Ndi iye amene nthawi zambiri amaukira akazi. Zomwe Muyenera Kupewa Kuti Muchepetse Chiwopsezo Cha Khansa Yam'mawere?

Malinga ndi lipoti la 2014, lopangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Polish Society for Breast Cancer Research, mu 2012, khansa ya m'mawere idasankhidwa kukhala yachiwiri pakati pa milandu yonse yomwe yangopezeka kumene padziko lapansi - imakhala pafupifupi 2% ya milandu. Tsoka ilo, ku Poland ndi pafupifupi 12% ya matenda onse. Ndipo ngakhale ndi imodzi mwa khansa yophunzira bwino kwambiri - timadziwa kale zambiri za izo ndipo chithandizo chake chimatipatsa mwayi wambiri, pazaka 23 zapitazi chiwerengero chakhala chikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse. Zimakhudza osati amayi okha azaka za 30-50, koma amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa achinyamata. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku National Cancer Registry, chiwerengero cha khansa ya m'mawere chawonjezeka kawiri pakati pa amayi azaka zapakati pa 69-20. Chaka chilichonse, matendawa amapezeka mwa odwala 49, ndipo akuti zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, chaka chilichonse, matendawa akhudza amayi oposa 18.

Khansara ya m'mawere ndi matenda omwe, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri amapha ku Poland. Sichiwoneka bwino ndipo chimayamba mopanda zizindikiro poyamba, chifukwa chake ambiri amapezeka pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Akuti ili pamalo achitatu pankhani ya kufa pakati pa khansa zonse zomwe zikukhudza Poles. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga momwe deta 3, khansa ya m'mawere nkhani 2013% ya imfa pakati pa akazi, kutenga malo atangomva khansa ya m'mapapo. Ili ndi gawo laumwini makamaka. Monga anatsindika olemba lipotilo, motsogozedwa ndi Polish Society for Breast Cancer Research, kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere kumapanga, koposa zonse, zomwe zimatchedwa ndalama zosaoneka - "malire kapena amachoka kwathunthu. moyo wamagulu ndi akatswiri; Pachifukwachi, khansa ya m'mawere imakhalanso matenda a mabanja onse komanso malo omwe ali pafupi ndi odwala. “

Ngakhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochiza khansa ya m'mawere ndikupewa, kuphatikiza. mayeso okhazikika omwe angalole kuti chithandizo chiyambike mwachangu, zikuwoneka kuti zomwe timadya zitha kukhudzanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa iyi mwa amayi. Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti titha kusintha anthu 9 mwa 100 odwala khansa (9%) mwa kusintha momwe timadyera. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zakudya komanso chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere sichidziwika, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zakudya zina zingapangitse amayi kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere. Yang'anani ndendende zomwe muyenera kupewa kwambiri mukafuna kudziteteza ku matenda ovuta awa.

Ngakhale kuti mafuta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la thupi lathu, zasonyezedwa kuti mtundu wa mafuta ungathandize kwambiri kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zikuperekedwa ndi, pakati pa ena asayansi aku Europe omwe adawunika ma menyu a azimayi 11 azaka 337-20 ochokera kumayiko 70 pazaka zopitilira 10. Adapeza kuti omwe amadya mafuta odzaza kwambiri (48g / tsiku) anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere 28% kuposa omwe amadya pang'ono (15g / tsiku). Asayansi ku Milan akuwonjezera kuti kudya kwambiri mafuta athunthu komanso okhuta, makamaka omwe amachokera ku zakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri, kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere, kuphatikiza omwe amadalira mahomoni, mwachitsanzo, kuyankha mulingo wa estrogen kapena progesterone. m'thupi. Ngakhale kuti mafuta odzaza ndi otetezeka sanakhazikitsidwe, akatswiri a oncologists kuphatikizapo a Rutgers Cancer Institute ku New Jersey akulimbikitsani kuti muchepetse zinthu zopanda thanzi monga zakudya zofulumira, maswiti, zakudya zokazinga ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zamchere muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngakhale kuti palibe umboni wotsimikizirika wosonyeza kuti shuga imakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere, kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti imakhudza mwachindunji chiopsezo cha khansa. Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku MD Anderson Cancer Center ku yunivesite ya Texas, adafalitsa kafukufuku wokhudza mbewa zomwe zimadya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zofanana ndi "zamadzulo" menyu, zolemera, mwa zina, muzakudya zoyeretsedwa. Zinapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa sucrose ndi fructose kudapangitsa kuti mbewa zopitilira 50% zikhale ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti mbewa zikamadya kwambiri mbewa zawo, m’pamenenso zimayamba kudwala mbewa poyang’ananso nyama zodwalazo. Koma si zonse. Kafukufuku waku Italy, nthawi ino pa anthu, lofalitsidwa mu American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, adatsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa kudya kwambiri zakudya zomwe zili ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic ndi khansa ya m'mawere. "Pulogalamu" imaphatikizapo osati makeke okoma okha, komanso pasitala ndi mpunga woyera. Zawonetsedwa kuti kudya mwachangu kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikupangitsa insulini yayikulu kwambiri mukatha kudya, m'pamenenso chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yodalira estrogen chimakwera. Kumbukirani, shuga womwe mumawonjezera pazakudya zanu masana, kuphatikiza shuga wochokera ku maswiti, uchi kapena zakumwa zokonzeka kale, siziyenera kupitilira 5% ya mphamvu zomwe mumapeza podya ndi kumwa masana. Monga momwe bungwe la American Heart Association lalimbikitsa, amayi ambiri sayenera kupitirira 20g ya shuga patsiku (pafupifupi masupuni 6), kuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe zili, mwachitsanzo, muzakudya zokonzedwa kwambiri.

Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti osati shuga, koma zoloŵa m'malo yokumba, mwina mosalunjika pa chitukuko cha matenda ambiri. Kafukufuku ku Washington University School of Medicine wawonetsa kuti imodzi mwazotsekemera, sucralose, imatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, ndipo mukamagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, imatha kukulitsa mtengo wake. Ndipo izi, malinga ndi, mwa zina, ofufuza a Imperial College London School of Public Health ku England, akhoza kukhala ndi chiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wa amayi a 3300, adapeza kuti omwe anali ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya chokhudzana ndi kuyankha kwachilendo kwa thupi ku insulini kapena kulephera kupanga anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa kuposa omwe alibe zosokonezazi. Chimodzi mwazofukufuku zazikulu za amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a postmenopausal (WHI) amatsimikiziranso kuti gulu la anthu omwe anali ndi insulini yochuluka kwambiri anali pafupifupi 50% omwe angakhale ndi khansa ya m'mawere kusiyana ndi omwe anali ndi insulin yochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale zotsekemera zopangira sizimathandiza mwachindunji kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere, kumwa kwawo sikuyenera kuchulukitsidwa, ndipo ndi bwino kuyang'ana Zovomerezeka za Daily Intake (ADI) za "zotsekemera" zilizonse musanaziwonjezere pa menyu yanu ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngakhale kuti ndizokoma, zimakhala kuti kuzidya pafupipafupi kungapangitse chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere. Kuwotcha mapuloteni a nyama pa kutentha kwakukulu kungapangitse kukula kwa heterocyclic amines (HCA), zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi mankhwala omwe angayambitse khansa ya m'mawere. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Cancer Project, olakwa kwambiri amakhala osati nkhuku yokazinga, nkhumba, ng'ombe kapena nsomba, koma mitundu yonse ya nyama yokazinga ndi yophikidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu. Ndemanga zimatsimikizira kuti zomwe zili ndi HCA, ngakhale zimasiyana malinga ndi njira yokonzekera mbale yopatsidwa, nthawi zonse zimawonjezeka ndi kutentha kwachangu kapena kukazinga. M'modzi mwa maphunzirowa adawonetsa, mwa zina, Pafupifupi kuwirikiza kasanu chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi omwe amadya nyama yophikidwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe amakonda nyama yapakati kapena yokazinga. Chiwopsezocho chinawonjezekanso pamene chakudya chamtundu uwu chinali kudyedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Bungwe la American Cancer Research Institute likuwonjezeranso kuti kuchiritsa nyama kumawonjezeranso zinthu zomwe zili ndi khansa, chifukwa chake njira yophikirayi iyenera kupewedwa.

Ndilo chiwopsezo chotsimikizika pakukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere, chiwopsezo chomwe chimawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka komwe kumadyedwa. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kumwa mowa, vinyo ndi mowa wambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu yomwe imadalira mahomoni. Mowa ukhoza kuwonjezeka mwachitsanzo. Milingo ya estrogen yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, asayansi amanena kuti mowa ukhoza kuwononga DNA m'maselo ndipo motero umakhudza maonekedwe a matendawa. Poyerekeza ndi osamwa, amayi omwe amamwa mowa nthawi zina amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kudwala khansa. Komabe, ndizokwanira kuti awonjezere kumwa kwawo kwa zakumwa 2-3 patsiku kuti akhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndi 20%. Akatswiri amayerekezera kuti kumwa mowa motsatizana kungachititse kuti munthu adwale ndi 10%. Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti kafukufuku wa 2009 akuwonetsa kuti kumwa zakumwa 3-4 pa sabata kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ngakhale atangoyamba kumene. Chifukwa chake American Cancer Society imalimbikitsa amayi kuti asapitirire kumwa mowa umodzi patsiku, womwe ndi 350 ml ya mowa, 150 ml ya vinyo kapena 45 ml ya mowa wamphamvu.

Sikuti mowa watsekedwa m'nkhalango, komanso masamba, zipatso, tchizi, nyama ndi mtedza. Zogulitsa kale kuchokera ku 5 phukusi zotere zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bisphenol A (BPA) m'thupi ndi 1000-1200% - chinthu chomwe m'thupi lanu chingathe, mwa zina, kutsanzira estradiol. Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito BPA kumaloledwa ku European Union ndipo kumadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala otetezeka, asayansi ambiri amachenjeza za kugwiritsira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Poyang'aniridwa ndi asayansi, pakati pa ena azimayi a mahomoni, zovuta zomwe zingayambitse mapangidwe a khansa. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa seramu ya BPA kumalumikizidwa osati ndi polycystic ovary syndrome kapena endometriosis, koma monga tawonera mu kafukufuku wa 2012 ku University of Calabria ku Italy, chinthu ichi chingakhale chinthu cholimbikitsa kupanga puloteni yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere. Choncho ochita kafukufuku amalangiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtundu umenewu pang'onopang'ono komanso kuti achepetse kudya zakudya zam'chitini potengera zatsopano.

Ngakhale amatha kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi zakudya. Kumbukirani kuti kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri am'thupi kumatha kukulitsa chiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kuphatikiza kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa estrogen kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Ofufuza akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 5 mwa 100 omwe ali ndi khansa (5%) amatha kupewedwa mwa kukhala ndi thupi labwino. Ngati tiwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi pa izi, mwayi wodwala umakhala wotsika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti ngakhale kuyenda kwa ola limodzi tsiku lililonse kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Asayansi a ku France akugogomezeranso kuti ngakhale atazindikira ndi kuchiza khansa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuyambiranso kwa matendawa. Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwamasewera opewera khansa ndi pafupifupi maola 1-4 pa sabata. Zomwe mukufunikira ndikuchita mwamphamvu kwambiri, monga kuyenda mwachangu kapena kupalasa njinga.