Aneurysm ndi kutupa kwa khoma la mtsempha, kuphulika kwake komwe kumabweretsa kutaya magazi, ndi chiopsezo cha imfa. Zitha kukhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana monga impso, mtima kapena ubongo.

Tanthauzo la aneurysm

Aneurysm imadziwika ndi chophukacho pakhoma la mtsempha wamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti womalizayo afooke. Aneurysms imatha kukhala chete kapena kupasuka, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda aakulu kapena imfa.

Aneurysm imatha kuchitika m'mitsempha yayikulu monga yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo ndi aorta.

Aneurysm imathanso kuchitika m'mitsempha yozungulira - nthawi zambiri kumbuyo kwa bondo - ngakhale kuti kuphulika kwa izi kumakhala kosowa.

Malo awiri ofunika kwambiri a aneurysms ndi awa:

Mu mtsempha womwe umachoka pamtima mwachindunji: ndi aortic aneurysm. Zimaphatikizapo aneurysm yamsempha wa thoracic ndi aneurysm yamsempha wa m'mimba.

Mu mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapereka ubongo: ndi cerebral aneurysm, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa intracranial aneurysm.

Palinso mitundu ina ya aneurysms monga yomwe imakhudza mitsempha ya mesenteric (yokhudza mitsempha yomwe imadyetsa m'mimba) ndi yomwe imakhudza mitsempha ya splenic ndi yomwe imapezeka mu ndulu.

Pankhani ya aneurysm ya ubongo, yotsirizirayi imatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kapena kuphulika kwa magazi, kumayambitsa magazi muubongo: wina amalankhula ndiye za.Chilonda mtundu wa hemorrhagic. Nthawi zambiri ubongo wa aneurysm kuchokera ku chotengera chophwanyika umapezeka pakati pa ubongo ndi minofu (meninges) yomwe imaphimba ubongo. Mtundu uwu wa hemorrhagic sitiroko umatchedwa subarachnoid hemorrhage. Komabe, ma aneurysms ambiri a muubongo samang'ambika. Mitsempha yaubongo imakhala yofala kwambiri mwa akulu kuposa ana komanso mwa amayi kuposa amuna.

Zifukwa za kupasuka kwa aneurysm

Kodi aneurysms amapangidwa bwanji?

Kutupa kwa mtsempha wamagazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kupatulira kwa khoma lake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kukulitsa mtsempha wamagazi mosadziwika bwino.

Aortic aneurysm nthawi zambiri imatenga mawonekedwe a chiphuphu chomwe chimakhala chofanana kuzungulira mtsempha, pamene ubongo wa ubongo m'malo mwake umapangitsa kupanga chotupa chomwe chimatenga mawonekedwe a thumba, nthawi zambiri pamalo omwe mitsempha imakhala yosalimba kwambiri.

Ma aneurysms opunduka muubongo ndi omwe amayambitsa mtundu wa sitiroko wotchedwa subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mtundu uwu wa sitiroko ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi sitiroko ya ischemic.

Chifukwa chiyani aneurysms imayamba?

Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chomwe khoma la arterial limafowoka komanso momwe limathandizira kuti apangitse aneurysm.

Komabe, zimadziwika kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zowopsa (onani m'munsimu) zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha aneurysms.

Kuzindikira kwa aneurysm ya ubongo

Ngati muli ndi mutu wadzidzidzi kapena woopsa kapena zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi aneurysm, mudzakhala ndi mayeso kapena mayesero angapo kuti mudziwe ngati mukutuluka magazi pakati pa ubongo wanu ndi minofu yozungulira (hemorrhage subbarachnoid) kapena mtundu wa stroke. .

Ngati magazi atuluka, gulu ladzidzidzi lidzazindikira ngati aneurysm ndi chifukwa.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za aneurysm yosasweka muubongo - monga kupweteka kumbuyo kwa diso lanu, mavuto a masomphenya, ndi ziwalo za mbali imodzi ya nkhope yanu - mudzayesedwanso chimodzimodzi.

Mayeso a diagnostic akuphatikizapo:

• Computerized tomography (CT). CT scan iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyesa koyamba komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati pali magazi muubongo.
• Kujambula kwa magnetic resonance (MRI). MRI imagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ipange zithunzi zambiri za ubongo. Amawunika mitsempha mwatsatanetsatane amatha kuzindikira malo a aneurysm.
• Cerebrospinal fluid test. Subarachnoid kukha magazi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukhalapo kwa maselo ofiira a magazi mu cerebrospinal fluid (madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana). Kuyezetsa uku kumachitika ngati pali zizindikiro za aneurysm.
• Cerebral angiography kapena alireza. Panthawiyi, dokotala amalowetsa utoto mu catheter mumtsempha waukulu - nthawi zambiri mu groin. Mayesowa ndi ovuta kuposa ena ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso ena sapereka chidziwitso chokwanira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso oyerekeza kuti awone ngati ma aneurysms a muubongo omwe sanadutse nthawi zambiri sikuvomerezeka pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mbiri yabanja ndi wachibale woyamba (kholo, mbale).

Zovuta za aneurysm

Anthu ambiri okhala ndi aneurysm samavutika ndi zovutazo. Kuwongolera zinthu zowopsa ndikofunikira, komabe.

Mavuto a aneurysm ndi awa:

• Venous thromboembolism: Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ndi magazi kungayambitse kupweteka kwa chiwalo monga pamimba kapena ubongo, ndipo pamapeto pake kungayambitse sitiroko.
• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa ndi / kapena m'chiuno: zimachitika potsatira kung'ambika kwa aortic aneurysm chete kapena kupasuka.
• angina pectoris : Mitundu ina ya aneurysm imatha kuyambitsa angina pectoris, ululu wokhudzana ndi mitsempha yopapatiza yomwe imapereka kusakwanira kwa mtima.

Nkhani ya cerebral aneurysm

Pamene aneurysm ya muubongo iphulika, magazi amatuluka nthawi zambiri masekondi angapo. Kutaya magazi kumatha kuwononga ma cell aubongo (ma neurons). Zimawonjezeranso kupanikizika mkati mwa chigaza.

Kuthamanga kukakwera kwambiri, magazi ndi mpweya wopita ku ubongo zimatha kusokonezedwa mpaka kukomoka kapena kufa kumene.

Zovuta zomwe zimatha kuchitika pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa aneurysm ndi monga:

• Kukhetsa magazi kwina. Kuphulika kwa aneurysm kumatha kukhetsanso magazi, kuwononganso ma cell a ubongo.
• Vasospasm. Pambuyo pa aneurysm, mitsempha yamagazi mu ubongo imatha kuchepera mwadzidzidzi komanso kwakanthawi: iyi ndi vasospasm. Izi zachilendo zimatha kulepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi kupita ku ma cell aubongo, kupangitsa sitiroko ya ischemic ndikuwononganso ma neuron.
• Hydrocephalus. Pamene kupasuka kwa aneurysm kumayambitsa magazi mu danga pakati pa ubongo ndi minofu yozungulira (subarachnoid hemorrhage), magazi amatha kulepheretsa kutuluka kwa madzi (otchedwa cerebrospinal fluid) ozungulira ubongo ndi thupi. msana wa msana. Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa kuchulukira kwamadzimadzi muubongo komwe kumawonjezera kupanikizika kwaubongo ndipo kumatha kuwononga minofu: ndi hydrocephalus.
• Hyponatremia. Kutaya magazi kwa Subarachnoid pambuyo pa aneurysm yaubongo kumatha kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa sodium m'magazi. Izi zingapangitse kuwonongeka mu hypothalamus, malo omwe ali m'munsi mwa ubongo. A kuchepa kwa sodium m'magazi (yotchedwa hyponatremia) ingayambitse kutupa kwa neurons ndi kuwonongeka kosatha.