Lingaliro lathu likhoza kuneneratu masekondi tisanaganize kuti tapanga. Kodi timalandidwadi chifuniro, ngati kusankha kwathu kunganenedweratu pasadakhale? Sizophweka choncho. Pambuyo pake, ufulu weniweni wosankha ndi wotheka ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa zilakolako za dongosolo lachiwiri.
Anthanthi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi ufulu wakudzisankhira kumatanthauza kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha munthu: kukhala woyambitsa wa zosankha zake ndi kukhala wokhoza kuchita zimenezo. Ndikufuna kutchula zambiri za mayesero awiri omwe angathe, ngati sangagunde, ndiye kuti agwedeze lingaliro la ufulu wathu, womwe wakhala ukukhazikika m'mitu yathu.
Kuyesera koyamba kudapangidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo waku America a Benjamin Libet zaka zopitilira XNUMX zapitazo. Odzipereka adafunsidwa kuti aziyenda mophweka (kunena, kukweza chala) nthawi iliyonse yomwe akufuna. Njira zomwe zimachitika m'zamoyo zawo zinalembedwa: kusuntha kwa minofu ndi, mosiyana, ndondomeko yomwe imatsogolera m'madera a ubongo. Kutsogolo kwa maphunzirowo kunali kuyimba kokhala ndi muvi. Iwo ankayenera kukumbukira pamene muvi unali pa nthawi imene ankaganiza zokweza chala.
Choyamba, kutsegula kwa mbali zamagalimoto za ubongo kumachitika, ndipo pambuyo pake kusankha kozindikira kumawonekera.
Zotsatira za kuyesera zinakhala zomveka. Anasokoneza malingaliro athu a momwe ufulu wakudzisankhira umagwirira ntchito. Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti choyamba timapanga chisankho (mwachitsanzo, kukweza chala), ndiyeno chimapatsirana kumadera a ubongo omwe ali ndi udindo pa mayankho athu a galimoto. Zotsirizirazi zimayendetsa minofu yathu: chala chimakwera.
Zambiri zomwe zidapezeka pakuyesa kwa Libet zidawonetsa kuti chiwembu chotere sichigwira ntchito. Zikuoneka kuti kutsegula kwa mbali ya galimoto ya ubongo kumachitika poyamba, ndipo pambuyo pokhapo kusankha tcheru kumawonekera. Ndiko kuti, zochita za munthu si zotsatira zake «ufulu» zisankho sadziwa, koma anakonzeratu ndi cholinga neural njira mu ubongo zimene zimachitika ngakhale pamaso gawo la kuzindikira.
Gawo lachidziwitso likutsatizana ndi chinyengo chakuti woyambitsa izi anali mutu mwiniyo. Kuti tigwiritse ntchito fanizo la zidole za zidole, tili ngati zidole za theka zokhala ndi makina osinthika, omwe amakumana ndi chinyengo cha ufulu wakudzisankhira zochita zawo.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, zoyeserera zambiri zochititsa chidwi zidachitika ku Germany motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo a John-Dylan Haynes ndi Chun Siong Sun. Ophunzirawo anafunsidwa nthawi iliyonse yabwino kuti asindikize batani pa imodzi mwa zowongolera zakutali, zomwe zinali kumanja ndi kumanzere. Mofananamo, makalata anaonekera pa polojekiti kutsogolo kwawo. Ophunzirawo amayenera kukumbukira kuti ndi chilembo chiti chomwe chidawonekera pazenera panthawi yomwe adaganiza kukanikiza batani.
Zochita za neuronal zaubongo zidalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tomograph. Malingana ndi deta ya tomography, asayansi adapanga pulogalamu yomwe imatha kulosera batani lomwe munthu angasankhe. Pulogalamuyi idatha kuneneratu zomwe ophunzirawo angasankhe mtsogolo, pafupifupi, masekondi 6-10 asanapange chisankho! Deta yomwe idapezedwa idadabwitsa kwambiri asayansi ndi anthanthi omwe adatsalira kumbuyo kwa malingaliro akuti munthu ali ndi ufulu wakudzisankhira.
Ufulu wosankha uli ngati maloto. Ukagona sumalota nthawi zonse
Ndiye ndife omasuka kapena ayi? Udindo wanga ndi uwu: kutsimikizira kuti tilibe ufulu wakudzisankhira sikudalira umboni wakuti tilibe, koma pa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro a "ufulu wosankha" ndi "ufulu wakuchita." Chotsutsana changa ndi chakuti zoyesera zomwe akatswiri a maganizo ndi a neuroscientists amayesera pa ufulu wochitapo kanthu, osati mwakufuna konse.
Ufulu wosankha nthawi zonse umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulingalira. Ndi zomwe wafilosofi waku America Harry Frankfurt adatcha "zokhumba zachiwiri." Zilakolako za dongosolo loyamba ndi zilakolako zathu zapafupi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chinachake, ndipo zilakolako za dongosolo lachiwiri ndi zilakolako zachindunji, zikhoza kutchedwa zikhumbo zokhudzana ndi zilakolako. Ndifotokoza ndi chitsanzo.
Ndakhala ndikusuta kwambiri kwa zaka 15. Panthawi imeneyi m’moyo wanga, ndinali ndi chilakolako chofuna kusuta fodya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndinakumananso ndi chikhumbo chachiwiri. Ndiko kuti: Ndikanakonda sindikufuna kusuta. Choncho ndinkafuna kusiya kusuta.
Tikazindikira chikhumbo cha dongosolo loyamba, ichi ndi ntchito yaulere. Ndinali womasuka muzochita zanga, ndiyenera kusuta chiyani - ndudu, ndudu kapena ndudu. Ufulu wakudzisankhira umachitika pamene chikhumbo cha dongosolo lachiwiri chikwaniritsidwa. Pamene ndinasiya kusuta, ndiko kuti, pamene ndinazindikira chikhumbo changa chachiwiri, chinali kuchita mwaufulu.
Monga katswiri wafilosofi, ndikutsutsa kuti deta ya sayansi yamakono yamakono sizitsimikizira kuti tilibe ufulu wochitapo kanthu komanso ufulu wosankha. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti ufulu wakudzisankhira umaperekedwa kwa ife mwachisawawa. Funso la ufulu wakudzisankhira siliri longopeka chabe. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yaumwini kwa aliyense wa ife.
Ufulu wosankha uli ngati maloto. Ukagona sumalota nthawi zonse. Momwemonso, mukakhala maso, simuli odzifunira nthawi zonse. Koma ngati simugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu wosankha nkomwe, ndiye kuti muli ngati mukugona.
Kodi mukufuna kukhala mfulu? Kenaka gwiritsani ntchito kulingalira, kutsogoleredwa ndi zilakolako zachiwiri, pendani zolinga zanu, ganizirani za malingaliro omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, ganizirani momveka bwino, ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi wabwino wokhala m'dziko limene munthu alibe ufulu wochitapo kanthu. komanso ufulu wosankha.