Kuwombera kwa chimfine kwa akulu mu 2022
Ku Russia, katemera wa fuluwenza 2022-2023 wayamba kale. Chimfine chowomberedwa kwa akulu chithandiza kupewa matenda oopsa omwe adapha miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri popanda kuwongolera ndi chithandizo.

Anthu ambiri lerolino samawona chimfine kukhala matenda oopsa, popeza katemera wapangidwa motsutsana nawo, ndipo ma pharmacies amagulitsa mankhwala ambiri omwe amalonjeza "kuchotsa zizindikiro za chimfine ndi chimfine" m'masiku angapo chabe. Koma chokumana nacho chomvetsa chisoni cha zaka mazana apitacho, mwachitsanzo, mliri wodziŵika kwambiri wa chimfine cha ku Spain, akutikumbutsa kuti ameneŵa ndi matenda obisika, owopsa. Ndipo pali mankhwala ochepa ogwira ntchito omwe amatha kupondereza kachilomboka.1.

Mpaka pano, chimfine ndi chowopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda ndiyo kulandira katemera pa nthawi yake.

Katemera wa chimfine m'dziko lathu ali m'gulu la National kalendala wa njira vaccinations2. Aliyense amapatsidwa katemera pachaka, koma pali magulu ena omwe katemerayu ndi wovomerezeka. Awa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi maphunziro mabungwe, zoyendera, zothandiza anthu.

Komwe mungapeze chimfine ku Russia

Katemera amachitikira m'zipatala ndi m'mabungwe apadera azachipatala. Katemera amaperekedwa intramuscularly kumtunda kwa mkono.

Kawirikawiri, katemera wopangidwa ku Russia amaperekedwa kwaulere (pamene katemera amaperekedwa m'zipatala zamatauni, pansi pa ndondomeko ya MHI), ngati mukufuna kupanga wina wachilendo, malipiro ena angafunikire. Palibe chifukwa chokonzekera ndondomekoyi - chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti palibe zizindikiro za matenda ena, ngakhale chimfine3.

Ku Russia, anthu ochepa amalandila katemera, mpaka 37% ya anthu. M’maiko ena, zinthu nzosiyana, mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pafupifupi theka la anthu amatemera katemera wa chimfine.

Kodi katemera wa chimfine amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Chitetezo cha mthupi pambuyo pa chimfine chimakhala chosakhalitsa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kwa nyengo imodzi yokha - katemera wotsatira sadzatetezanso chimfine. Pokhapokha mu 20 - 40% ya milandu, chimfine chowombera nyengo yatha chidzathandiza. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kachilomboka m'chilengedwe, nthawi zonse zimasintha. Choncho, katemera wapachaka amachitidwa, pamene katemera watsopano wa nyengoyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.4.

Kodi katemera wa fuluwenza ku Russia ndi chiyani?

Katemera woyamba adapangidwa kuchokera ku ma virus osakhazikika, ndipo ena anali "amoyo". Pafupifupi kuwombera kwamakono kwa chimfine ndi katemera wopangidwa kuchokera ku ma virus "ophedwa". Ma virus a chimfine amakula pamiluza ya nkhuku, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chingatheke kudwala - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nkhuku.

Ku Russia, pali mwambo wosakhulupirira mankhwala apakhomo, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti katemera wakunja ndi wabwino. Koma chiwerengero cha anthu katemera ndi m'nyumba katemera kukula chaka ndi chaka, pamene chiwerengero cha fuluwenza akugwa. Izi zikuwonetsa mphamvu zapamwamba za katemera wapakhomo, omwe sali osiyana ndi akunja.

M'nyengo yophukira-yophukira, mabungwe azachipatala amalandira katemera kuchokera kumakampani opanga mankhwala aku Russia ndi akunja. Ku Russia, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Pafupifupi, katemera wotereyu adalembetsedwa.

Pali umboni kuti katemera wa chimfine wakunja sadzaperekedwa ku Russia nyengo ino (iyi ndi Vaxigrip / Influvak).

The zikuchokera katemera kusintha chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachitidwa kuti atetezedwe kwambiri ku kachilombo ka chimfine kamene kasintha pakapita chaka. Bungwe la World Health Organisation likulosera za mtundu wanji wa kachilombo ka fuluwenza womwe ukuyembekezeka nyengo ino. Katemera watsopano amapangidwa potengera izi, kotero chaka chilichonse chingakhale chosiyana.5.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Adzakuuzani za zovuta zonse za kupanga katemera ndi chitetezo chawo вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.

Ndani sayenera kuwomberedwa ndi chimfine?
Simungathe kulandira katemera wa fuluwenza ngati munthu ali ndi matenda oopsa a magazi ndi ma neoplasms, komanso amadwala mapuloteni a nkhuku (makatemera okhawo omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a nkhuku ndipo amakhala ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono). Odwala alibe katemera pamene bronchial mphumu ndi atopic dermatitis kuipa, ndi pa chikhululukiro cha matenda, n`zotheka katemera fuluwenza. Osalandira katemera ngati munthu woti alandire katemera ali ndi malungo komanso zizindikiro za SARS. Katemera amachedwa kwa masabata atatu ngati munthuyo wadwala kwambiri. Katemera ndi contraindicated anthu amene yapita chimfine kuwombera anayambitsa pachimake thupi lawo siligwirizana.
Kodi ndiyenera kuwomberedwa ndi chimfine ngati ndadwala kale?
Kachilombo kachimfine kamasintha chaka chilichonse, kotero kuti ma antibodies opangidwa m'thupi sangathe kuteteza kwathunthu ku mtundu wina watsopano wa chimfine. Ngati munthu adadwala nyengo yatha, ndiye kuti sizingamuteteze ku kachilomboka nyengo ino. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu omwe adalandira chimfine chaka chatha. Kuchokera pazidziwitso izi, ndi zotetezeka kunena kuti ndikofunikira kutenga katemera wa chimfine, ngakhale mutadwala kale.
Kodi amayi apakati akhoza kuwomberedwa ndi chimfine?
Amayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga chimfine. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendedwe kake ka kayendedwe kake ka kayendedwe kake, chitetezo ndi kupuma. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuopsa kwa maphunzirowo kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zipatala. Kafukufuku watsimikizira chitetezo cha katemera wa chimfine kwa gulu ili la anthu. Ma antibodies opangidwa m'thupi pambuyo pa katemera amatha kupatsira mwana kudzera mu mkaka wa m'mawere, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kudwala. Azimayi apakati mu 2 ndi 3 trimester wa mimba, komanso pamene akuyamwitsa, akhoza katemera fuluwenza.
Kodi munganyowetse malo owombera chimfine?
Pambuyo pa chimfine, mukhoza kusamba, pamene malo a jekeseni sayenera kupukuta ndi siponji, chifukwa hematoma ikhoza kuwoneka. Katemera amapatsidwa intramuscularly, kotero khungu lokha ndilowonongeka pang'ono ndipo izi sizikhudza zotsatira za katemera.
Kodi ndingamwe mowa ndikadwala chimfine?
Ayi, katundu uliwonse pachiwindi ndi woletsedwa. Kumwa mowa pambuyo katemera ali osavomerezeka chifukwa mankhwala mowa akhoza kusokoneza mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira ndi kuonjezera chiopsezo kukhala ziwengo.
Kodi ndingawombere liti chimfine pambuyo kuwombera kwa coronavirus?
Mutha kuwombera chimfine mwezi umodzi mutalandira gawo lachiwiri la katemera wa COVID-19. Nthawi yoyenera katemera ndi September-November.
Ndi zovuta zotani zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pa chimfine?
Makatemera ali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha phindu ndi chiopsezo poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena. Zotsatira za matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pa katemera.

Chifukwa cha matekinoloje atsopano, zotsatira zoyipa za katemera wa chimfine zikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, panthawi yopanga katemera, kachilomboka kanaphedwa, "kutsukidwa" pang'ono ndipo potengera izo, katemera wotchedwa whole-virion anapangidwa. Masiku ano, asayansi amamvetsetsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikafunikanso, mapuloteni ochepa ndi okwanira, omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangidwa m'thupi. Choncho, poyamba kachilomboka kamawonongedwa ndipo chirichonse chosayenera chimachotsedwa, ndikusiya mapuloteni ofunikira okha omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke ku fuluwenza. Thupi nthawi yomweyo limawawona ngati kachilomboka. Izi zimabweretsa katemera wa m'badwo wachinayi wa subunit. Katemera wotere angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mwa omwe sali osagwirizana, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni a nkhuku. Ukadaulo wafikitsidwa pamlingo woti zomwe zili mu protein ya nkhuku mu katemera ndizosatheka kuzizindikira.

Pakhoza kukhala pang'ono m'deralo anachita kwa katemera, redness, nthawi zina kutentha limatuluka pang'ono, ndi mutu zikuoneka. Koma ngakhale izi ndizosowa - pafupifupi 3% ya onse omwe ali ndi katemera.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati katemera ndi wotetezeka?
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mankhwala aliwonse, zomwe zimachitika munthu akatemera zimatha kuchitika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukonzekera kwamakono kwa immunobiological ndi zinthu zamakono zomwe zimayesedwa kwa nthawi yaitali (kuyambira zaka 2 mpaka 10) kuti zikhale zogwira mtima komanso zotetezeka. Choncho, palibe katemera wosatetezeka pamsika.

Ngakhale katemera atavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa katemera wa anthu, akuluakulu a zaumoyo akupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa ubwino ndi chitetezo chake. Mabungwe apadera a Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia nthawi zonse amawunika momwe katemera amapangidwira.

Panthawi yonse yopangira katemera, zowongolera pafupifupi 400 zazinthu zopangira, media, mtundu wapakati ndi zinthu zomalizidwa zimachitika. Bizinesi iliyonse ili ndi labotale yake yoyang'anira, yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi kupanga ndipo imagwira ntchito palokha.

Opanga ndi ogulitsa amawunikanso kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo osungira ndi kunyamula katemera, ndiko kuti, kuonetsetsa mikhalidwe ya zomwe zimatchedwa "cold chain".

Kodi ndingathe kubweretsa katemera wanga woti adzatemere?
Ndendende chifukwa mungakhale otsimikiza za chitetezo cha katemera pokhapokha mutatsatira malamulo onse oyendetsa galimoto, ndi zina zotero, simuyenera kugula ndikubweretsa katemera wanu. Ubwino wake ukhoza kuwonongeka. Chodalirika kwambiri ndi chomwe chimasungidwa bwino m'chipatala. Ambiri a iwo amakana kupereka katemera wabweretsa pa chifukwa chomwechi.
Kodi katemera amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu bwanji?
"Chitetezo" ku chimfine sichimapangidwa mwamsanga mutalandira katemera. Choyamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimazindikira zigawo za katemera, zomwe zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ngakhale chitetezo cha mthupi chikupangidwa, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ayenera kupewedwabe kuti asatenge chimfine katemera asanagwire ntchito.

Magwero a:

  1. Malingaliro a kampani Orlova NV Flu. Kuzindikira, njira yosankha mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
  2. Zowonjezera N 1. Kalendala ya dziko la katemera wodzitetezera
  3. Zambiri za Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare za pa Seputembara 20, 2021 "Pa fuluwenza ndi njira zopewera izi" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
  4. Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection ndi Human Welfare. Za katemera wa chimfine mu mafunso ndi mayankho. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
  5. Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection ndi Human Welfare. Malangizo a Rospotrebnadzor kwa anthu pa katemera https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php

Siyani Mumakonda