Hepatitis ndi kutupa kwa kapamba chiwindi, nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a virus, koma nthawi zina chifukwa cha uchidakwa, kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala.

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ndipo zimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi. Mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi imapangitsa kuti mbali ina ya chiwindi iwonongeke.

Matenda a chiwindi ambiri amatha mwadzidzidzi, osasiya zotsatira zake. Nthawi zina matendawa amapitilira kwa miyezi ingapo. Zikatenga miyezi yoposa 6, zimaganiziridwa osatha. Chiwindi chikawonongeka kwambiri, kuyika chiwalochi kungakhale njira yokhayo yothetsera.

mitundu

Chiwindi chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

• ndi matenda a chiwindi, chifukwa cha matenda a virus. M'mayiko otukuka, mavairasi a hepatitis A, B ndi C amayambitsa pafupifupi 90% ya matenda a chiwindi chachimake. Ma virus a Hepatitis D, E ndi G nawonso amayambitsa matenda a chiwindi.
• ndi hepatitis yopanda ma virus, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mankhwala oopsa ku chiwindi (mowa, mankhwala oopsa, etc.). Matenda a chiwindi omwe alibe kachilomboka amathanso kukhala chifukwa cha matenda omwe amakhudza chiwindi, monga chiwindi chamafuta (chiwindi chamafuta) ndi chiwopsezo cha autoimmune (chiwopsezo chotupa chambiri chosadziwika bwino, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kupanga ma autoantibodies).

Kuchuluka kwa hepatitis

Ku Canada,chiwindi C ndi matenda a chiwindi ofala kwambiri: chaka chilichonse, amakhudza pafupifupi 45 mwa anthu 100¹. Ponena za matenda a chiwindi a B, amakhudza pafupifupi 3 mwa anthu 100 aku Canada, ndi matenda a chiwindi A, 000 mwa 1,5^1,42.

Viral hepatitis ndi yofala kwambiri maiko osachita mafakitale. THE 'hepatitis A Ndilofala ku Africa, maiko ena ku South America ndi Asia². N'chimodzimodzinso ndi matenda a chiwindi a B. Inde, m'mayiko ambiri a ku sub-Saharan Africa ndi Asia, kumene 8% mpaka 10% ya anthu amanyamulaHepatitis B, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za imfa kwa akuluakulu (kuchokera ku khansa ya chiwindi kapena matenda a cirrhosis). Pafupifupi 3% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi kachilombokachiwindi C. Ku Africa, kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: kupitilira 5%⁴.

Akuluakulu azaumoyo akuvutikira kuthana ndi matenda a virus a hepatitis, omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwika kwa zaka. Asanadziwe matenda, matendawa sangangowononga kwambiri thupi, komanso amafalikira kwa anthu ena.

Mafupikitsa modes

• Hepatitis A. Ndilowopsa kwambiri pa matenda a chiwindi a virus. Kawirikawiri thupi limamenyana nalo mkati mwa masabata angapo ndipo limakhalabe lotetezedwa kwa moyo wonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilomboka alipo, koma kachilombo komweko kulibenso. Kachilombo ka hepatitis A kamafalikira ndi kumezamadzi orchakudya chodetsedwa. Amapezeka m'chopondapo cha munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikuipitsa chakudya, madzi kapena manja a munthu wina. Zakudya zaiwisi kapena zosapsa bwino ndizomwe zimatha kufalitsa matendawa. Kachilomboka kamafalanso ndi zakudya za m’nyanja zomwe zimakololedwa m’madera amene zimbudzi zosayeretsedwa zimatayidwa. Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chimakhala chachikulu m'maiko omwe alibe ukhondo. M’maiko amenewa, pafupifupi ana onse atenga kale kachilomboka. Katemera amateteza ku matendawa.
• Hepatitis B. Uwu ndi mtundu wa hepatitis pafupipafupi m'dziko lapansi, komanso zakupha kwambiri. Kachilombo ka hepatitis B kamafalikira nthawi zonse kugonana (umuna ndi madzi ena amthupi amakhalamo) ndi magazi. Ndilopatsirana kuŵirikiza ka 50 mpaka 100 kuposa kachilombo ka AIDS³. Kusinthanitsa ma syringe omwe ali ndi kachilombo kungayambitse matenda. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kumenyeratu matendawa. Pafupifupi 5% amakhalabe ndi kachilomboka ndipo akuti ndi "onyamula" kachilomboka. Onyamula alibe zizindikiro, koma ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda a chiwindi kapena khansa ya chiwindi, omwe ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Mayi woberekera akhoza kupatsira mwana wake kachilomboka panthawi yobereka. Katemera waperekedwa kuyambira 1982.
• chiwindi C. Hepatitis C ndi mtundu wa virus wa hepatitis wonyenga kwambirichifukwa zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kosagwirizana kwambiri. Mpaka 80% ya matenda a hepatitis C amakhala osatha. Kuzindikiritsa komaliza ndi kwaposachedwa kwambiri: kudayamba mu 1989. Kachilomboka kamafalikira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi magazi a anthu oipitsidwa : makamaka posinthanitsa majakisoni obaya mankhwala, kuwaika magazi amene sanapimidwe, ndiponso pogwiritsa ntchitonso singano ndi majakisoni osabala. Nthawi zambiri, amapatsirana pogonana mosadziteteza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, makamaka ngati magazi akusinthana (msambo, kuvulala kwa maliseche kapena kumatako). Ndicho chifukwa choyamba cha kuyika chiwindi. Palibe katemera woteteza ku matendawa.
• Poizoni hepatitis. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena kumwa Mankhwala. Kulowetsedwa kwa bowa zosadyeka, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala mankhwala (pantchito, mwachitsanzo) komanso kumeza zinthu zachilengedwe thanzi or zomera zakupha chifukwa cha chiwindi (monga zomera za banja la Aristolochiaceae, chifukwa cha asidi alistolochic zomwe zili, ndi comfrey, chifukwa cha pyrrolizidines zomwe zili nazo) zingayambitsenso matenda a chiwindi oopsa. Kutengera ndi mankhwala omwe alowetsedwa, matenda a chiwindi a poizoni amatha kukhala ndi maola, masiku kapena miyezi atakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikirozo zimachepa pamene munthu wasiya kukumana ndi zinthu zovulaza. Komabe, munthu akhoza kuwonongeka kwachiŵindi kosatha ndipo amavutika, mwachitsanzo, matenda a cirrhosis.

Zovuta zotheka

Chiwindi chomwe sichidziwika nthawi yake kapena chomwe sichimachizidwa bwino chingayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

• Matenda a chiwindi. Izi ndizovuta kawirikawiri. Matenda a chiwindi akuti ndi osachiritsika ngati sachira pakadutsa miyezi 6. Mu 75% ya milandu, ndi chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi B kapena C. Matenda a chiwindi chithandizo mokwanira nthawi zambiri anachiritsidwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kapena zitatu.
• Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis ndi kupangika kwakukulu kwa "zipsera" m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuukira mobwerezabwereza (poizoni, ma virus, ndi zina). Izi "zotchinga za fibrous" zimatha kulepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'chiwalo. 20% mpaka 25% ya matenda aakulu a chiwindi amapita ku cirrhosis ngati chithandizo sichikugwira ntchito mokwanira kapena ngati sichitsatiridwa bwino.
• Khansa ya chiwindi. Ndilo vuto lalikulu la cirrhosis. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti khansa ya chiwindi imathanso chifukwa cha khansa yomwe ili m'chiwalo china chomwe chimafalikira ku chiwindi ndi metastasis. Matenda a chiwindi B ndi C, komanso matenda oopsa a chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kumwa kwambirimowa amatha kupita ku khansa.
• Fulminant hepatitis. Chosowa kwambiri, fulminant hepatitis imadziwika ndi kulephera kwakukulu kwa chiwindi, chomwe sichingathenso kugwira ntchito zake. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minofu ya chiwindi kumachitika ndipo kuyika ziwalo kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a B kapena matenda oopsa a chiwindi. Pafupifupi munthu 1 mwa 4 aliwonse amafa pakanthawi kochepa.