Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, nkhalango zambiri zinali m'chigawo cha Iberia. Koma posakhalitsa zonse zinasintha. Zaka mazana ambiri za nkhondo ndi kuwukiridwa, kufutukuka kwaulimi ndi kudula mitengo m’migodi ya malasha ndi kutumiza zombo zapamadzi kwawononga mbali yaikulu ya nkhalango ndi kusandutsa malo onga Matamorisca, mudzi waung’ono kumpoto kwa Spain, kukhala maiko osatha.
Nyengo yowuma ndi dothi lowonongeka silingagwirizane ndi kukonzanso nkhalango, koma kwa Land Life, kampani ya Amsterdam, awa ndi malo abwino. “Nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito kumene chilengedwe sichingabwerere chokha. Timapita kumene nyengo ili yoipa kwambiri, ndi mphepo yamkuntho kapena yotentha kwambiri, "atero a Jurian Rice, CEO wa Land Life.
Kampaniyi idakutidwa ndi chipangizo chake mahekitala 17 osabala ku Matamoriska, a boma lachigawo. Chipangizochi, chotchedwa Cocoon, chimawoneka ngati donati wamkulu wosawonongeka wa makatoni omwe amatha kusunga malita 25 a madzi mobisa kuti athandize mbande m'chaka chawo choyamba. Pafupifupi 16 mitengo ya oak, phulusa, mtedza ndi rowan inabzalidwa mu May 000. Kampaniyo inanena kuti 2018% ya iwo inapulumuka m'chilimwe chotentha cha chaka chino popanda kuthirira kowonjezera, kudutsa gawo lofunika kwambiri la mtengo wawung'ono.
“Kodi chilengedwe chimabwerera chokha? Mwina. Koma zitha kutenga zaka makumi kapena mazana, kotero tikufulumizitsa ntchitoyi, "akutero Arnout Asyes, Chief Technology Officer ku Land Life, yemwe amayang'anira kuphatikiza kwa zithunzi za drone ndi satellite, kusanthula kwakukulu kwa data, kukonza nthaka, ma tag a QR, ndi ma tag. Zambiri. .
Kampani yake ndi ya gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la mabungwe omwe akuyesetsa kupulumutsa madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo kapena odulidwa nkhalango kuyambira kumadera obiriwira obiriwira mpaka kumapiri ouma omwe ali m'madera ofunda. Polimbikitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo padziko lonse ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, maguluwa akupita patsogolo pa njira yobzalanso nkhalango. “Ili si lingaliro longoyerekeza. Zimatengera zolimbikitsa zoyenera, okhudzidwa oyenera, kusanthula koyenera ndi ndalama zokwanira kuti zitheke, "atero Walter Vergara, katswiri wa zankhalango ndi nyengo ku World Resources Institute (WRI).
Momwe zinthuzi zimakhalira pamodzi pozungulira polojekiti inayake komanso ngati zingatheke kupulumutsa nkhalango zomwe zadulidwa zimatengera mtundu wa chilengedwe chomwe mumaganizira. Nkhalango zachiwiri ku Amazon ndizosiyana ndi mitengo yapaini yaku Texas yomwe imayambanso kuchokera kumoto wamtchire kapena nkhalango za boreal zomwe zimaphimba mbali zambiri za Sweden. Mlandu uliwonse umayang'ana zifukwa zake zoyendetsera mapulogalamu obzala nkhalango ndipo nkhani iliyonse ili ndi zosowa zake. M'malo owuma ozungulira Matamoriska ndi madera ofanana ku Spain, Land Life ikuda nkhawa ndi chipululu chofulumira. Popeza cholinga chake ndi kukonzanso chilengedwe, amagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe omwe sayembekezera kubweza ndalama zawo.
Ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 2015 omwe adabzalidwanso padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 600, ndi mahekitala ena 1100 omwe akukonzekera chaka chino, zokhumba za kampaniyo zikugwirizana ndi Bonn Challenge, kuyesetsa kwapadziko lonse kubwezeretsa mahekitala 150 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi omwe adadulidwa nkhalango ndi pangozi pofika chaka cha 2020. Ili ndi dera lapafupi kukula kwa Iran kapena Mongolia. Pofika chaka cha 2030, akukonzekera kuti afikire mahekitala 350 miliyoni - 20% malo ambiri kuposa India.
Zolinga izi zikuphatikizapo kukonzanso nkhalango zomwe zasokonekera kapena zimawoneka zofooka pang'ono, ndikubwezeretsanso nkhalango zomwe zasowa. Cholinga chapadziko lonse lapansichi chaphwanyidwa ndikupangidwa ku Latin America ngati njira ya 20 × 20 kuti ithandizire kukwaniritsa cholinga chonse cha mahekitala 20 miliyoni poyambitsa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati mothandizidwa ndi maboma.
Mosiyana ndi Land Life Company, pulojekitiyi yachigawo chonsechi imapereka nkhani zachuma ndi zamalonda pakubzalanso nkhalango, ngakhale zikubwezeretsedwanso kuti zisunge zachilengedwe. “Muyenera kupeza ndalama zamakampani. Ndipo likululi liyenera kubweza ndalama zake, "atero a Walter Vergara. Kafukufuku yemwe adachita akuneneratu kuti Latin America iwona mtengo womwe ulipo pafupifupi $23 biliyoni pazaka 50 ngati ingakwaniritse cholinga chake.
Ndalamazo zimachokera ku malonda a nkhuni zomwe zimasamalidwa bwino, kapena kukolola "zinthu zopanda matabwa" monga mtedza, mafuta ndi zipatso za mitengo. Mutha kuganizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa womwe nkhalango yanu imatengera ndikugulitsa kaboni kumakampani omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wawo. Kapena mutha kukulitsa nkhalango mukuyembekeza kuti zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zidzakopa alendo okaona zachilengedwe omwe amalipira malo ogona, maulendo okakwera mbalame ndi chakudya.
Komabe, othandizira awa sali likulu lalikulu. Ndalama zoyambira 20 × 20 zimachokera makamaka ku mabungwe azachuma omwe ali ndi zolinga zitatu: kubweza pang'ono pazogulitsa zawo, zopindulitsa zachilengedwe, komanso zopindulitsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti mabizinesi osintha anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa othandizana nawo 20 × 20 ndi thumba la Germany 12Tree. Adayika US$9,5 miliyoni ku Cuango, malo okwana mahekitala 1,455 pagombe la Panama ku Caribbean komwe amaphatikiza minda yamalonda ya koko ndi kukolola matabwa kuchokera kunkhalango yachiwiri yosamalidwa bwino. Ndi ndalama zawo, iwo anagulanso malo amene poyamba ankaweta ng’ombe, n’kupereka ntchito zapamwamba kwa anthu oyandikana nawo, ndipo anabweza ndalama zawo.
Ngakhale pa malo odulidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo ndipo tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi, mbewu zina zimatha kukhala pamodzi ndi nkhalango ngati papezeka kulinganiza koyenera. Pulojekiti yapadziko lonse yotchedwa Breedcafs ikuphunzira momwe mitengo imachitira m'mafamu a khofi ndi chiyembekezo chopeza mbewu zomwe zimatha kumera pansi pa mthunzi wa denga. Khofi amamera mwachibadwa m’nkhalango zoterezi, ndipo amachulukana kwambiri moti mbewuyo imafika ku mizu.
Katswiri wa khofi, Benoît Bertrand, yemwe akutsogolera ntchitoyi ku French Center for Agricultural Research for International Development (Cirad), anati: “Mwa kubweretsanso mitengo m’malo, timakhala ndi chiyambukiro chabwino pa chinyontho, mvula, kusunga nthaka ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Bertrand akuwunika ma khofi ambiri omwe ali oyenerera dongosololi. Njira yofananira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumadera okhala ndi koko, vanila ndi mitengo yazipatso.
Si malo aliwonse oyenera kubzalanso nkhalango. Othandizana nawo a Walter Vergar akuyang'ana ndalama zotetezeka, ndipo ngakhale Land Life Company imayang'anira ntchito zazikulu zokha m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa monga Spain, Mexico kapena USA. "Timakonda kupeŵa zochitika zazikulu m'madera a Middle East kapena Africa kumene kulibe kupitiriza," akutero Jurian Rice.
Koma pamalo oyenera, mwina chomwe mungafune ndi nthawi. Ku Costa Rica m'chigawo chapakati cha Pacific Ocean, malo a Baru National Wildlife Refuge okwana mahekitala 330 ndi osiyana ndi malo owetera ng'ombe omwe adakhala m'malo mwake mpaka 1987, pomwe Jack Ewing adaganiza zosintha malowa kukhala malo oyendera zachilengedwe. M’malo momusokoneza, mnzake anam’langiza kuti alole chilengedwe kuchita zinthu zake.
Malo omwe kale anali msipu wa Baru tsopano ndi nkhalango zobiriwira, zokhala ndi mahekitala oposa 150 a nkhalango yachiwiri yobwezeretsedwa popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, anyani a Howler (mtundu wa anyani amphuno yotakata), Scarlet Macaws komanso ma cougars osamukasamuka abwerera kudera lachitetezo, zomwe zidathandizira kukulitsa zokopa alendo komanso kukonzanso zachilengedwe. Jack Ewing, amene tsopano ali ndi zaka 75, ananena kuti chipambano chimenechi chinayamba chifukwa cha mawu a bwenzi lake zaka makumi atatu zapitazo: “Ku Costa Rica, pamene muleka kuyesa kulamulira tchire louma, nkhalango imabwerera kaamba ka kubwezera.”