Zamkatimu
Kuyezetsa HIV
Tanthauzo la HIV (AIDS)
Le HIV ou kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda chitetezo ndipo zingayambitse mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), yomwe ingakhale yakupha, ngati itasiyidwa. Ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi m'magazi, komanso panthawi yobereka kapena kuyamwitsa pakati pa mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi mwana wake.
Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, anthu 35 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo pafupifupi 0,8% ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 49 ali ndi kachilomboka.
Kufalikira kumasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mayiko. Ku France, akuti pali matenda atsopano 7000 mpaka 8000 chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu 30 amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV popanda kudziwa. Ku Canada, zinthu ndi zofanana: gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sadziwa kuti ali nalo.
Ndichifukwa chiyani muyenera kuyezetsa HIV?
More ine'matenda imazindikiridwa ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, m'pamenenso imakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka komanso moyo wabwino. Ngakhale kuti matendawa alibe mankhwala, pali mankhwala ambiri omwe angalepheretse kuchulukitsa kwa matendawa. virus m'thupi ndikuletsa kuyambika kwa siteji AIDS.
Choncho ndi bwino kuti anthu onse akuluakulu aziyezetsa HIV pafupipafupi. Kuyesa kutha nthawi iliyonse mwakufuna kwawo. Malo ambiri ndi mayanjano amapereka kwaulere (malo osadziwika komanso aulere owonera kapena ma CDAG ku France, dokotala aliyense kapena kunyumba, ndi zina).
Itha kufunsidwa makamaka:
- mutagonana mosaziteteza kapena ngati kondomu yathyoka
- m'banja lokhazikika, kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu
- ngati mukufuna mwana kapena mimba yotsimikizika
- mutagawana syringe
- pambuyo pa ngozi yapantchito yokhudzana ndi magazi
- ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (mwachitsanzo, chiwindi cha C)
Ku France, a Haute Autorité de Santé amalimbikitsa kuti madotolo apereke mayeso kwa anthu onse azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 70 akamagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala, kupatula kutenga chiopsezo chodziwika. M'malo mwake, kuwunika uku sikuperekedwa kawirikawiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa kuyenera kuchitika pachaka kapena pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka, monga:
- amuna ogonana ndi amuna
- ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adagonanapo ndi anthu ambiri m'miyezi 12 yapitayi
- anthu a m'madipatimenti French ku America (Antilles, Guyana).
- kubaya jekeseni ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- anthu ochokera kumadera omwe akudwala kwambiri, makamaka ku sub-Saharan Africa ndi Caribbean
- anthu achiwerewere
- anthu omwe ogonana nawo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
Imachitidwanso pa nthawi ya 1 kukambirana kwa mayi aliyense wapakati, monga gawo la kafukufuku wachilengedwe wochitidwa mwadongosolo.
Chenjezo: Pambuyo poika pachiwopsezo, kuyezetsa sikungakhale kodalirika kwa milungu ingapo, chifukwa kachilomboka kangakhalepo koma osawoneka. N'zotheka, pamene maola osachepera 48 adutsa kuchokera pamene adatenga chiopsezo, kupindula ndi mankhwala otchedwa "post-exposure" omwe angateteze matenda. Itha kuperekedwa kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa chachipatala chilichonse.
Kodi mungayembekezere zotsatira zotani mukayezetsa HIV?
Pali zoyezetsa zingapo zomwe zilipo kuti adziwe kachilombo ka HIV:
- by kuyesa magazi mu labotale yachipatala: kuyezetsako kumatengera kupezeka m'magazi a anti-HIV antibodies, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa Elisa de 4.e m'badwo. Zotsatira zimapezeka m'masiku 1 mpaka 3. Kuyezetsa kuti alibe kachilombo kumasonyeza kuti munthuyo alibe kachilombo ngati sanachitepo chiwopsezo m'masabata 6 apitawa asanamuyeze. Ichi ndiye mayeso odalirika kwambiri.
- by kuyezetsa kofulumira koyang'ana matenda (TROD): mayeso ofulumira awa amapereka zotsatira mu mphindi 30. Ndizofulumira komanso zosavuta, nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi dontho la magazi pa chala chanu, kapena ndi malovu. Chotsatira choyipa sichingatanthauzidwe ngati chiwopsezo chatenga miyezi yosachepera 3. Pakachitika zotsatira zabwino, mayeso amtundu wa Elisa amafunikira kuti atsimikizire.
- ndime kudziyesa : mayesowa ndi ofanana ndi mayeso othamanga ndipo amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba
Kodi mungayembekezere zotsatira zotani mukayezetsa HIV?
Munthu akhoza kuonedwa kuti alibe kachilombo ka HIV ngati:
- kuyesa kwa Elisa kumakhala kopanda masabata asanu ndi limodzi atatenga chiopsezo
- kuyezetsa kofulumira kumakhala kopanda miyezi 3 mutatenga chiopsezo
Ngati ali ndi HIV, ndiye kuti munthuyo ali ndi HIV, ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kuwongolera kudzaperekedwa, nthawi zambiri kutengera malo ogulitsa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV pofuna kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa kachilomboka mthupi.
Werengani komanso: Zonse zokhudza HIV |