Ndikoyeneranso kuganizira mozama ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kusintha kwa majini. Zoipa, ndithudi, zambiri. Titha kungoganizira: ndi zodabwitsa zotani zomwe zapezeka mu biotechnology ndi majini zomwe zingatidabwitse m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.
Zikuwoneka kuti sayansi potsiriza imatha kuthetsa vuto la njala, kupanga mankhwala atsopano, kusintha maziko enieni a ulimi, chakudya ndi mafakitale azachipatala. Kupatula apo, kusankha kwamwambo, komwe kwakhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ndi njira yocheperako komanso yolemetsa, ndipo mwayi wowoloka wa intraspecific ndi wochepa. Kodi anthu ali ndi nthawi yopita patsogolo ndi masitepe a nkhono yotere? Chiwerengero cha Dziko lapansi chikukula, ndiyeno pali kutentha kwa dziko, kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, kusowa kwa madzi.
maloto okongola
Dokotala wabwino Aibolit, yemwe ali mu labotale ya m'zaka za zana la XXI, akukonzekera chipulumutso kwa ife! Pokhala ndi maikulosikopu a m'badwo waposachedwa, pansi pa nyali za neon, amalumikizana ndi ma flasks ndi machubu oyesera. Ndipo izi ndi izi: tomato wosinthidwa mwachibadwa, wopatsa thanzi wofanana ndi pilaf wolemera, amachulukana modabwitsa m'madera ouma a Afghanistan.
America sikugwetsanso mabomba pa mayiko osauka ndi aukali. Tsopano akugwetsa mbewu za GM kuchokera mundege. Ndege zingapo ndizokwanira kusandutsa dera lililonse kukhala dimba lobala zipatso.
Nanga bwanji zomera zomwe zingatipangire nkhuni kapena zinthu zina zofunika ndi zofunika? Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palibe kuwononga chilengedwe, palibe zomera ndi mafakitale. Ndinabzala tchire zingapo m'munda wakutsogolo kapena bedi lamaluwa omera mwachangu, ndipo m'mawa uliwonse mumafinya mafuta amafuta.
Ntchito ina yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kupanga mtundu wa mitengo yapadera, yomwe imakonzedwa kuti itengeke ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi zonyansa zina zosiyanasiyana kuchokera mumlengalenga ndi nthaka. Mumabzala kanjira pafupi ndi chomera china chamankhwala - ndipo mutha kukhazikitsa bwalo lamasewera pafupi.
Ndipo ku Hong Kong adapanga kale mtundu wodabwitsa wa nsomba kuti adziwe kuipitsidwa kwa madzi. Nsombazi zimayamba kuwala mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mmene matupi awo amaipitsira m’madzimo.
Kupambana
Ndipo si maloto chabe. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi majini kwa nthawi yaitali: insulin, interferon, katemera wa hepatitis B, kungotchula ochepa chabe.
Anthu afika pafupi ndi mzerewo, atawoloka zomwe adzatha kudzipangira okha osati kusintha kwa mitundu ya zomera ndi zinyama, komanso zake.
Tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo monga zinthu—mafuta, miyala, ndi zina zotero—monga momwe makampani ankagwiritsira ntchito m’nyengo ya mafakitale.
Tikhoza kugonjetsa matenda, umphawi, njala.
zenizeni
Tsoka ilo, monga chodabwitsa chilichonse, kupanga zinthu za GM kuli ndi mbali zake zosasangalatsa. Nkhani ya kudzipha kwakukulu kwa alimi aku India omwe adasowa ndalama atagula mbewu za GM kuchokera ku TNC Monsanto imadziwika bwino.
Kenako zidapezeka kuti matekinoloje ozizwitsa samangokhala ndi zabwino zilizonse zachuma, koma nthawi zambiri sali oyenera nyengo yakumaloko. Kuphatikiza pa izi, zinali zopanda pake kupulumutsa mbewu za chaka chamawa, sizinamere. Iwo anali a kampaniyo ndipo, monga “ntchito” ina iliyonse, anayenera kuwomboledwa kwa mwini wake wa patent. Feteleza opangidwa ndi kampani yomweyi adalumikizidwanso kumbewuzo. Anagulanso ndalama, ndipo popanda iwo mbewu zinali zopanda ntchito. Chotsatira chake, anthu zikwizikwi anayamba kukhala ndi ngongole, kenako analowa ndalama, anataya malo awo, ndiyeno kumwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Monsanto, kudzipha.
N’kutheka kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za mayiko osauka komanso akutali. Mwinamwake, moyo si shuga kumeneko ngakhale popanda mankhwala a GM. M’maiko otukuka, okhala ndi anthu ophunzira, okhala ndi boma lotetezera zofuna za nzika zake, izi sizingachitike.
Mukapita ku imodzi mwa mabishopu okwera mtengo mumzinda wa Manhattan (monga Chakudya Chonse) kapena msika wa alimi ku Union Square ku New York, mudzapeza kuti muli pakati pa achinyamata omwe ali ndi khungu labwino. Pamsika wa alimi, amasankha maapulo ang’onoang’ono, ofota amene amadula kuŵirikiza kangapo kuposa maapozi okongola a ukulu wofanana m’sitolo yaikulu yokhazikika. Pamabokosi onse, mitsuko, mapaketi, zolemba zazikulu zimawonetsa: "bio", "zilibe zigawo za GM", "zilibe madzi a chimanga" ndi zina zotero.
Ku Upper Manhattan, m'masitolo otsika mtengo kapena m'dera lomwe anthu osauka amakhala, chakudya chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri. Maphukusi ambiri samalankhula modzichepetsa ponena za chiyambi chawo, koma monyadira amati: "Tsopano 30% yowonjezera ndalama zomwezo."
Pakati pa ogula m'masitolo otsika mtengo, ambiri ndi anthu onenepa mopweteka. Mutha kuganiza kuti "amadya ngati nkhumba, ngati mumadya maapulo ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti simudzakhalanso ochepa." Koma iyi ndi nkhani yolakwika.
Zakudya za GM zimadyedwa ndi osauka ku America komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Ulaya, kupanga ndi kugawa zinthu za GM ndizochepa, ndipo zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi 1% GM zimaloledwa kulembedwa. Ndipo mukudziwa, chodabwitsa, ku Ulaya kuli anthu ochepa kwambiri onenepa, ngakhale m'madera osauka.
Ndani akusowa zonsezi?
Ndiye kodi tomato wobiriwira ndi maapulo onse a vitamini ali kuti? Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu olemera ndi okongola amakonda zinthu za m’dimba lenileni, pamene osauka amadyetsedwa “zinthu zaposachedwapa”? Palibe zakudya zambiri za GM padziko lapansi pano. Nyemba za soya, chimanga, thonje, ndi mbatata zayamba kugulitsidwa kwambiri.
Nawu mndandanda wazinthu za GM soya:
1. Chomera cha GM chimatetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi jini yolimbana ndi mankhwala. Kampani ya Monsanta, yomwe imagulitsa mbewu za GM pamodzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, yapanga mbewu zozizwitsa zomwe zimatha kupirira "kuukira kwamankhwala" komwe kumapha mbewu zina zonse. Chifukwa cha kusuntha kwanzeru kumeneku, amatha kugulitsa mbewu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chifukwa chake iwo omwe amaganiza kuti mbewu za GM sizifuna chithandizo chaminda ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo akulakwitsa.
2. Mbeu za GM zili ndi patent. Pokana kusunga mbewu zawo, alimi (kapena mayiko onse) amagula mbewu kuchokera ku kampani yabizinesi yomwe yafika pamlingo wolamulira okha. Ndikwabwino kusaganiziranso zomwe zingachitike ngati kampani yomwe ili ndi mbewu kapena ma patenti ikhala yoyipa, yopusa, kapena atsogoleri opanda mwayi. Dystopia iliyonse idzawoneka ngati nthano za ana. Zonse ndi zachitetezo cha chakudya.
3. Pamodzi ndi jini ya chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali, pazifukwa zaukadaulo, ma antibiotic resistance marker genes opatukana ndi mabakiteriya amasamutsidwa ku mbewu. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kuopsa kokhala ndi jini yotere muzinthu zomwe zimadyedwa ndi anthu.
Apa tikubwera ku funso lalikulu. Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuyika pachiwopsezo chilichonse? Ngakhale pang'ono chabe? Palibe mwazinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi zomwe zimandibweretsera ine ndekha ngati wogula womaliza wazinthu zomwe zimapindula. Osati kokha mavitamini odabwitsa kapena zakudya zomwe zimasowa, koma chinthu chochepa kwambiri, monga kuwonjezera kukoma.
Ndiye mwina zakudya za GM zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri pazachuma ndipo alimi amasiku ano amakhala moyo wabwino wa akalembi aku banki? Ngakhale kuti soya yawo ya GM imamenyana ndi namsongole paokha ndipo imapanga zokolola zosaneneka, kodi amathera maola osangalatsa m'madziwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi?
Argentina ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe mwachangu komanso kalekale adalowa mu GM reform of Agriculture. N’chifukwa chiyani sitikumva za kutukuka kwa alimi awo kapena za chuma cha dziko? Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Ulaya, yomwe nthawi zonse imaika ziletso zambiri pa kugawa zinthu za GM, ikuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaulimi.
Kulankhula za mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mankhwala a GM ku United States, munthu sayenera kuiwala kuti alimi a ku America amalandira thandizo lalikulu kuchokera ku boma lawo. Osati chilichonse, koma mitundu ya GM, mbewu ndi feteleza zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu a biotech.
Chifukwa chiyani ife, monga wogula, tiyenera kuthandizira kupanga ndi kugawa zinthu za GM zomwe sizibweretsa phindu lililonse, koma mwachiwonekere kuika msika wa chakudya padziko lonse lapansi pansi pa ulamuliro wa TNCs zazikulu?
Magulu a anthu
Ngati inu Google "GM foods" mudzapeza mndandanda wautali wa maulalo a mikangano pakati pa othandizira awo ndi otsutsa.
Zotsutsana za” tsatirani izi:
"Chani, mukufuna kuletsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi?"
- Pakalipano, palibe chovulaza chomwe chapezeka muzakudya za GM, ndipo palibe chomwe chili chotetezeka.
- Kodi mumakonda kudya mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amathiridwa pa kaloti lero? GM ndi mwayi wochotsa mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi herbicides omwe amawononga ife komanso nthaka.
Makampani amadziwa zomwe akuchita. Palibe opusa amagwira ntchito kumeneko. Msika udzasamalira chilichonse.
- Greens ndi ena omenyera ufulu wa anthu amadziwika chifukwa cha kupusa kwawo komanso kupusa. Zingakhale zabwino kuwaletsa.
Mfundozi zikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule monga zandale-zachuma. Nzika zimapemphedwa kuti zitseke ndipo osafunsa mafunso ambiri pomwe akatswiri ochokera ku TNCs ndi dzanja losawoneka la msika likukonzekera kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko chozungulira ife.
Wolemba wotchuka waku America Jeremy Riffkin, mlembi wa bukhu la The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World, lodzipereka ku biotechnology, amakhulupirira kuti matekinoloje a GM atha kubweretsa anthu kupulumuka kutsoka ndi zina zambiri zatsopano. Zonse zimatengera ndani komanso cholinga chanji matekinolojewa amapangidwa. Njira zamalamulo zomwe makampani amakono aukadaulo wamakono alipo, kunena pang'ono, nkhawa yayikulu.
Ndipo bola ngati izi zili zoona, malinga ngati nzika sizingathe kuyika ntchito za TNC pansi pa ulamuliro weniweni wa anthu, bola ngati n'kosatheka kukonzekera kufufuza kwakukulu komanso kodziyimira pawokha kwa zinthu za GM, kuchotsa ma patent a zamoyo, kugawa zinthu za GM kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Pakadali pano, aloleni asayansi atulutse zodabwitsa m'ma laboratories aboma. Mwina adzatha kupanga phwetekere wamuyaya ndi duwa lamatsenga lomwe lidzakhala la onse okhala padziko lapansi. Pangani cholinga cha chitukuko cha anthu, osati phindu.