Zamkatimu
Anthu ambiri lerolino samawona chimfine kukhala matenda oopsa, popeza katemera wapangidwa motsutsana nawo, ndipo ma pharmacies amagulitsa mankhwala ambiri omwe amalonjeza "kuchotsa zizindikiro za chimfine ndi chimfine" m'masiku angapo chabe. Koma chokumana nacho chomvetsa chisoni cha zaka mazana apitacho, mwachitsanzo, mliri wodziŵika kwambiri wa chimfine cha ku Spain, akutikumbutsa kuti ameneŵa ndi matenda obisika, owopsa. Ndipo pali mankhwala ochepa ogwira ntchito omwe amatha kupondereza kachilomboka.1.
Mpaka pano, chimfine ndi chowopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda ndiyo kulandira katemera pa nthawi yake.
Katemera wa chimfine m'dziko lathu ali m'gulu la National kalendala wa njira vaccinations2. Aliyense amapatsidwa katemera pachaka, koma pali magulu ena omwe katemerayu ndi wovomerezeka. Awa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi maphunziro mabungwe, zoyendera, zothandiza anthu.
Komwe mungapeze chimfine ku Russia
Katemera amachitikira m'zipatala ndi m'mabungwe apadera azachipatala. Katemera amaperekedwa intramuscularly kumtunda kwa mkono.
Kawirikawiri, katemera wopangidwa ku Russia amaperekedwa kwaulere (pamene katemera amaperekedwa m'zipatala zamatauni, pansi pa ndondomeko ya MHI), ngati mukufuna kupanga wina wachilendo, malipiro ena angafunikire. Palibe chifukwa chokonzekera ndondomekoyi - chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti palibe zizindikiro za matenda ena, ngakhale chimfine3.
Ku Russia, anthu ochepa amalandila katemera, mpaka 37% ya anthu. M’maiko ena, zinthu nzosiyana, mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pafupifupi theka la anthu amatemera katemera wa chimfine.
Kodi katemera wa chimfine amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Chitetezo cha mthupi pambuyo pa chimfine chimakhala chosakhalitsa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kwa nyengo imodzi yokha - katemera wotsatira sadzatetezanso chimfine. Pokhapokha mu 20 - 40% ya milandu, chimfine chowombera nyengo yatha chidzathandiza. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kachilomboka m'chilengedwe, nthawi zonse zimasintha. Choncho, katemera wapachaka amachitidwa, pamene katemera watsopano wa nyengoyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.4.
Kodi katemera wa fuluwenza ku Russia ndi chiyani?
Katemera woyamba adapangidwa kuchokera ku ma virus osakhazikika, ndipo ena anali "amoyo". Pafupifupi kuwombera kwamakono kwa chimfine ndi katemera wopangidwa kuchokera ku ma virus "ophedwa". Ma virus a chimfine amakula pamiluza ya nkhuku, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chingatheke kudwala - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nkhuku.
Ku Russia, pali mwambo wosakhulupirira mankhwala apakhomo, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti katemera wakunja ndi wabwino. Koma chiwerengero cha anthu katemera ndi m'nyumba katemera kukula chaka ndi chaka, pamene chiwerengero cha fuluwenza akugwa. Izi zikuwonetsa mphamvu zapamwamba za katemera wapakhomo, omwe sali osiyana ndi akunja.
M'nyengo yophukira-yophukira, mabungwe azachipatala amalandira katemera kuchokera kumakampani opanga mankhwala aku Russia ndi akunja. Ku Russia, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Pafupifupi, katemera wotereyu adalembetsedwa.
Pali umboni kuti katemera wa chimfine wakunja sadzaperekedwa ku Russia nyengo ino (iyi ndi Vaxigrip / Influvak).
The zikuchokera katemera kusintha chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachitidwa kuti atetezedwe kwambiri ku kachilombo ka chimfine kamene kasintha pakapita chaka. Bungwe la World Health Organisation likulosera za mtundu wanji wa kachilombo ka fuluwenza womwe ukuyembekezeka nyengo ino. Katemera watsopano amapangidwa potengera izi, kotero chaka chilichonse chingakhale chosiyana.5.
Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Adzakuuzani za zovuta zonse za kupanga katemera ndi chitetezo chawo вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.
Chifukwa cha matekinoloje atsopano, zotsatira zoyipa za katemera wa chimfine zikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, panthawi yopanga katemera, kachilomboka kanaphedwa, "kutsukidwa" pang'ono ndipo potengera izo, katemera wotchedwa whole-virion anapangidwa. Masiku ano, asayansi amamvetsetsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikafunikanso, mapuloteni ochepa ndi okwanira, omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangidwa m'thupi. Choncho, poyamba kachilomboka kamawonongedwa ndipo chirichonse chosayenera chimachotsedwa, ndikusiya mapuloteni ofunikira okha omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke ku fuluwenza. Thupi nthawi yomweyo limawawona ngati kachilomboka. Izi zimabweretsa katemera wa m'badwo wachinayi wa subunit. Katemera wotere angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mwa omwe sali osagwirizana, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni a nkhuku. Ukadaulo wafikitsidwa pamlingo woti zomwe zili mu protein ya nkhuku mu katemera ndizosatheka kuzizindikira.
Pakhoza kukhala pang'ono m'deralo anachita kwa katemera, redness, nthawi zina kutentha limatuluka pang'ono, ndi mutu zikuoneka. Koma ngakhale izi ndizosowa - pafupifupi 3% ya onse omwe ali ndi katemera.
Ngakhale katemera atavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa katemera wa anthu, akuluakulu a zaumoyo akupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa ubwino ndi chitetezo chake. Mabungwe apadera a Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia nthawi zonse amawunika momwe katemera amapangidwira.
Panthawi yonse yopangira katemera, zowongolera pafupifupi 400 zazinthu zopangira, media, mtundu wapakati ndi zinthu zomalizidwa zimachitika. Bizinesi iliyonse ili ndi labotale yake yoyang'anira, yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi kupanga ndipo imagwira ntchito palokha.
Opanga ndi ogulitsa amawunikanso kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo osungira ndi kunyamula katemera, ndiko kuti, kuonetsetsa mikhalidwe ya zomwe zimatchedwa "cold chain".
Magwero a:
- Malingaliro a kampani Orlova NV Flu. Kuzindikira, njira yosankha mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
- Zowonjezera N 1. Kalendala ya dziko la katemera wodzitetezera
- Zambiri za Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare za pa Seputembara 20, 2021 "Pa fuluwenza ndi njira zopewera izi" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
- Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection ndi Human Welfare. Za katemera wa chimfine mu mafunso ndi mayankho. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
- Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection ndi Human Welfare. Malangizo a Rospotrebnadzor kwa anthu pa katemera https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php