Momwe mungamangire kusamba ndi manja anu

Anthu ambiri amakonda kupita kosamba, koma si aliyense amene amafuna kuwononga ndalama poyendera. Mwamwayi, izi sizofunikira. Mutha kumanga malo amoyo ndikupumula nokha. Pamodzi ndi kusamba katswiri Vera Petrakovich tikukuuzani momwe mungamangire nyumba yosambira ndi manja anu, komanso khama ndi ndalama zomwe zidzatenge.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pomanga kusamba

Kuti mupange kusamba nokha, muyenera kukonzekera ndondomekoyi. Pangani dongosolo, bajeti ndikutsata mosamalitsa.

1. Kamangidwe

Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira za kapangidwe ka kusamba kwanu. Akhoza kukhala:

- Malo ochepa osambira - chipinda cha nthunzi, chipinda chochapira ndi chipinda chobvala. Ngati pali malo, mukhoza kukonza chipinda chopumula, koma izi sizofunikira kwa iwo omwe amasamba, mwachitsanzo, mu kanyumba ka chilimwe, adatero Vera.

Malinga ndi katswiriyo, ndikofunika kupeza chipinda choterocho pafupi ndi dziwe kapena gwero la madzi - chitsime kapena chitsime - ndiye kuti sipadzakhala mavuto ndi mauthenga.

2. Mapangidwe a schema

Ndi bwino kulingalira za malo a malo ndi miyeso ya zomanga pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekera zojambula zoyenera. Lamulo lalikulu ndilopanga mawerengedwe poganizira kutalika kwa mlendo.

Kutalika kwa denga pakusamba kwapakati nthawi zambiri kumayambira pa 2 metres kupita kumtunda. Osachepera 1 sq. mamita ayenera kuperekedwa mu chipinda cha nthunzi pa munthu aliyense. Malo ovala - osachepera 2 lalikulu mita. mamita, kusamba - 1,5 lalikulu mamita. mita. Zowonjezereka, zabwino, makamaka mu chipinda cha nthunzi, chifukwa ichi ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pakusamba.

Ziwerengero zonse ndi zizindikiro ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu ndondomeko yapadera. Iyenera kuwonetsa:

Zojambula zokonzeka zimapezeka pa intaneti, kapena zitha kuyitanidwa kuchokera kwa akatswiri. Amisiri ena amatha kujambula njira yopangira kusamba ndi manja awo.

3. Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zosambira

Pansi pa kusamba sikungapangidwe kokha ndi matabwa, komanso zipangizo zina. Iliyonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Chisankho chili kwa eni ake.

Mtengo

Masamba achikhalidwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi. Kununkhira kosangalatsa, zosakaniza zachilengedwe - izi ndi zomwe anthu amadziwa komanso amakonda. Choyipa chake ndi kudalirika. Mitengo imawonongeka kuchokera kumadzi, imatha kuyaka, "kukondedwa" ndi tizilombo. Pachifukwa ichi, pamafunika chithandizo chapadera ndi antiseptics.

Arbolite

Mipiringidzo ya konkire yomwe nyumba yosambiramo imapangidwira amapangidwa kuchokera ku utuchi wosakanikirana ndi simenti. Zinthu zoterezi ndizotsika mtengo, ndizosavuta kuzisonkhanitsa komanso zimalemera mopepuka. Komabe, zinthuzi sizimatenthetsa bwino ndipo sizikhazikika ku chinyezi.

Njerwa

Kusamba kopangidwa ndi mwala kumakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Nyumba zopangidwa ndi njerwa za ceramic kapena clinker sizifuna zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndizotetezeka ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Malo osambira a njerwa ayenera kukhala ndi maziko olimba. Chodalirika kwambiri ndi tepi ya monolithic. Sizophweka kwambiri kukhazikitsa, koma padzakhala mavuto aakulu ndi izo. Mwalawu ndi wokwera mtengo, sudutsa mpweya bwino ndipo umafunika kutsekemera kuchokera mkati.

Komanso, njira zotsika mtengo zopangira njerwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida: midadada ya thovu, midadada, midadada yamagesi ndi midadada yokulirapo.

4. Kusankha malo

Chinthuchi chikhoza kunenedwa kuti chinapangidwa ndi masanjidwewo, komabe ndibwino kunena za izo mosiyana. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupanga khomo lakumaso posambira kumbali yakumwera, kuti m'nyengo yozizira zikhale zosavuta kulowamo. Ndi bwino kuyika mazenera kumbali ya dzuwa kuti chipindacho chiyatse bwino popanda magetsi.

- Musaiwale za malamulo otetezera moto. Ndikoyenera kuyika nyumba yotere pamtunda wa mamita 10-15 kuchokera panyumba, Petrakovich amagawana.

Komanso, malamulo a malo osambira amalembedwa m'malamulo:

5. Kukonzekera kwamkati

Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo kuyenera kuganiziridwa osati kokha kwa makonzedwe akunja a kusamba, komanso kwa mkati. Makamaka, ndikofunika kusamalira kutentha kwa kutentha. Ngati kusamba kuli pansi pa denga limodzi ndi nyumba, ndiye kuti kunja kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene iyi ndi nyumba yosiyana, ndiye kuti kutsekemera kwamkati kumakhala kokwanira.

Kutenthetsa kutentha mu kusamba kuyenera kukhala hygroscopic, mulibe poizoni, kukhala ndi matenthedwe otsika, kutsata miyezo ya chitetezo cha moto ndikusunga mawonekedwe ake. Kwa iwo omwe amasamba ndi manja awo, khalidwe lotere monga kufulumira kumangirira ndilofunikanso.

Mfundo ina yofunika ndi nthunzi chotchinga. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Muyenera kuganiziranso nkhani yolumikizana. Ngati kusamba kumamangiriridwa panyumba, ndiye kuti izi zidzakhala zosavuta kuthana nazo. Makamaka, izi zimagwira ntchito pa madzi.

- Kuti kusamba kukhale kouma, m'pofunika kusokoneza bwino kuchoka ndi kutuluka kwa madzi mmenemo, - zolemba zathu za interlocutor. - Ngalande, ngalande, zonse ziyenera kuchitika moyenera.

Kupereka madzi pachitsime kapena posungira, padzakhala kofunikira kugula mpope wapadera pachifukwa ichi. Madzi amalowa kudzera mu chitoliro, chomwe chiyenera kusindikizidwa. M'pofunikanso kusamalira madzi.

Mwa njira, ngati simukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito kusamba nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kunyamula madzi kumeneko. Mutha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwake komwe kumafunikira m'mabotolo kapena zotengera zina.

Ndi ntchito yanji yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa pomanga bafa

Pamene pali kumvetsetsa momwe mungamangire nyumba yosambira ndi manja anu, chithunzi chajambula, zida zofunikira zagulidwa, ndiye muyenera kupita ku bizinesi. Tikukuuzani poyambira.

Kukonzekera kwa malo ndi kutsanulira maziko

Pansi pa kusamba muyenera malo ophwanyika - opanda udzu, zomera zina ndi zinyalala. Dothi lapamwamba limachotsedwa pamtunda wa 15-20 cm. Mumalemba pozungulira ndi zikhomo, zomwe mumakokerapo chingwe.

Kenako, muyenera kukumba ngalande, mabowo a mitengo (ngati kusamba kwapangidwa) kapena dzenje la maziko. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wamtundu womwe mungakhale nawo komanso chifukwa chake. Kwa osambira opangidwa ndi njerwa kapena matabwa, ndi bwino kupanga tepi ya monolithic konkriti ndi mlingo wochepa wolowera. Zikatero, ntchito kulimbikitsa pamaso kuthira maziko.

Kumanga nyumba

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zambiri apa zimadalira zipangizo zomwe kusamba kwanu kudzakhala. Ngati mukuzipanga kuchokera ku midadada kapena njerwa, ndiye kuti choyamba muyenera kuyika maziko ndi simenti ndipo, mutatha kuyanika, muphimbe ndi denga lopindika pakati, lomwe lidzagwira ntchito yoletsa madzi.

Kuyika makoma kuyenera kuyambira pamakona. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana ndege kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomangazo zili pamtunda womwewo. Njerwayo imayalidwa pa simenti yosakaniza ndi mchenga. Zomangamanga - pa guluu. Pamalo omwe mazenera ndi zitseko zidzakhalapo, ma jumper amayikidwa. M'pofunikanso kupanga lamba wokhala ndi zida zomwe zidzamanga makoma onse a nyumbayo kukhala chimango chimodzi. Maboti apadenga amakhazikikapo. Denga limamangidwa pamene njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zinthu zimapeza mphamvu.

Mitengo imayikidwa molingana ndi mfundo ya tenon-groove. Poganizira kulemera kwawo, mudzafunika wothandizira. Ndibwino kuti musatenge zipika zosasamalidwa, koma zozungulira, zomwezo pamtanda.

Maziko opepuka ndi okwanira pamtengo. Msonkhano wochokera pamenepo umatchedwa chimango, umatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwachangu kwambiri. Makoma amapangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa lattice. Choyamba, zingwe zapansi za mtengowo zimasonkhanitsidwa, zinthuzo zimangiriridwa ndi zomangira kapena zomata pamakona achitsulo, ndiye kuti zomangira zimayikidwa kumapeto, moyandikana ndi zomwe zipika zapansi zimapita, zimadulidwa kuchokera kumbuyo. kotero kuti bolodi lina lomaliza la zomangira liyikidwa. Mitengoyi iyenera kuikidwa kuti insulator yotentha ikhale pakati pawo, ubweya wa mchere ndi wabwino. Kwa zingwe zotsika za matabwa, miyeso ya 100 × 100 mm ndiyoyenera. Pansi pa chimango cha makoma - 50 × 100 mm. Kwa chotchinga cha nthunzi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito filimu. Mzere wakunja ndi wamkati nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa am'mphepete, lining, OSB kapena siding. Sheathing ndi kutchinjiriza matenthedwe mu kusamba chimango zimachitika pambuyo unsembe wa denga.

Easy kukhazikitsa ndi kusamba pallets ndi matabwa. Amamangirizidwa pamodzi ndi zomangira zodziwombera kapena ma dowels amatabwa. Malowa akhoza kukhala ofukula kapena opingasa.

Kuyika pansi

Apa kuyika kumapita molingana ndi mtundu wa "puff". Choyamba bwerani zipika, zomwe zingakhale zitsulo, matabwa, polima kapena konkire yolimba. Ndiye subfloor, nthunzi chotchinga tepi, kutchinjiriza, madzi ndi pamwamba decking.

Posambira kuchokera ku bar, pansi ndi kosavuta kupanga. Choyamba pakubwera wosanjikiza kutchinjiriza, ndiyeno kumaliza bolodi.

Vera Petrakovich akutsimikiza kuti pansi payenera kupangidwa ndi matailosi. Pansi pake, mutha kukhazikitsa maziko a konkire. Ngati sitikulankhula za chipinda cha nthunzi, ndiye kuti pansi pakhoza kusiyidwa ndi matabwa, koma m'chipinda chomwe chimakhala chotentha kwambiri, izi sizikulimbikitsidwa.

Kuyika padenga

Denga likhoza kukhala lachiwiri kapena limodzi. Njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera ngati kusamba kwanu kuli pamalo omwe kulibe mphepo yamphamvu. Yachiwiri ndi yosamba yomwe ili m'nyumba.

Kumanga kwa denga kumayamba ndi kukhazikitsa mauerlat, pomwe dongosolo la denga la denga limakhazikika. Kenako, muyenera kuyala wosanjikiza madzi ndi kukonza laths wa crate. Gawo lomaliza ndikuyala denga. Slate yoyenera, zinthu zofolera, ma shingles ndi zida zina mwakufuna kwanu. Nthawi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, pepala lodziwika bwino limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kukhazikitsa wosanjikiza wotenthetsera kutentha padenga chifukwa chodalirika cha kusamba.

Kuyika ng'anjo

Monga momwe katswiri akusonyezera, chitofucho chiyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chipinda cha nthunzi. Ovuni ya njerwa yodzaza ndi zinthu zonse idzakhala gawo lofunikira la kapangidwe kake ndipo maziko osiyana adzafunika kuyikidwa pansi pake. Chitofu choterechi chimasunga kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutenthetsa bwino chipinda cha nthunzi. Pomanga ng'anjo ya njerwa, dongo la refractory limagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati muli ndi chipinda chaching'ono cha nthunzi, ndiye kuti mutha kugula chitofu chachitsulo. Amabwera ndi zotenthetsera kutentha, amatenthetsa kusamba ndi madzi. Zomangamanga zoterezi zimatha kupangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe - zimapereka kutentha kofewa, kowala. Koma chipangizochi ndi chosatetezeka ndipo, monga lamulo, mapepala azitsulo amaikidwa pafupi ndi chitofu.

Zitofu zachitsulo zimatsekedwa, pomwe bokosi lamoto lili pansi, chowotcha chimakhala pakati, ndipo thanki yamadzi ili pamwamba, ndi yotseguka - ndi miyala yoyikidwa kunja.

Chitoliro pa ng'anjo chiyenera kukhala ndi chotulukira mwachindunji kuti chisatseke.

Mkati kumaliza

Kutsekemera kumayikidwa pakati pa mipiringidzo, yomwe imamangiriridwa mkati mwa makoma pamtunda wa 40-50 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa mchere. Imatsekedwa ndi filimu yotchinga mpweya, yomwe, imatsekedwa ndi zinthu zomaliza. Kwa wosanjikiza womaliza, tengani matabwa mpaka 2-4 cm kuchokera ku aspen, linden kapena alder. Palibe chifukwa chomwe ma conifers angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'chipinda cha nthunzi, chifukwa amamasula utomoni ukatenthedwa. Mitengo yochokera ku OSB ndi fiberboard ndiyoletsedwanso.

Kuyika ma partitions ndi maalumali

Magawo akusamba amapangidwanso ndi mipiringidzo yapadera yamatabwa. Ntchito yawo ndikulekanitsa zipinda. Kale pansi pa joists, malo ayenera kuperekedwa kwa kuika ndi kukonza.

Mashelufu mu chipinda cha nthunzi ayenera kukhala omasuka momwe angathere. Ndikofunikira kuchita mu 2 kapena 3 tiers - mu mawonekedwe a masitepe akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa denga ndi osachepera 100-120 cm. Kuchokera pansi mpaka pa alumali yoyamba, mtunda uyenera kukhala osachepera 30-45 cm. Kusiyana pakati pa tiers ndi 50 cm. Mashelefu ayenera kukhala otakata kuti azikhala ndi kugona, 80-90 cm akhale okwanira. Kutalika, makamaka osachepera 180 cm, kuti mutha kutambasula miyendo yanu.

Chojambula cha alumali chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku matabwa. Palinso bolodi lopukutidwa lakuthwa konsekonse.

Kuyika mpweya wabwino

Mpweya wabwino mu kusamba ndi mitundu iwiri - yachilengedwe komanso yokakamizidwa. Mawindo amapereka choyamba - mpweya wozizira umalowa kudzera mumodzi, mpweya wotentha umatuluka kupyolera muchiwiri. Chachiwiri chikutanthauza chipangizo chomangidwa ndi magetsi.

Katswiri Malangizo

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka