Kuti mukwaniritse china chake, muyenera kukhala ndi cholinga, kuchigawa kukhala ntchito, kukhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza… Umu ndi momwe mamiliyoni a mabuku, zolemba ndi makochi amaphunzitsira. Koma ndi kulondola? Zikuwoneka kuti cholakwika ndi chiyani ndikupita ku cholingacho mwadongosolo? Helen Edwards, wamkulu wa laibulale ya sukulu ya bizinesi ya Skolkovo, amatsutsa.
Owain Service ndi Rory Gallagher, olemba a Thinking Narrow. Zodabwitsa njira zosavuta kukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu "ndi ofufuza a Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), ogwira ntchito ku boma la UK:
- Sankhani chandamale choyenera;
- Onetsani chipiriro;
- Gwirani ntchito yayikulu kukhala masitepe osavuta kuwongolera;
- Onani m'maganizo masitepe ofunikira;
- Gwirizanitsani ndemanga;
- Pezani chithandizo chamagulu;
- Kumbukirani mphoto.
BIT ikuphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nudges ndi psychology of motivation "kulimbikitsa anthu kupanga zisankho zabwino kwa iwo eni ndi anthu." Makamaka, zimathandiza kupanga chisankho choyenera pankhani ya moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi.
M'bukuli, olembawo amatchula kafukufuku wa akatswiri a zamaganizo Albert Bandura ndi Daniel Chervon, omwe anayeza zotsatira za ophunzira omwe adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa njinga zolimbitsa thupi. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti "ophunzira omwe adauzidwa komwe adakumana ndi cholinga adachulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri zomwe adachita ndikupambana omwe adangolandira cholinga kapena mayankho okha."
Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri komanso zolondolera zolimbitsa thupi zomwe tili nazo masiku ano zimatilola kupita ku zolinga zosiyanasiyana moyenera kuposa kale. Makampani angapo adayambitsa mapulogalamu olimbitsa thupi ndikugawa ma pedometers kwa ogwira ntchito kuti awalimbikitse kutenga masitepe 10 patsiku. Monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, ambiri anayamba kukhazikitsa pang'onopang'ono cholinga chapamwamba, chomwe chinkawoneka ngati chipambano chachikulu.
Komabe, pali mbali ina yokhazikitsa zolinga. Akatswiri a zamaganizo omwe amalimbana ndi chizolowezi chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopanda thanzi amawona chodabwitsachi mosiyana.
Iwo amadzudzula anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ponena kuti iwo ndi "chinthu chopusa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ... .” ma endorphins, omwe miyezi ingapo yapitayo adakwaniritsidwa ndi katundu wopepuka kwambiri.
M'badwo wa digito ndiwosokoneza kwambiri kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri.
M'buku lomwe lili ndi mutu womveka bwino "Wosatsutsika. Chifukwa chiyani timangoyang'ana, kupukuta, kudina, kuyang'ana koma osasiya?" Katswiri wa zamaganizo pa yunivesite ya Columbia, Adam Alter, anachenjeza kuti: “Timaganizira kwambiri za ubwino wokhala ndi zolinga popanda kulabadira zokhumudwitsa. Kukhazikitsa zolinga kwakhala chida cholimbikitsira m'mbuyomu popeza anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi mphamvu zochepa momwe angathere. Sitingatchulidwe kuti ndife olimbikira mwachidziwitso, abwino komanso athanzi. Koma pendulum yasintha mwanjira ina. Tsopano tikufunitsitsa kuchita zambiri m'nthawi yochepa kotero kuti timayiwala kupuma. ”
Lingaliro la kufunika kokhala ndi cholinga chimodzi pambuyo pa chinzake liripodi posachedwapa. Alter akutsutsa kuti m'badwo wa digito umakonda kwambiri zizolowezi zamakhalidwe kuposa nthawi iliyonse yam'mbuyomu m'mbiri. Intaneti yabweretsa zatsopano zomwe "zimafika, ndipo nthawi zambiri osayitanidwa, m'bokosi lanu la makalata kapena pazenera lanu."
Malingaliro omwewo omwe maboma ndi ntchito zothandizira anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pomanga zizolowezi zabwino zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti makasitomala asagwiritse ntchito katundu ndi ntchito. Vuto pano si kusowa mphamvu, "pali anthu chikwi kumbuyo kwa chinsalu omwe ntchito yawo ndikuphwanya kudziletsa komwe muli nako."
Zogulitsa ndi ntchito zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuposa kuyimitsa, kuchokera ku Netflix, pomwe gawo lotsatira la mndandanda limatsitsidwa, kupita ku World of Warcraft marathons, pomwe osewera safuna kusokonezedwa ngakhale pakugona komanso kugona. chakudya.
Nthawi zina kulimbikitsana kwachidule kwamtundu wa "zokonda" kumapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kusintha mosalekeza Facebook (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia) kapena Instagram (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia). Koma kumverera kwachipambano kumatha msanga. Mukangofika pa cholinga chopeza olembetsa chikwi pa Instagram (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia), latsopano likuwonekera m'malo mwake - tsopano olembetsa zikwi ziwiri akuwoneka ngati chizindikiro choyenera.
Alter ikuwonetsa momwe malonda ndi ntchito zodziwika zimakulitsira kutanganidwa ndikuchepetsa kukhumudwa posokoneza kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi njira zolipira. Zonsezi zimawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo chokhala ndi chizolowezi choledzera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapindula za sayansi yamakhalidwe, ndizotheka kuwongolera osati momwe timapumulira. Noam Scheiber mu The New York Times akufotokoza momwe Uber amagwiritsira ntchito psychology kuti madalaivala ake azigwira ntchito molimbika momwe angathere. Kampaniyo ilibe ulamuliro wachindunji pa madalaivala - ndi amalonda odziyimira pawokha kuposa antchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse amakhala okwanira kuti akwaniritse zofuna ndi kukula kwa kampani.
Woyang’anira kafukufuku wa pa Uber anati: “Masinthidwe athu abwino kwambiri amakulimbikitsani kugwira ntchito molimbika momwe mungathere. Sitikufuna izi mwanjira iliyonse. Koma amenewo ndi makonda okhazikika.
Mwachitsanzo, pali zinthu ziwiri za pulogalamuyi zomwe zimalimbikitsa madalaivala kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika:
- «advance allocation» - madalaivala akuwonetsedwa ulendo wotsatira womwe ulipo usanathe,
- malangizo apadera omwe amawatsogolera komwe kampani ikufuna kuti apite - kuti akwaniritse zofunikira, osati kuonjezera ndalama za dalaivala.
Chothandiza kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe zimalepheretsa oyendetsa galimoto komanso kugawa zizindikiro zopanda tanthauzo. Scheiber akuti, "Chifukwa chakuti Uber imakonza madalaivala onse kudzera pa pulogalamuyi, palibe chomwe chingalepheretse kampaniyo kutsata masewera."
Izi ndi za nthawi yayitali. Kukula kwachuma chodziyimira pawokha kungayambitse "kuthandiza m'malingaliro pamapeto pake kukhala njira yayikulu yoyendetsera anthu aku America ogwira ntchito."
Za katswiri: Helen Edwards ndi mutu wa laibulale pa Skolkovo Moscow School of Management.