Chikumbu cha ndowe (Coprinellus micaceus) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Chikumbu cha ndowe ( Coprinellus micaceus )

• Agaricus micaceus ng'ombe
• Agaricus anasonkhana Sowerby sense

Dzina lapano: Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Taxon 50 (1): 234 (2001)

Chikumbu ndi bowa wodziwika bwino komanso wokongola, wafalikira ku makontinenti onse. Imamera m’magulu pamitengo yovunda, ngakhale kuti nkhunizo zikhoza kukwiriridwa, kupangitsa mafangayi kuwoneka ngati akukula kuchokera pansi. Kuthwanima kumatha kusiyanitsa ndi ndowe zina ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta mica tomwe timakongoletsa zisoti za bowa wachichepere (ngakhale mvula nthawi zambiri imatsuka ma granules). Mtundu wa kapu umasintha ndi zaka kapena nyengo, koma kawirikawiri ndi uchi-bulauni kapena mthunzi wa amber, wopanda imvi.

Chilichonse sichili chophweka ndi kachilombo ka Flickering Dong, mofanana ndi Domestic Dung Bean ndi "mapasa" ake, Radiant Dung Bean (Coprinellus radians). Kachikumbu wa Twinkling Dung alinso ndi mapasa… Kumasulira kwaulere kuchokera ku Kuo:

Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe a macroscopic pansipa akufanana ndi mitundu ingapo yovomerezeka, yonse yomwe imatchedwa "Coprinus micaceus" m'mabuku owongolera. Mwalamulo, Coprinellus micaceus ayenera kukhala ndi calocystidia (ndipo motero tsinde laubweya kwambiri) ndi mitriform (chipewa cha bishopu). Mosiyana ndi izi, Coprinellus truncorum ili ndi tsinde losalala (motero palibe calocystidia) komanso ma elliptical spores. Zotsatira zoyambirira za DNA zolembedwa ndi Ko et al. (2001) akuwonetsa kuthekera kwakuti Coprinellus micaceus ndi Coprinellus truncorum ali ofanana mwachibadwa-ngakhale izi zimangowonekera mu Keirle et al. (2004), omwe amasonyeza kuti zitsanzo ziwiri za "Coprinellus micaceus" zomwe zinayesedwa ndi Ko et al. Poyamba adadziwika kuti Coprinellus truncorum.

Koma ngakhale uku ndi kafukufuku chabe, mitundu iyi sinatchulidwebe mwalamulo (kuyambira Okutobala 2021).

mutu: 2-5 cm, chowulungika akali aang'ono, chotambasuka mpaka chopindika kapena chowoneka ngati belu, nthawi zina chokhala ndi m'mphepete pang'ono komanso/kapena zopindika. Mtundu wa kapu ndi uchi wa bulauni, buff, amber kapena nthawi zina wopepuka, wocheperako komanso wotuwa ndi ukalamba, makamaka m'mphepete. Mphepete mwa kapuyo ndi malata kapena nthiti, pafupifupi theka la radius kapena kupitilira apo.

Chipewa chonsecho chimakutidwa kwambiri ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono-granules, ofanana ndi zidutswa za mica kapena ngale, ndizoyera komanso zowoneka bwino pakuwala kwa dzuwa. Amatha kutsukidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ndi mvula kapena mame, chifukwa chake, mu bowa wakula, chipewa nthawi zambiri chimakhala "maliseche".

mbale: omasuka kapena ofooka, pafupipafupi, opapatiza, opepuka, oyera mu bowa aang'ono, pambuyo pake imvi, bulauni, bulauni, kenako amatembenukira wakuda ndi blub, kusandulika "inki" wakuda, koma nthawi zambiri osati kwathunthu, koma pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa kapu. . M'nyengo yowuma komanso yotentha kwambiri, zipewa za ndowe zonyezimira zimatha kuuma popanda kukhala ndi nthawi yosungunuka mu "inki".

mwendoKutalika: 2-8 cm ndi 3-6 mm wandiweyani. Pakati, ngakhale, yosalala mpaka tsitsi labwino kwambiri. White ponseponse, fibrous, dzenje.

Pulp: kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zoyera, zoonda, zofewa, zowonongeka, zamtundu mu tsinde.

Kununkhira ndi kukoma: Popanda mawonekedwe.

Kusintha kwa mankhwala: Ammonia amadetsa thupi la ndowe zonyezimira mumtundu wofiirira kapena pinki.

Chizindikiro cha ufa wa spore: wakuda.

Makhalidwe a Microscopic:

Mikangano 7-11 x 4-7 µm, subelliptical to mitriform (yofanana ndi miter ya atsogoleri achipembedzo), yosalala, yoyenda, yokhala ndi pobo yapakati.

Bazidi 4-spored, atazunguliridwa ndi 3-6 brachybasidia.

Saprophyte, matupi a fruiting amapangidwa m'magulu, nthawi zina aakulu kwambiri, pamitengo yovunda. Zindikirani: Mitengo imatha kukwiriridwa pansi kwambiri, titero mizu yakufa, kupangitsa bowa kuoneka pamwamba pa nthaka.

Spring, chilimwe ndi autumn, mpaka chisanu. Zofala kwambiri m'mizinda, m'minda, m'mapaki, mayadi ndi m'mphepete mwa misewu, komanso zimapezeka m'nkhalango. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku makontinenti onse kumene kuli nkhalango kapena zitsamba. Mvula itatha, madera akuluakulu "amawombera", amatha kukhala pamtunda wa mamita angapo.

Kachikumbu konyezimira, monganso ndowe zonse zofanana, zimadyedwa akadali aang'ono, mpaka mbale zitasanduka zakuda. Zipewa zokha zimadyedwa, chifukwa miyendo, ngakhale kuti ndi yopyapyala kwambiri, imatha kutafunidwa moyipa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ulusi.

Pre-kuwira tikulimbikitsidwa, pafupi mphindi 5 zowira.

Bowa ayenera kuphikidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pokolola, chifukwa ndondomeko ya autolysis idzachitika ngati bowa wakolola kapena kupitiriza kukula.

Pali tizilombo ta ndowe zambiri zokhala ndi matani a bulauni, ndipo zonse ndi zofanana kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe ndi zazikulu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana, choyamba, kupezeka kapena kusakhalapo kwa ulusi wa brownish pagawo lomwe bowa amamera. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "ozonium". Ngati zili choncho, tili ndi kachilombo ka ndowe, kapena mtundu wapafupi ndi Kachikumbu. Mndandanda wa mitundu yofananayo udzawonjezeredwa ndi kusinthidwa m'nkhani yakuti "Chikumbu cham'nyumba".

Chikumbu ( Coprinellus domesticus )

Ndipo zamoyo zofanana ndi izo zimasiyana ndi zomwe "zofanana ndi Flickering" ndi kukhalapo kwa ozonium - zokutira zofiira zofiira ngati mawonekedwe a hyphae osakanikirana, "carpet" iyi ikhoza kukhala malo aakulu kwambiri.

Ngati kulibe ozonium, ndiye kuti mwina tili ndi mtundu umodzi wamtundu womwe uli pafupi ndi kachilomboka, ndiyeno muyenera kuyang'ana kukula kwa bowa ndi mtundu wa granules zomwe chipewa "chokonkhedwa". Koma ichi ndi chizindikiro chosadalirika.

Chikumbu cha ndowe za shuga ( Coprinellus saccharinus )

Chipewacho chimakutidwa ndi mamba oyera oyera, osanyezimira, onyezimira. Pang'onopang'ono, kusiyana kwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a spores ndi ellipsoidal kapena ovoid, miter yocheperako poyerekeza ndi Flickering.

Chikumbu cha msondodzi ( Coprinellus truncorum )

Zimasiyana ndi chipewa chopindika, pamwamba pake, kuwonjezera pa "nthiti" zomwe zimafala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, palinso "mapangidwe" akuluakulu. Chophimba pachipewacho ndi choyera, chabwino, osati chonyezimira

Kambuku ( Coprinellus silvaticus )

Spores ndi ovoid komanso mawonekedwe a amondi. Chophimba pa chipewa chimakhala ndi ma toni amtundu wa dzimbiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono komanso tokhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ngati ozoniyo sakufotokozedwa momveka bwino, bowa sali wamng'ono, ndipo chophimba ("granules") pa chipewa chadetsedwa kapena kutsukidwa ndi mvula, ndiye kuti chizindikiritso cha macro-mbali sichingatheke, chifukwa chirichonse. china ndi kukula kwa matupi fruiting, zachilengedwe, fruiting misa ndi mtundu. zisoti - zizindikiro ndizosadalirika komanso zimadutsana kwambiri ndi mitundu iyi.

Kanema wonena za chikumbu cha ndowe za bowa:

Chithunzi: kuchokera ku mafunso omwe ali mu "Qualifier".