Ndine wachisoni komanso woda nkhawa…Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kupsinjika maganizo. Amadziwonetsera okha m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa zomwe zimayambitsa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, chomwe chili kutali ndi aliyense. Pulogalamu yophunzitsa za kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa idasankhidwa ndi atolankhani Daria Varlamova ndi Anton Zainiev.¹.

KUSINTHA

Mumakhumudwa nthawi zonse. Kumverera kumeneku kumabwera, titero, kuyambira pachiyambi, mosasamala kanthu kuti mvula ikugwa kunja kwawindo kapena dzuwa, Lolemba lero kapena Lamlungu, tsiku wamba kapena tsiku lanu lobadwa. Nthawi zina kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena chochitika chowopsa chingakhale ngati chilimbikitso, koma zomwe zingachitike zingachedwe.

Zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwenikweni. Mu matenda ovutika maganizo, munthu akhoza kukhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka. Tsiku limodzi kapena awiri okhumudwa si chifukwa chokayikira kuti muli ndi vuto. Koma ngati kunyong'onyeka ndi mphwayi zimakuvutitsani kwa milungu kapena miyezi, ichi ndi chifukwa chotembenukira kwa akatswiri.

Zochita za Somatic. Kutsika kwamphamvu kokhazikika ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kulephera kwa biochemical m'thupi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, "zowonongeka" zina zimachitika: kusokonezeka kwa tulo, mavuto ndi chilakolako, kutaya thupi mopanda nzeru. Komanso, odwala matenda ovutika maganizo nthawi zambiri kuchepetsa libido ndi kuganizira. Amamva kutopa kosalekeza, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti azidzisamalira okha, kuchita ntchito zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, kugwira ntchito komanso kulankhulana ngakhale ndi anthu apamtima.

KUVUTIKA KWA NKHAWA KWAMBIRI

Muli ndi nkhawa, ndipo simungamvetse komwe idachokera.. Wodwalayo saopa zinthu zenizeni monga amphaka akuda kapena magalimoto, koma amakumana ndi nkhawa zosamveka nthawi zonse, kumbuyo.

Zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mofanana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kuti munthu adziwe matenda, nkhawayo iyenera kuti inamveka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuposerapo ndipo osakhudzana ndi matenda ena.

Zochita za Somatic. Kuthamanga kwa minofu, palpitations, kusowa tulo, thukuta. Zimachotsa mpweya wanu. GAD ikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi kuvutika maganizo. Mukhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi khalidwe la munthu masana. Ndi kupsinjika maganizo, munthu amadzuka wosweka ndi wopanda mphamvu, ndipo madzulo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri. Ndi matenda a nkhawa, zosiyana ndi zoona: amadzuka modekha, koma pakapita tsiku, kupsinjika maganizo kumachulukana ndipo moyo wawo umakula.

PANIC DISORDER

Kupanikizika - nthawi za mantha adzidzidzi komanso oopsa, nthawi zambiri osakwanira pazochitikazo. Mpweya ukhoza kukhala bata kotheratu. Pamene akuukira, zingaoneke kwa wodwala kuti watsala pang’ono kufa.

Matendawa amatha kwa mphindi 20-30, nthawi zina pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira tsiku ndi tsiku kufika kumodzi m'miyezi ingapo.

Zochita za Somatic. Nthawi zambiri, odwala samazindikira kuti matenda awo amayamba chifukwa cha mantha, ndipo amapita kwa madokotala ambiri - othandizira ndi a cardiologists ndi madandaulo. Kuonjezera apo, amayamba kuopa kuukiridwa mobwerezabwereza ndikuyesera kubisala kwa ena. Pakati pa kuukiridwa, mantha a kuyembekezera amapangidwa - ndipo izi ndizo mantha a kuukira komweko komanso kuopa kugwera pamalo ochititsa manyazi pamene zikuchitika.

Mosiyana ndi kuvutika maganizo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mantha safuna kufa.. Komabe, amawerengera pafupifupi 90% ya onse osadzivulaza okha. Izi ndi zotsatira za momwe thupi limakhudzira kupsinjika: dongosolo la limbic, lomwe limayambitsa mawonetseredwe a maganizo, limasiya kupereka kugwirizana ndi dziko lakunja. Munthuyo amadzipeza atadzipatula ku thupi lake ndipo nthawi zambiri amayesa kudzivulaza yekha, kuti ayambenso kumverera mkati mwa thupi.

PHOBIC DISORDER

Kuukira kwa mantha ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chinthu chowopsya. Ngakhale phobiayo ili ndi zifukwa zina (mwachitsanzo, munthu amawopa makoswe kapena njoka chifukwa akhoza kuluma), zomwe zimawopsyeza chinthucho nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndi zoopsa zake zenizeni. Munthu amazindikira kuti mantha ake ndi opanda nzeru, koma sangathe kudzithandiza.

Nkhawa mu phobia ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti imatsagana ndi machitidwe a psychosomatic. Wodwalayo amaponyedwa mu kutentha kapena kuzizira, thukuta la manja ake, kupuma movutikira, nseru, kapena kugunda kwamtima kumayamba. Komanso, izi zimachitika osati kugunda ndi iye, komanso maola angapo zisanachitike.

Kusagwirizana Kuopa kutchera khutu kuchokera kwa ena ndi chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, zimachitika mwa anthu 12%. Ma phobias okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudzikayikira, kuopa kutsutsidwa komanso kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa malingaliro a ena. Social phobia nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, koma ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Sociopaths amanyoza miyambo ndi malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu, pamene sociophobes, m'malo mwake, amawopa chiweruzo kuchokera kwa anthu ena kotero kuti sayesa ngakhale kufunsa njira pamsewu.

KUVUTIKA KWAMBIRI

Mumagwiritsa ntchito (ndi kupanga) miyambo kuti muthane ndi nkhawa. Odwala OCD nthawi zonse amakhala ndi malingaliro osokoneza ndi osasangalatsa omwe sangathe kuwachotsa. Mwachitsanzo, amaopa kudzivulaza kapena kudzivulaza kapena kuvulaza munthu wina, amaopa kutenga majeremusi kapena kutenga matenda oopsa. Kapena amavutika maganizo poganiza kuti, pochoka m’nyumba, sanazimitse chitsulocho. Kuti athane ndi malingaliro awa, munthu amayamba kubwereza zomwezo nthawi zonse kuti akhazikike mtima pansi. Nthawi zambiri amatha kusamba m'manja, kutseka zitseko kapena kuzimitsa magetsi nthawi 18, kubwereza mawu omwewo m'mitu yawo.

Kukonda miyambo kumatha kukhala mwa munthu wathanzi, koma ngati maganizo osokoneza ndi zochita zosokoneza zimasokoneza moyo ndikutenga nthawi yochuluka (kuposa ola limodzi patsiku), ichi ndi chizindikiro cha chisokonezo. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder amazindikira kuti malingaliro ake akhoza kukhala opanda nzeru komanso kusudzulana ndi zenizeni, amatopa kuchita zomwezo nthawi zonse, koma kwa iye iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yothetsera nkhawa osachepera pamene.

MUNGACHITE BWANJI NDI IZI?

Kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa nthawi zambiri kumachitika limodzi: mpaka theka la anthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo alinso ndi zizindikiro za nkhawa, ndipo mosiyana. Choncho, madokotala akhoza kupereka mankhwala omwewo. Koma muzochitika zonse pali ma nuances, chifukwa zotsatira za mankhwala ndizosiyana.

Ma antidepressants amagwira ntchito bwino m'kupita kwanthawi, koma sangachepetse mantha adzidzidzi. Choncho, odwala matenda nkhawa komanso zotchulidwa tranquilizers (benzodiazepines ambiri ntchito mu US ndi mayiko ena, koma mu Russia kuyambira 2013 iwo ali ofanana ndi mankhwala ndi anasiya kufalitsidwa). Amathetsa chisangalalo ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yokhazika mtima pansi pakatikati pa mitsempha. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, munthu amamasuka, amagona, amachedwa.

Mankhwala amathandiza koma amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa m'thupi, kusinthana kwa ma neurotransmitters kumasokonekera. Mankhwala amabwezeretsa moyenera zinthu zoyenera (monga serotonin ndi gamma-amionobutyric acid), koma musayembekezere zozizwitsa kuchokera kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku antidepressants, malingaliro a odwala amawuka pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira zowoneka zimatheka patatha milungu iwiri itangoyamba kumene. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, osati kokha kudzabwerera kwa munthuyo, nkhawa yake imakula.

Thandizo lachidziwitso: kugwira ntchito ndi malingaliro. Ngati mankhwala ndi ofunikira pothana ndi kukhumudwa kwambiri kapena matenda oda nkhawa kwambiri, ndiye kuti chithandizocho chimagwira ntchito bwino pazovuta kwambiri. CBT imamangidwa pamalingaliro a katswiri wa zamaganizo Aaron Beck kuti malingaliro kapena zizolowezi zodetsa nkhawa zimatha kuwongoleredwa pogwira ntchito ndi malingaliro. Pa gawoli, wothandizila amafunsa wodwala (wothandizira) kuti alankhule za zovuta zawo, kenako amawongolera momwe amachitira ndi zovutazi ndikuzindikira malingaliro (zitsanzo) zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zoyipa. Kenako, malinga ndi lingaliro la wochiritsa, munthuyo amaphunzira kugwira ntchito ndi malingaliro ake ndikuwongolera.

Interpersonal Therapy. Mu chitsanzo ichi, mavuto a kasitomala amawonedwa ngati momwe amachitira ndi zovuta zaubwenzi. Wothandizira, pamodzi ndi kasitomala, amasanthula mwatsatanetsatane zomverera zonse zosasangalatsa ndi zomwe akumana nazo ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a thanzi lamtsogolo. Kenako amapenda ubale wa wofuna chithandizoyo kuti amvetse zomwe amapeza kwa iwo ndi zomwe angafune kulandira. Pomaliza, wofuna chithandizo ndi wothandizira amakhala ndi zolinga zenizeni ndikusankha kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti akwaniritse.

^1. D. Varlamova, A. Zainiev "Pita misala! Chitsogozo cha Kusokonezeka kwa Maganizo kwa Anthu okhala mumzinda waukulu ”(Alpina Publisher, 2016).