"Ulesi ndiye chiyambi cha zoyipa zonse, korona wa zabwino zonse", analemba motero Franz Kafka m’buku lake la zochitika m’chaka cha 1917. Kunena zoona, kusagwira ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri kumaonedwa moipa m’chitaganya lerolino. Zowonadi, kaŵirikaŵiri zimaonedwa kuti n’zosafunika, ngakhale zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ulesi. Ndipo komabe! Ulova, kumene ulesi umachokera ku chiyambi cha etymological, unali, mu Greek kapena Roman Antiquity, wosungidwa kwa anthu omwe anali ndi nthawi yopuma, kuchita ndale ndi zolankhula, ngakhale filosofi. Ndipo chikhalidwe cha nthawi yaulere chimakhalabe lero, ku China, luso lenileni la moyo. Madera akumadzulo akuwoneka kuti akuyambanso kupezanso zabwino zake, panthawi ya kulumikizana kosatha: akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndi afilosofi amawonanso kusagwira ntchito ngati njira yolimbana ndi zokolola zopanda umunthu.

Mawu akuti "osagwira ntchito", amachokera ku liwu lachilatini “Zosangalatsa”, amasankha “Mkhalidwe wa munthu amene amakhala wopanda ntchito ndiponso wopanda ntchito yokhazikika”, malinga ndi tanthauzo loperekedwa ndi dikishonale ya Larousse. Poyambirira, kusiyana kwake kunali "Bizinesi", kumene liwu loti kukana linachokerako, ndipo linatchula ntchito yolimba yosungidwa kwa akapolo, ya magulu apansi m’dziko la Roma. Nzika zachi Greek ndi Aroma, ndiye ojambula zithunzi, adapeza kudzera mu otium mphamvu yowonetsera, kupanga ndale, kulingalira, kuphunzira. Kwa Thomas Hobbes, komanso, "Ulesi ndiye mayi wa filosofi". 

Chifukwa chake, molingana ndi nthawi ndi nkhani zake, kusagwira ntchito kungakhale kwamtengo wapatali: munthu wopanda ntchito yolimbikira amatha kudzipereka kwathunthu kuzinthu zachikhalidwe kapena zanzeru, monga pakati pa Agiriki ndi Aroma a ku Antiquity. . Koma, m’mabungwe amakono amene amayeretsa ntchito, monga yathu, ulesi, wofanana ndi ulesi, uli ndi chithunzithunzi choipa, chogwirizanitsidwa ndi ulesi, ulesi. Kusagwira ntchito kumawonekera, malinga ndi mwambi wofala kwambiri, “Monga mayi wa zoipa zonse”. Zimapatsa munthu wopanda pake chithunzi cha kupanda pake kwake monga chithunzithunzi.

Kusagwira ntchito, komabe, lero, kumayamikiridwa, makamaka ndi akatswiri afilosofi amakono ndi amakono kapena akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu: kotero, akhoza kukhala chida cholimbana ndi zokolola zowononga umunthu. Ndipo mphamvu zake sizimayima pamenepo: kusagwira ntchito kumakulolani kuti mutenge mtunda pang'ono ndikutha kupanga ndikupanga malingaliro atsopano. 

Nzika zimapezanso pamenepo mwayi wobwerera mmbuyo, ndikuwona kuthekera kotenga nthawi yaulere kapena kusinkhasinkha, filosofi ya moyo yomwe ingabweretse chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo. M'dziko lolonjezedwa kufulumira ndi kusinthika kwa ntchito, kodi kusagwira ntchito kungakhalenso njira yatsopano yamoyo, kapenanso kukana? Zikadakhalanso zofunikira, chifukwa cha izi, kukonzekera nzika zamtsogolo kuyambira ali aang'ono kuti akhale ndi moyo wokhazikika, chifukwa monga Paul Morand adalemba mu The wake-up call mu 1937, “Kuchita ulesi kumafuna makhalidwe abwino ambiri monga ntchito; kumafuna kukulitsa malingaliro, moyo ndi maso, kulawa kusinkhasinkha ndi maloto, bata ”.

Ndi Pepani kwa opanda ntchito, Robert-Louis Stevenson analemba kuti: "Kusagwira ntchito sikukutanthauza kuchita kalikonse, koma kuchita zambiri zomwe sizimadziwika m'magulu olamulira." Chifukwa chake, kusinkhasinkha, kupemphera, kuganiza, ngakhale kuwerenga, zochitika zambiri zomwe nthawi zina zimawonedwa ndi anthu ngati zopanda ntchito, zimafuna zabwino zambiri monga ntchito: ndipo mtundu uwu wa ulesi ungafunike, monga anenera Paul Morand. “Kukulitsa malingaliro, moyo ndi maso, kukoma kwa kusinkhasinkha ndi maloto, bata”.

“Anthu amafunikiradi moyo ndi nthawi kuti asachite kalikonse. Tili ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ntchito, pomwe aliyense amene sachita kalikonse amakhala waulesi ”, akutero Pierre Rabhi. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale maphunziro asayansi amawonetsa izi: ikakhala yoyimilira, pakupuma, ubongo umapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, tikalola malingaliro athu kuyendayenda, osayang'ana chidwi chathu, izi zimatsagana ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu muubongo wathu komwe kumawononga pafupifupi 80% ya mphamvu zatsiku ndi tsiku: izi ndi zomwe zidapezeka mu 1996 wofufuza Bharat Biswal, waku Yunivesite. ku Wisconsin.

Komabe, kukhazikika kwaubongo kumeneku, popanda kukondoweza kulikonse, kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa ntchito za zigawo zosiyanasiyana zaubongo wathu, tikamadzuka komanso tikagona. "Mphamvu zakuda zaubongo wathu, (ndiko kuti, ikakhala mumayendedwe okhazikika), akuwonetsa Jean-Claude Ameisen m'buku lake Les Beats du temps, imadyetsa zikumbukiro zathu, maloto athu amasana, malingaliro athu, kusazindikira kwathu tanthauzo la kukhalapo kwathu ”.

Momwemonso, kusinkhasinkha, komwe kumafuna kuyang'ana chidwi chake, kwenikweni ndi njira yokhazikika, pomwe munthu amawongolera malingaliro ake, malingaliro ake… ndipo pomwe kulumikizana kwaubongo kumakonzedwanso. Kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo-psychotherapist Isabelle Célestin-Lhopiteau, wotchulidwa mu Sciences et Avenir, Méditer, "Ndikuchita ntchito yodziwonetsera nokha kukhala ndi gawo lachirengedwe". Ndipo kwenikweni, nthawi "Nthawi zambiri, timangoganizira zam'tsogolo (zomwe zingachitike) kapena timangoganizira zam'mbuyo, kusinkhasinkha ndikubwerera kumasiku ano, kutuluka m'maganizo, kuweruza.".

Kusinkhasinkha kumawonjezera kutulutsa kwa mafunde aubongo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kupumula kwakukulu komanso kudzutsidwa kwabata kwa oyambira. Mwa akatswiri, mafunde ochulukirapo okhudzana ndi zochitika zazikulu zamaganizidwe komanso kudzutsidwa mwachangu kumawonekera. Kusinkhasinkha kungapangitsenso mphamvu kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro abwino pakapita nthawi. Kuonjezera apo, zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu za ubongo zimasinthidwa ndi kusinkhasinkha kosalekeza, kuphatikizapo madera a chidziwitso cha thupi, kugwirizanitsa kukumbukira, kudzidziwitsa komanso maganizo.

Kudziwa kuyimitsa, kukulitsa ulesi: ukoma womwe, ku China, umatengedwa ngati nzeru. Ndipo tikadakhala, malinga ndi wafilosofi Christine Cayol, wolemba Chifukwa chiyani aku China ali ndi nthawis, kupeza zambiri “Kutipatsa chilango chenicheni cha nthawi yaulere”. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kuphunzira kutenga nthawi, kuyika nthawi zathu m'moyo wathu wotanganidwa kwambiri, kukulitsa nthawi yathu yaulere ngati dimba ...

Monga General de Gaulle mwiniwake, yemwe adatenga nthawi kuti ayime, kuyenda ndi mphaka wake kapena kuti apambane, ndipo ngakhale adawona kuti ndizoyipa kuti ena mwa othandizira ake sasiya. "Moyo si ntchito: kugwira ntchito kosatha kumakupangitsa misala", adatsimikiza Charles de Gaulle.

Makamaka popeza kunyong’onyeka, pakokha, kulinso ndi ubwino wake… Zatchulidwa mu Magazini ya Women's Journal, katswiri wa zamaganizo Stephan Valentin akufotokoza kuti: “Kunyong’onyeka n’kofunika kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kukhala ndi malo ake m’moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa ana. Ndilofunika kwambiri pakukula kwake, makamaka pakupanga kwake komanso kusewera kwaulere. “

Motero, mwana wotopetsedwa amachititsidwa ndi zosonkhezera zamkati mwake m’malo modalira zosonkhezera zakunja, zomwenso nthaŵi zambiri zimakhala kwambiri, kapenanso zochuluka kwambiri. Nthawi yamtengo wapatali iyi yomwe mwana amatopa, ikuwonetsanso Stephan Valentin, "Zimamulola kuti adziyang'ane yekha ndikuganizira za ntchito. Kusowa kumeneku kudzasinthidwa kukhala masewera atsopano, zochitika, malingaliro ... ".

Nanga bwanji ngati kusagwira ntchito kunali njira yachisangalalo? Ngati kudziwa momwe mungapewere kusaleza kwamakono kunali chinsinsi cha moyo wachimwemwe, njira yopita ku chisangalalo chosavuta? Hermann Hesse, mu Art of Idleness (2007), amadandaula kuti: "Tingangonong'oneza bondo kuti zododometsa zathu zing'onozing'ono zakhala zikukhudzidwanso ndi kusaleza mtima kwamakono. Njira yathu yosangalalira imakhala yochepa komanso yotopetsa kuposa momwe timachitira ntchito yathu. ” Hermann Hesse akuwonetsanso kuti pomvera mwambi uwu womwe umalamula "Kuti muchite zambiri mu nthawi yochepa", chisangalalo chikucheperachepera, mosasamala kanthu za kuwonjezereka kwa zosangulutsa. Wafilosofi Alain amapitanso mbali iyi, yemwe analemba mu 1928 m'buku lake Za chisangalalo kuti "Cholakwika chachikulu cha nthawi yathu ndikufunafuna liwiro mu chilichonse".

Podziwa kuleka, patulani nthaŵi yosinkhasinkha, kulankhula, kuŵerenga, kukhala chete. Ngakhale, kupemphera, komwe kuli mtundu wina wa"Kuganiza za ulesi"... Kudzipatula tokha ku changu, kudzimasula tokha ku ukapolo wamakono uwu umene magulu athu ogwirizana kwambiri akhala, kumene ubongo wathu umatchedwa nthawi zonse ndi teknoloji ya digito, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi masewera a pakompyuta: zonsezi zimafunanso maphunziro amtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo chatsopano cha anthu, mwachitsanzo, momwe ndalama zopezera ndalama zothandizira anthu onse zimalola iwo omwe akufuna kukhala opanda ntchito m'malo mogwidwa ndi chipwirikiti. "Liwiro lomwe limawononga makina ndikuwononga mphamvu, zomwe zimadabwitsa anthu" (Alain), chisangalalo chatsopano chomwe chili pagulu komanso payekha chitha kuwonekera. 

Pomaliza, kodi sitingagwire mawu a Marcel Proust, yemwe adalemba mu Journées de lecture: “Sipangakhale masiku muubwana wathu amene takhala ndi moyo mokwanira monga aja tinkaganiza kuti tinawasiya osawakhala, masiku amene tinakhala ndi buku lokonda kwambiri. Chilichonse chomwe, chimawoneka, chinawakwaniritsa kwa ena, ndipo chomwe tidachichotsa ngati cholepheretsa kukondweretsa Mulungu ... "