Zololeza zabanja: 10 zapamwamba zomwe zachilendo kudziwa

Nthawi zina zimatengedwa mopepuka ku France, mwatsoka sizinakhalepo ndipo mwina sizingakhalepo kwa aliyense. Malipiro a banja ndi thandizo loperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ana omwe amawadalira, ndalama zake ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pano pali mwachidule mbiri ya malipiro a mabanja ku France, miyeso yayikulu yomwe yachitika kuyambira pomwe adalengedwa, ndalama zawo kapena mtengo wawo. Zokwanira dziwani zambiri za zothandizira izi zomwe timalandira mwezi uliwonse, ndipo bwanji, kuwala ndi chidziwitso chanu pa chakudya chotsatira aperitif ndi makolo!

Kholo wa malipiro a banja anabadwa cha m'ma 1916

Ku France mu 1916, injiniya wina wotchedwa Emile Romanet, yemwenso anali Mkatolika wachangu, anachita kafukufuku pakati pa antchito pafakitale yake ku Grenoble. Iye amazindikira zimenezo pamene mabanja aakulu, amavutika kwambiri kupeza zofunika pa moyo, kuti apeze ndalama. Potsimikiza za chidwi cha olemba ntchito kuti apereke thandizo kwa antchito awo, adatsimikizira bwana wake, Joanny Joya, kuti adziwe "bonasi ya maudindo a banja", owerengedwa malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ana panyumba. Kholo la malipiro a banja linabadwa. Poyembekezera zofuna za ogwira ntchito m'mafakitole oyandikana nawo, Emile Romanet atsimikizira mabwana amabizinesi akumaloko kuti adzikonzekere kuti asanyanyale. Mafakitale asanu adapanga pa Epulo 29, 1918, thumba la Malipiro, thumba lachiwiri lamtunduwu lodziwika ku France, loyamba kukhazikitsidwa chaka chomwecho ku Lorient, Brittany.

Lamulo loyamba lomwe linaperekedwa mu 1932

Mu 1928 ndi 1930 lamulo la inshuwaransi yokhudzana ndi matenda, ukalamba ndi kusavomerezeka linaperekedwa. Kenako, mu 1932, Lamulo la Landry limapereka malipiro a mabanja kwa onse ogwira ntchito m'makampani ndi zamalonda, popangitsa kuti olemba anzawo ntchito alowe m'thumba la chipukuta misozi. Koma kulowererapo kwa boma kuli kochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malipiro kumasiyana kuchokera ku dipatimenti ina kupita ku ina. Boma silinatenge ndalama za mabanja mpaka 1945, pokhazikitsa Social Security.

Muyeso wolumikizidwa mwapang'ono ndi kuchepa kwa kubadwa

Mwa zina zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi Akatolika, makamaka ndi gulu lachikristu la chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndalama zolandirira mabanja zidawonekera makamaka m'ma 1930s. njira yobwezera kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kubadwa ku France pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu. France ndiye idakumana ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa, komanso kubadwa kocheperako, zomwe zidayika mchira wa Europe potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Limbikitsani a French kukhala ndi ana Choncho n'kofunika kuti tithe kusintha khalidwe lodetsa nkhawali, lomwe makamaka limakhudza ndondomeko yabwino ya banja.

Zomwe ndalama zolandirira zimangoyambira 2015

Mpaka 2015, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zapabanja zomwe makolo amalandila sanakhazikitsidwe molingana ndi chuma chapakhomo. Mwachionekere, banja la mabwanamkubwa kapena antchito angapo aliyense wokhala ndi ana aŵiri analandira ndalama zofanana ngakhale kuti sanali kulandira malipiro ofanana nkomwe.

Mu 1996, Alain Juppé, yemwe anali nduna yayikulu pansi pa utsogoleri wa Jacques Chirac, adakhazikitsa mwala padziwe polengeza za kusinkhasinkha. ndalama zapabanja zoyesedwa, popanda chipambano. Lingaliro la muyeso wotere linayambikanso mu 1997 ndi Lionel Jospin, koma kachiwiri, muyeso uwu sudzagwiritsidwa ntchito, pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha banja.

Zinalibe mpaka 2014, pansi pa François Hollande, kuti malipiro a banja omwe amayesedwa adzabwezeretsedwa patebulo, kuti avomerezedwe motsimikizika pa July 15, 2015. Kuyambira tsikuli, malipiro a banja adzachepetsedwa ndi theka kwa makolo a ana awiri omwe amapeza ndalama zopitirira 6 euro pamwezi (64 mayuro m'malo mwa 129), ndi ndi anayi kwa iwo omwe amalandira ndalama zoposa 8 euro pamwezi (mayuro 32 m'malo mwa 129), mtengo wandalama ukukwezedwa ndi ma euro 500 pa mwana wowonjezera.

Nthambi yabanja ya Social Security: osachepera ma euro 500 miliyoni akusowa

Izi sizongopeka: kuchepa kwa Social Security ku France kukukulirakulira, ngakhale boma lililonse lotsatizana kwazaka zambiri lakhala likuyesera kuchepetsa. Malingana ndi deta yochokera ku Social Security Accounts Commission, kuchepa kwake kunali pafupi ndi 4,4 biliyoni mu 2017.nthambi yabanja ya Social Security, yomwe imaphatikizapo ndalama zapabanja, siimene ili ndi zotsalira zazikulu.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha tsiku ndi tsiku Le Monde, nthambi ya banja idzapita "kubiriwira" kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira 2007, mpaka 500 miliyoni euro mu 2017 motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa mabiliyoni a euro mu 2016. Nthambi ya banja la Social Security ndithudi akadali osowa, koma ocheperapo kuposa nthambi zina monga ngozi zapantchito (mayuro 800 miliyoni), ndi ukalamba (mayuro 1,5 biliyoni).

France inali yabwino poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena aku Europe

Kaya timakonda kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro a banja kapena, mosiyana, tikufuna kuwawona achepetsedwa, sitingathe kukana kuti dziko la France likuyenda bwino malinga ndi ndondomeko ya banja. Ngakhale ndalamazo zimakhala zochulukirapo ku Germany komanso kumayiko ena aku Scandinavia, maiko ena monga Italy, Spain kapena United Kingdom akhazikitsa. zoletsa kwambiri ndalama. Ndipo pakati pa ena oyandikana nawo ku Europe, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ana ndi chocheperapo ku France, ngakhale ndi ife mwana woyamba sapereka ufulu wa malipiro aliwonse. Ngati tisonkhanitsa pamodzi chithandizo chonse chabanja chomwe chilipo ku France (tchuthi cha makolo, malipiro a banja, tchuthi cha amayi oyembekezera, ndi zina zotero), ndondomeko ya banja imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri. France ikuwonetsanso imodzi mwachiŵerengero chapamwamba cha ntchito za akazi ku Ulaya, ndi chiŵerengero cha kubadwa chokulirapo kuposa oyandikana nawo ambiri, mwina chifukwa cha thandizo loperekedwa kwa mabanja.

Chowonjezera cha banja, chithandizo cha mwana wachitatu

Kum'mwera kwa France, a chowonjezera cha banja (CF) imapangidwira mabanja omwe ali ndi ana osachepera atatu omwe amadalira onse azaka zosachepera 3 ndi pansi pa 21. Wopangidwa mu Januwale 1978, chowonjezera cha banja ndicho chofunikira kwambiri kwa mwana wachitatu. Chowonjezera cha banja chimaloŵa m’malo mwa malipiro a malipiro a munthu mmodzi, ndalama za amayi okhala pakhomo ndi ndalama zothandizira ana.

Mu Disembala 2016, idaperekedwa kwa mabanja 826, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a banja la kholo limodzi. Ndalama zoyambira ndi € 600, zomwe zitha kuonjezedwa mpaka € 170,71 kwa mabanja omwe ndalama zawo sizidutsa denga linalake.

2014: muyeso wa tchuthi cha makolo kulimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Monga gawo la chigamulo chokhudza kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi motsogozedwa ndi Ms. Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, yemwe anali nduna ya Ufulu wa Akazi pansi pa utsogoleri wa François Hollande, kusintha kwakukulu kwa tchuthi cha makolo kwachitika, ndipo kunayamba kugwira ntchito mu July 2014. Patsiku lino, makolo a mwana mmodzi yekha, amene mpaka pamenepo anali ndi ufulu miyezi 6 yopuma, akhoza kutenga kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi malinga ngati kholo linalo lichoke. Mwachiwonekere, tchuthicho chikuwonjezeka kwa miyezi 12 pokhapokha nthawiyi ikugawidwa mofanana pakati pa makolo awiriwo. Kuchokera kwa mwana wachiwiri, tchuthi cha makolo nthawi zonse chimakhala kwa zaka zitatu, koma thandizo la CAF limalipiridwa mpaka mwanayo ali ndi zaka 3 ngati ligawidwa pakati pa makolo awiriwo: miyezi 24 yochuluka kwa kholo limodzi ndi miyezi 12 kwa makolo. kholo lina, monga gawo la Ubwino Wogawana Maphunziro a Ana (PreParE). Cholinga: kulimbikitsa abambo kutenga tchuthi cha makolo kuti asamalire mwana wawo wakhanda.

Kumapeto kwa universality of family allowance?

Ili ndi funso lomwe limabwera nthawi zonse patebulo, mosasamala kanthu za ndale za maboma osiyanasiyana. Mpaka pano, ngati malipiro a banja ali ndi ndalama zomwe zimatengera ndalama zomwe mabanja amapeza, amakhalabe onse: makolo onse a ku France, kaya ali ndani, amalandira malipiro a banja, ngakhale ndalamazo zikusiyana malinga ndi momwe amapezera.

Pa nthawi yomwe kuli kofunikira kupeza njira zochepetsera kuchepa kwa Social Security, maiko onse a malipiro a mabanja amadzutsa mafunso. Kodi banja limene limalandira ndalama zopitirira mayuro 10 pamwezi likufunikiradi thandizo la mayuro ochepa chabe kuti alere ana awo?

Mu Marichi 2018, Guillaume Chiche, wachiwiri kwa LREM ku Deux-Sèvres, mogwirizana ndi wachiwiri kwa LR ku Ille-et-Vilaine Gilles Lurton, adayenera kupereka lipoti lokhala ndi malingaliro okhudza mfundo zabanja zaku France. Koma ngati atapangidwa (othandizira akanakhala ovuta kupeza zomwe akugwirizana nazo), mfundo zawo sizinapangitse phokoso lalikulu panthawiyi ndipo sizinaperekebe ndalama.

Ndani amapereka ndalama zolipirira zolipirira banja?

Mu 2016, ma euro 84,3 biliyoni adalipidwa ndi Family Allowance Funds (Caf) ndi Central Agricultural Social Mutual Funds (Ccmsa) monga mapindu azamalamulo. Kuchuluka kwandalama kumeneku kumaphatikizapo magulu atatu: zopindulitsa zomwe zimangotengera kukhalapo kwa mwana, phindu la nyumba, maubwino okhudzana ndi mgwirizano ndi kuthandizira pazochitika. Ponena za ndalama zapabanja, izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe omwe amaperekedwa ndi olemba anzawo ntchito, mpaka 5,25% kapena 3,45% kutengera ntchito. Zina zonse zimachokera ku CSG (zopereka zapagulu, zomwe zimaperekedwanso pama payslip) ndi misonkho. Mwachionekere, Mfalansa aliyense wokangalika amapereka ndalama zolipirira banja pang’ono.

magwero:

• https://www.caf.fr/sites/default/files/cnaf/Documents/Dser/essentiel/Essentiel_depensesPresta_ESSENTIEL.pdf
• https://www.urssaf.fr/portail/home/employeur/calculer-les-cotisations/les-taux-de-cotisations/la-cotisation-dallocations-famil.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/decouverte-institutions/protection-sociale/politique-familiale/comment-branche-famille-securite-sociale-est-elle-financee.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/famille/chronologie/
• http://www.slate.fr/story/137699/emile-romanet-inventa-allocations-familiales