Azimayi ambiri a ku Russia angafune kulera mwana mmodzi, koma magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse amasiya umayi kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimalepheretsa izi ndipo akazi a ku Russia amasangalala? Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akufuna kupeza mayankho.
M'chigawo choyamba cha 2022, VTsIOM ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala Gedeon Richter anachita kafukufuku wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Gedeon Richter Women's Health Index 2022. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, zinaonekeratu kuti 88% ya omwe anafunsidwa akufuna kukweza imodzi. kapena ana ochulukirapo, koma 29% yokha mwa omwe adafunsidwa akukonzekera kukhala ndi mwana m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. 7% ya amayi safuna kukhala ndi ana.
Azimayi aku Russia a 1248 azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 45 adachita nawo kafukufukuyu.
Nchiyani chimalepheretsa akazi a ku Russia kukhala ndi ana posachedwa?
mavuto azachuma ndi mavuto okhala ndi nyumba (39% ya omwe sakukonzekera kukhala ndi ana m'tsogolomu);
kusowa bata m'moyo (77% ya atsikana omwe ali m'gulu la "pansi pa 24");
kukhalapo kwa mwana mmodzi, awiri kapena kuposerapo (37% ya chiwerengero cha ofunsidwa);
zoletsa zokhudzana ndi thanzi (17% mwa onse omwe anafunsidwa);
zaka (36% ya ofunsidwa amawona zaka zawo kukhala zosayenera kubereka).
"Mchitidwe wa kuchedwa kwa amayi ukuwoneka padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo ku Russia," akutero Yulia Koloda, Wosankhidwa wa Sayansi ya Zamankhwala, Pulofesa Wothandizira wa Dipatimenti ya Obstetrics ndi Gynecology ya Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductologist. "Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kubereka kumakula ndi zaka: ali ndi zaka 35, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la mazira zimachepa kwambiri, ndipo pa 42, mwayi wobala mwana wathanzi ndi 2-3% yokha."
Malingana ndi Yuri Koloda, ndikofunika kukambirana zolinga zanu zokhala ndi ana ndi gynecologist, chifukwa akhoza kupereka njira zabwino kwambiri malinga ndi zofuna za mkazi. Mwachitsanzo,
ukadaulo wamakono umakupatsani mwayi kuti muyimitse mazira - ndipo muyenera kuchita izi musanakwanitse zaka 35
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukonza pakapita nthawi matenda omwe amadalira mahomoni omwe angakhudze ntchito yobereka (polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, ndi ena).
Ofunsidwa amagwirizanitsa kubadwa kwa mwana ndi:
udindo wa moyo ndi thanzi lake (65% mwa onse omwe anafunsidwa);
chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mwana (58%);
zikamera wa tanthauzo la moyo wa mwana (32%);
lingaliro la kukwanira kwa banja (30%).
Azimayi omwe alibe ana amaganiza kuti kubadwa kwa mwana kudzawabweretsera chisangalalo (51%), koma nthawi yomweyo kumalepheretsa zofuna za mwanayo (23%), kusokoneza moyo wachuma (24%). %), ndi kuwononga thanzi lawo ndi maonekedwe awo (khumi ndi atatu%).
Koma mosasamala kanthu za zinthu zonse zoipa, akazi ambiri a ku Russia amasangalala kukhala amayi.
Amayi 92 pa 7 aliwonse omwe anafunsidwa adavotera kukhutitsidwa kwawo ndi izi pamlingo wa 10 mpaka 10 pa sikelo ya 46. The pazipita mlingo «osangalala kwathunthu» anapatsidwa ndi 6,75% ya akazi ndi ana. Mwa njira, amayi omwe ali ndi ana amayesa kuchuluka kwawo kwachisangalalo kuposa akazi opanda ana: omwe analipo kale ndi 10 pa 5,67 motsutsana ndi 2022 mfundo zomaliza. Osachepera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri mu XNUMX.
Katswiri wama Psychology Ilona Agrba m'mbuyomu zolembedwa Zifukwa zisanu zazikulu zomwe akazi a ku Russia amapewa kukaonana ndi gynecologist: manyazi, mantha, kusakhulupirira, kusaphunzira kwawo komanso kusasamala kwa madokotala. Malingaliro ake, izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka kuyambira nthawi za Soviet, ndipo kusintha kwachipatala komanso maphunziro a amayi aku Russia kukuchitika pang'onopang'ono.