Homuweki yosaoneka: mumagawa bwanji ntchito m'banja?

Werengani ziganizo zinayi zotsatirazi ndipo ganizirani ngati zili pamwambazi zikukhudza inuyo.

1. Ndimagwira ntchito zambiri za m’nyumba—mwachitsanzo, ndimalinganiza ma menyu a mlunguwo, ndimalemba ndandanda wa zakudya zofunika ndi zinthu zapakhomo, kuonetsetsa kuti chilichonse cha m’nyumba chikuyenda bwino, ndiponso kukweza alamu pamene zinthu zikufunika kukonzedwa/kukonzedwa/kusinthidwa. .
2. Ndimaonedwa ngati "kholo losasinthika" pankhani yolumikizana ndi sukulu ya mkaka kapena sukulu, kugwirizanitsa zochitika za ana, masewera, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndikuyendera madokotala. Ndimapenyerera kuti ndiwone ngati ili nthaŵi yogulira ana zovala zatsopano ndi zinthu zina zofunika, limodzinso ndi mphatso zamasiku awo obadwa.
3. Ndine amene ndimapanga thandizo lakunja, mwachitsanzo, amapeza nanny, aphunzitsi ndi au pair, amalumikizana ndi amisiri, omanga ndi zina zotero.
4. Ndimagwirizanitsa moyo wa banja, kukonzekera pafupifupi maulendo onse opita ku zisudzo ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, maulendo opita kunja kwa tawuni ndi misonkhano ndi anzanga, kukonzekera maulendo ndi tchuthi, kusunga zochitika zosangalatsa za mumzinda.

Ngati muvomerezana ndi ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri, mosakayika muli ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu m’banja lanu. Dziwani kuti sindinatchule ntchito wamba monga kuphika, kuyeretsa, kuchapa zovala, kukagula zinthu, kudula udzu, kapena kucheza ndi ana kunyumba kapena kunja. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zinali ntchito zenizeni izi zomwe zidadziwika ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Koma ntchito yachidziwitso inasokonekera ofufuza ndi anthu, popeza sichifuna kuyesetsa, monga lamulo, ndi yosaoneka komanso yosadziwika bwino ndi mafelemu a nthawi.

Ntchito zambiri zapakhomo ndi zosamalira ana zimachitidwa ndi akazi. M’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mabanja owonjezerekawonjezereka awonekera kumene ntchito zapakhomo zimagaŵiridwa mofanana, koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti akazi, ngakhale ogwira ntchito, amakhala otanganitsidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito zapakhomo kuposa amuna.

Ku Washington, DC, komwe ndimachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amayi nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukhumudwa chifukwa cholemedwa ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zilibe chiyambi kapena mapeto komanso nthawi yawo. Komanso, milanduyi imakhala yovuta kufotokoza momveka bwino ndikuyesa.

Katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu wa ku Harvard Allison Daminger posachedwapa anafalitsa kafukufuku¹momwe amafotokozera ndi kufotokoza ntchito yachidziwitso. Mu 2017, adachita zoyankhulana mozama ndi akuluakulu okwatirana 70 (mabanja 35). Anali apakati komanso apamwamba apakati, omwe anali ndi maphunziro a koleji komanso mwana mmodzi wosakwana zaka 5.

Kutengera kafukufukuyu, Daminger akufotokoza zigawo zinayi za ntchito yachidziwitso:

1. Kuneneratu ndi kuzindikira komanso kuyembekezera zosowa, mavuto kapena mwayi womwe ukubwera.
2. Kuzindikiritsa zothandizira - kuzindikira njira zomwe zingathetsere vutoli.
3. Kupanga zisankho ndikusankha zabwino kwambiri pakati pa zomwe zadziwika.
4. Kuwongolera - Kuwona kuti zisankho zapangidwa ndipo zosowa zikukwaniritsidwa.

Kafukufuku wa Daminger, monga maumboni ena ambiri, akusonyeza kuti kulosera ndi kulamulira kumagwera makamaka pamapewa a amayi. Pankhani yozindikiritsa zothandizira (tiyeni tinene kuti funso lopeza sukulu ya mkaka likubwera), amuna akugwira nawo ntchito mwakhama. Koma koposa zonse amatenga nawo mbali popanga zisankho - mwachitsanzo, pamene banja likufunika kusankha sukulu inayake kapena kampani yobweretsera golosale. Ngakhale, ndithudi, maphunziro owonjezera akufunika, omwe, pa chitsanzo chokulirapo, adzapeza momwe mfundo za nkhaniyi zilili zoona.

Chifukwa chiyani ntchito yamalingaliro imakhala yovuta kuwona ndikuzindikira? Choyamba, nthawi zambiri sichiwoneka kwa aliyense koma munthu amene amachichita. Ndi mayi ati amene sanalankhule tsiku lonse za chochitika cha ana chomwe chikubwera pamene akumaliza ntchito yofunika?

Nthawi zambiri, ndi mkazi amene adzakumbukira kuti tomato amene anasiyidwa mu kabati pansi pa firiji wachita zoipa, ndipo adzapanga malingaliro kugula masamba atsopano madzulo kapena kuchenjeza mwamuna wake kuti ayenera kupita ku sitolo. pasanathe Lachinayi, pamene iwo ndithudi adzafunika kuphika sipaghetti.

Ndipo, mwinamwake, ndi iye amene, akuwotchera dzuwa pamphepete mwa nyanja, amaganizira za njira zokonzekera mayeso zomwe zimapatsa mwana wake wamwamuna. Ndipo nthawi imodzimodziyo nthawi ndi nthawi imayang'ana pamene ligi ya mpira wa m'deralo ikuyamba kuvomereza mapulogalamu atsopano. Ntchito yachidziwitso ichi nthawi zambiri imachitika mu «mbiri», mofanana ndi zochitika zina, ndipo sizimatha. Choncho, n'zosatheka kuwerengera nthawi yomwe munthu amathera pamaganizo awa, ngakhale kuti angasokoneze luso lake lokhazikika kuti agwire ntchito yaikulu kapena, mosiyana, kuti apumule.

Mtolo waukulu wamaganizo ukhoza kuyambitsa mikangano ndi mikangano pakati pa okwatirana, popeza zingakhale zovuta kwa wina kuzindikira kuti ntchito imeneyi ndi yolemetsa. Nthaŵi zina amene amachichita samazindikira kuti ali ndi mathayo angati, ndipo samamvetsetsa chifukwa chimene sakukhutira pomaliza ntchito inayake.

Gwirizanani, nkosavuta kumva chisangalalo chojambula mpanda wamunda kusiyana ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse momwe sukulu ikugwiritsira ntchito maphunziro opangidwira makamaka kwa mwana wanu yemwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera.

Ndipo kotero, m'malo mowunika ntchito zolemetsa ndikuzigawa mofanana pakati pa anthu a m'banjamo, "woyang'anira nyumba" akupitiriza kuyang'anira zonse, kubweretsa kutopa kwake. Kutopa kwamaganizo, kungayambitsenso zotsatira zoipa za akatswiri ndi zakuthupi.

Kodi munavomereza ndi mutu pamene mukuwerenga lemba ili? Yang'anani njira zina zomwe ndidaziyesa pantchito yanga yofunsira:

1. Dziwitsani zonse zomwe mumachita mkati mwa sabata. Samalirani makamaka zonse zomwe mumachita kumbuyo, mukugwira ntchito zofunika kapena mukupuma. Lembani zonse zomwe mukukumbukira.

2. Zindikirani kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukuchita osazindikira. Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mwapezazi kuti mupume nthawi ndi nthawi ndikudzichitira mwachifundo komanso mwachifundo.

3. Kambiranani ndi okondedwa wanu za kuthekera kwa kugawanika koyenera kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe. Pozindikira kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukuchita, iye angavomereze kugwira ntchito ina. Njira yabwino yogawana maudindo ndi kusamutsa kwa mnzanu zomwe ali nazo bwino komanso zomwe angakonde kuchita.

4. Ikani pambali nthawi imene mudzaika maganizo anu pa ntchito kapena, tinene, maphunziro a zamasewera. Mukapeza kuti mukuyesera kuganizira za vuto linalake la pakhomo, bwererani kuntchito yomwe muli nayo. Muyenera kupuma kwa masekondi angapo ndikulemba lingaliro lomwe lidabwera pamavuto am'banja kuti musaiwale.

Mukamaliza ntchito kapena maphunziro, mudzatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pavuto lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. Posakhalitsa, chidwi chanu chidzakhala chosankha (kuchita mwanzeru nthawi zonse kumathandiza).

5. Onani zatsopano zilizonse zaukadaulo zomwe zimapangidwira kuchepetsa kulemedwa kwa chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito chokonzera menyu kapena pulogalamu yosaka magalimoto, woyang'anira ntchito, ndi zina zothandiza.

Nthawi zina kungozindikira kuti kulemedwa kwakukulu kwamalingaliro sikungokhala pa ife okha, kuti sitili tokha mu "bwato" ili, kungapangitse moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa ife.

¹ Allison Daminger "Kuzindikira Kwambiri kwa Ntchito Zapakhomo", American Sociological Review, November,

Za wolemba: Elena Kechmanovich ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, woyambitsa ndi mkulu wa Arlington / DC Behavioral Therapy Institute, ndi pulofesa woyendera ku Dipatimenti ya Psychology ku yunivesite ya Georgetown.