One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ndi mafilimu ndi mabuku ena amawonetsa chithandizo cha electroconvulsive ngati chankhanza komanso chankhanza. Komabe, katswiri wa zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti zinthu nzosiyana ndipo nthawi zina njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda oopsa amisala. Ndipo samagwiritsa ntchito "m'mayiko achitatu omwe ali ndi mavuto ndi mankhwala", koma ku USA, Austria, Canada, Germany ndi mayiko ena olemera.
Njirayi imadziwika kwambiri m'magulu amisala komanso ku Russia. Koma si nthawi zonse zimene odwala akudziwa zokhudza iyeyo. Pali tsankho ndi nthano zambiri kuzungulira ECT kotero kuti anthu safuna kufufuza malingaliro ena.
Ndani anayambitsa izi?
Mu 1938, akatswiri amisala a ku Italy Lucio Bini ndi Hugo Cerletti anayesa kuchiza catatonia (psychopathological syndrome) ndi magetsi. Ndipo tinapeza zotsatira zabwino. Ndiye panali zoyeserera zambiri zosiyanasiyana, malingaliro okhudza chithandizo cha electroshock adasintha. Poyamba, chiyembekezo chachikulu chinayikidwa pa njirayo. Kenako, kuyambira m'ma 1960, chidwi chake chachepa, ndipo psychopharmacology idayamba kukula mwachangu. Ndipo pofika zaka za m'ma 1980, ECT "inakonzedwanso" ndipo inapitiriza kufufuzidwa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima.
Pamene kuli kofunikira?
Tsopano zisonyezo za ECT zitha kukhala matenda ambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, schizophrenia. Zoonadi, matendawo akangopezeka, palibe amene angadodometse munthu. Izi ndi zosayenera kunena pang'ono. Poyamba, njira yamankhwala imayikidwa. Koma ngati mapiritsi sathandiza, ndiye kuti n'zotheka ndipo ngakhale kofunika kuyesa njira iyi. Koma, ndithudi, mwatsatanetsatane njira ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri. M'zochitika zapadziko lonse, izi zimafuna kupeza chilolezo chodziwitsidwa ndi wodwalayo. Kupatulapo amapangidwa kokha pazovuta kwambiri komanso zachangu.
Nthawi zambiri, ECT imathandizira pakuwonera ziwonetsero komanso zachinyengo. Kodi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi chiyani, ndikuganiza kuti mukudziwa. Mu schizophrenia, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mawu. Koma osati nthawi zonse. Pakhoza kukhala zomverera za kukhudza, ndi kulawa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, ndipo ngakhale zooneka, pamene munthu aona chinachake kwenikweni palibe (kuti tisasokonezedwe ndi zongopeka, pamene ife kulakwitsa chitsamba galu ziwanda mu mdima).
Delirium ndi vuto lamalingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amayamba kuganiza kuti ndi membala wa dipatimenti yachinsinsi ya boma ndipo azondi akumutsatira. Moyo wake wonse pang’onopang’ono umakhala pansi pa maganizo oterowo. Ndiyeno nthawi zambiri amapita kuchipatala. Ndi zizindikiro izi, ECT imagwira ntchito bwino. Koma, ndikubwereza, nthawi zambiri mukhoza kulowa mu ndondomeko pokhapokha ngati mapiritsi alibe zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Electroconvulsive therapy ikuchitika pansi pa anesthesia. Munthuyo samamva kalikonse.
Electroconvulsive therapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda a bipolar affective disorder. Mwachidule, awa ndi matenda omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Munthu amakhala ndi zokumana nazo zopsinjika tsiku lonse, palibe chomwe chimamusangalatsa kapena chomusangalatsa. M'malo mwake, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala zosatheka kupirira.
Anthu amasintha anthu ogonana nawo mosalekeza, amatenga ngongole kuti akagule zosafunikira, kapena amapita ku Bali osauza aliyense kapena kusiya cholembera. Ndipo magawo a manic sizovuta nthawi zonse kuchiza ndi mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, ECT ikhozanso kupulumutsa.
Nzika zina zimakonda zinthu izi zomwe zimatsagana ndi matenda a bipolar, koma kwenikweni ndizovuta kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zonse amatha kukhumudwa kwambiri, momwe palibe chabwino chilichonse.
ECT imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mania yayamba pa nthawi ya mimba. Chifukwa muyezo mankhwala mankhwala pafupifupi nthawi zonse kwathunthu contraindicated.
Pakuvutika maganizo kwakukulu, ECT ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma sichichitika kawirikawiri.
Izi zimachitika bwanji
Electroconvulsive therapy ikuchitika pansi pa anesthesia. Munthuyo samamva kalikonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsitsimula za minofu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti wodwalayo asasunthe miyendo kapena mikono. Amagwirizanitsa maelekitirodi, ayambe kangapo kangapo - ndipo ndizo. Munthu amadzuka, ndipo patatha masiku atatu ndondomekoyi ikubwerezedwa. Maphunzirowa amakhala ndi magawo khumi.
Sikuti aliyense amapatsidwa ECT, kwa odwala ena pali zotsutsana. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala zovuta zamtima, matenda ena amitsempha, komanso matenda amisala (mwachitsanzo, kusokoneza bongo). Koma adotolo amauza aliyense za izi ndipo, poyambira, atumize kukayezetsa.