka 19;
• 2,5% ya zaka 20 (4).

Mimba zachinyamata zimaonedwa kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri osati chifukwa cha zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha unyamata wa thupi, koma chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma zomwe atsikana aang'onowa amasintha komanso makhalidwe omwe ali pachiopsezo nthawi zambiri m'zaka izi. Komanso, chifukwa amanyalanyaza mimba yawo (mwachidziwitso kapena ayi), amazindikira mochedwa kapena akufuna kubisa, kuyang'anira mimba nthawi zambiri sikukwanira kapena mochedwa. Azimayi am'tsogolowa sapindula ndi uphungu ndi kuyezetsa komwe kumaperekedwa poyang'anira mimba.

Mu lipoti lake lokhudza mimba ndi kubereka muunyamata, French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (5) ikusonyeza, komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto amtundu wa pre-eclampsia sikunawonekere (2,7%) kapena kutaya magazi. (5,4%) m'gulu lazaka izi.

Kuperewera kwa chisamaliro cha usana, khalidwe loika moyo pachiswe komanso chikhalidwe cha amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zamtsogolo amaika mwanayo ku zoopsa zina. Zovuta ziwiri zazikuluzikulu ndikubadwa kocheperako komanso kusakhwima. Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika pakati pa 1996 ndi 2003 pachipatala cha Jean Verdier (93), omwe adatsata mimba ya atsikana 328 azaka zapakati pa 12 mpaka 18, adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa 8,8%. "Zovuta zazikulu ziwirizi zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndikutsatira mochedwa komanso" kutulutsa "makhalidwe a mimba yokhudzana ndi kusakhalapo kwa chitetezo chathupi kapena zakudya, kupitiliza, kapenanso kuwonjezereka kwa chizolowezi choledzeretsa. », Ikuwonetsa CNGOF (6).

Chiwopsezo cha IUGR (intrauterine kukula retardation) chimakhalanso chokulirapo mukakhala ndi pakati, ndi kuchuluka kwa 13%, kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri (7). Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina wa ku America (8), makanda omwe ali ndi amayi osapitirira zaka 20 amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda kuwirikiza ka 11 kuposa omwe amawonedwa pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri, pakati pa zaka 25 ndi 30. Apanso, kukhudzana kwa mwana wosabadwayo ku zinthu zapoizoni (mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, fodya) ndizo makamaka chifukwa.

Kubereka komweko, kumbali ina, kumaonedwa kuti ndi kotetezeka pokhapokha ngati mimbayo izindikiridwe kuti ntchito ina yolerera ichitike mwanayo asanabwere, zimasonyeza CNGOF (9).