Zamkatimu
Eid al-Fitr ndi dzina lanthawi zonse la anthu aku Turkic patchuthi chopatulika cha Eid al-Fitr, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti "Phwando Loswa Kusala". Patsikuli, Asilamu okhulupirika amakondwerera kutha kwa kusala kudya kwakutali komanso kovuta kwambiri m'mwezi wa Ramadan. Kwa masiku khumi ndi awiri, okhulupirira amakana kudya ndi kumwa masana. Pokhapokha pambuyo pa pemphero la m'mawa pa tsiku la Eid al-Fitr ndi zoletsa zokhwima zimachotsedwa, ndipo mbale zilizonse zololedwa ndi Islam zikhoza kuikidwa patebulo.
Kodi Eid al-Fitr ndi liti mu 2023
Asilamu samangoganizira za dzuwa, koma pa kalendala yoyendera mwezi, kotero tsiku la Eid al-Fitr limasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Mu 2023, phwando la kuswa lidachitika 21 April, kuti zikhale zomveka bwino, zimayamba dzuwa litalowa usiku wa April 21 - tsiku loyamba la mwezi watsopano.
M'mayiko achisilamu, Uraza Bayram, komanso Eid al-Adha, ndi tsiku lopuma, ndipo m'mayiko ena amakondwerera masiku angapo motsatizana. M'dziko Lathu, akuluakulu aboma atha kudziwitsa okha tsiku lopuma patchuthi chachipembedzo. Chifukwa chake, Epulo 21, 2023 idalengezedwa kuti ndi tchuthi ku Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Karachevo-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea ndi Republic of Crimea.
mbiri ya tchuthi
Eid al-Fitr ndi imodzi mwatchuthi zakale kwambiri za Asilamu. Chikondwererochi chinkachitika kalekale m’nthawi ya Mneneri Muhammadi, m’chaka cha 624. M’Chiarabu, amatchedwa Eid al-Fitr, lomwe limamasuliridwa kuti “holide yoswa kudya.” M'zinenero za Turkic, dzina lake linachokera ku liwu la Persian "Ruza" - "fast" ndi liwu la Turkey "Bayram" - "tchuthi".
Mwambo wokondwerera Eid al-Fitr wafalikira pamodzi ndi kupita patsogolo kwa Chisilamu, kuyambira nthawi ya Caliphate ya Aarabu. Matebulo achikondwerero pa Eid al-Fitr adayikidwa mu Ufumu wa Ottoman, Egypt, mayiko aku North Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan ndi mayiko ena. Pa nthawi yomweyi, tchuthi loswa kusala kudya ndi lofunika mofanana kwa onse a Sunnis ndi Shiites.
Miyambo ya tchuthi
Pali miyambo yambiri yozungulira Eid al-Fitr. Choncho, okhulupirira amayamikirana wina ndi mzake ndi mawu otchuka akuti "Eid Mubarak!", Zomwe zikutanthauza "Ndikufuna tchuthi chodala!". Mwambo wofunikira kwambiri ndikulipira zachifundo zapadera - Zakat al-Fitr. Zingakhale zonse chakudya ndi ndalama zomwe Asilamu amatumiza kwa anthu ovutika kwambiri m'dera lomwelo - odwala, osauka, ndi omwe ali m'moyo wovuta.
Mwina chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha Eid al-Fitr ndi tebulo lodzaza. Pambuyo pa kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali komanso kovuta kwambiri, pomwe Asilamu adakana chakudya ndi madzi, amapeza mwayi wodya ndi kumwa chilichonse, nthawi iliyonse. Zachidziwikire, kupatula zakudya zopanda halal ndi mowa zoletsedwa mu Chisilamu. Koma mutha kuyambitsa chakudya pokhapokha mutapemphera pamodzi - Eid-namaz.
Sut Uraza - tchuthi
Kuphatikiza pa miyambo wamba, malamulo angapo ayenera kutsatiridwa panthawi ya chikondwerero cha Eid al-Fitr.
Kukonzekera tchuthi kumayamba dzulo lake. Okhulupirira amatsuka nyumba ndi mabwalo awo komanso kuphika mbale zachikondwerero. Tchuthi chisanachitike, Asilamu amachita kusamba kwathunthu, kuvala zovala zawo zabwino kwambiri ndikupita kukachezera achibale (kuphatikizapo manda a womwalirayo) ndi abwenzi, kuwapatsa mphatso, kumwetulira ndi kuyamika.
Pemphero la pamodzi nthawi zambiri limachitika osati m'misikiti yokha, komanso m'mabwalo omwe ali kutsogolo kwawo, ndipo nthawi zina m'mabwalo akuluakulu pakati pa mzinda. Pemphero la tchuthi limatha ndi pempho kwa Allah, pamene imam akupempha Wamphamvuyonse kuti akhululukire machimo ndikupereka madalitso.
Pambuyo pa pempheroli, okhulupirira amapita ku nyumba zawo, komwe kuli matebulo okhala ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa. Palibe maupangiri kapena malamulo osiyana omwe amawongolera menyu ya tchuthi. Koma akukhulupirira kuti pa Eid al-Fitr ndi chizolowezi kuphika mbale zawo zabwino kwambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kuletsa zakudya zopanda halal, monga nkhumba, kumagwirabe ntchito. Mowa kwa Msilamu wokhulupirira ndi woletsedwanso kotheratu.
Zomwe mungathe komanso zomwe simungathe kuchita pa Eid al-Fitr
Pambuyo pa tsiku loswali, Asilamu amaloledwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zidaletsedwa kusala m'mwezi wa Ramadhani:
- mukhoza kudya ndi kumwa masana,
- mukhoza kusuta ndi kununkhiza fodya masana, koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti chipembedzo chimafuna kusamalira thanzi lanu ndipo m'pofunika kupewa zimenezi.
Zomwe simuyenera kuchita patchuthi cha Eid al-Adha:
- osagwira ntchito zapakhomo
- sayenera kugwira ntchito m'munda,
- ubale ndi achibale ndi mabwenzi suyenera kuwononga; Kutukwana pa Eid al-Fitr kumatsutsidwa mu Islam.