Zakudya zopanda pake m'ma canteens akusukulu: makolo akamachita nawo

« Panali patatha zaka zingapo kuchokera pamene ndinachita nawo makomiti osamalira zakudya monga makolo ambiri a ana asukulu", Akufotokoza Marie, mayi wa ku Paris wa ana awiri azaka 5 ndi 8 omwe amapita kusukulu ku 18th arrondissement. ” Ndidawona kuti ndine wothandiza: titha kupereka ndemanga pazakudya zam'mbuyomu komanso mu "menu commission", ndemanga pamindandanda yamtsogolo. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndinkakhutira ndi zimenezi, mofanana ndi makolo ena ambiri a m’tauniyo. Mpaka, kwa nthaŵi ya khumi ndi iŵiri, ndinalankhula ndi mayi wina ponena za ana athu akutuluka kusukulu ndi njala. Anatsimikiza mtima kupeza njira yoti amvetsetse vutolo ndipo adaganiza zochitapo kanthu. Chifukwa cha iye, ndinatsegula maso anga.Amayi aŵiriwo akuphatikizidwa mwamsanga ndi kagulu kakang’ono ka makolo odera nkhaŵa mofananamo. Pamodzi, amapanga gulu ndikudziyika okha chovuta: kujambula nthawi zonse momwe tingathere ma trays a chakudya amatumikira aliyense kuti amvetsetse chifukwa chake ana amawapewa. Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, makolo amasindikiza zithunzi pa gulu la Facebook "Ana a 18 amadya izo", pamodzi ndi mutu wa mndandanda womwe unakonzedwa.

Zakudya zopanda thanzi nthawi iliyonse yamasana

«Zinali zododometsa koyamba: panali kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa mutu wa menyu ndi zomwe zinali pa tray ya ana: ng'ombe yodulidwayo inali kutha, m'malo mwa nkhuku za nkhuku, saladi wobiriwira wa zomwe adalengeza pa menyu adadutsa. hatch ndipo pansi pa dzina la flan caramel amabisadi mchere wamafakitale wodzaza ndi zowonjezera. Ndi chiyani chomwe chidandinyansa kwambiri? Zonyansa "zamasamba" zamasamba, zosambitsidwa ndi msuzi wozizira, zomwe zakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. "Kumbukirani Marie. Gulu la makolo limasinthana kusanthula mapepala aukadaulo omwe a Caisse des Ecoles nthawi zina amavomereza kuwapatsa: masamba am'chitini omwe amayenda kuchokera kumalekezero a Europe kupita ku ena, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zowonjezera ndi shuga kulikonse: mu msuzi wa phwetekere, yogurts ... " ngakhale mu "mikono ya nkhuku" »»Marie anakwiya. Gululi limayenderanso khitchini yapakati, yomwe ili kutali ndi sukuluyi, yomwe imayang'anira chakudya cha 14 patsiku kwa ana omwe ali ku arrondissement, yomwe imayang'aniranso chakudya cha omwe ali mu 000nd arrondissement ya Paris. ” Pamalo ang'onoang'ono awa omwe antchito amagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri, timamvetsetsa kuti zinali zosatheka "kuphika". Ogwira ntchito amakhutira kusonkhanitsa zakudya zachisanu m'mabini akulu, kuwaza ndi msuzi. Lozani. Chisangalalo chili kuti, kufuna kuchita bwino kuli kuti? Marie wakwiya.

Kodi makhitchini apita kuti?

Mtolankhani Sandra Franrenet anafufuza vutolo. M’buku lake *, iye akufotokoza mmene makhitchini ambiri a kusukulu za ku France amagwirira ntchito: “ Mosiyana ndi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, kumene ma canteens aliyense anali ndi makhitchini ndi ophika pa malo, lero, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu ali mu "gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito". Ndiko kunena kuti, amagawira chakudya chawo kwa opereka chinsinsi. ” Pakati pawo, zimphona zitatu za zakudya kusukulu - Sodexo (ndi wocheperapo ake Sogeres), Compass ndi Elior - amene amagawana 80% ya msika akuti 5 biliyoni mayuro. Masukulu alibenso khitchini: mbale zimakonzedwa m'makhitchini apakati omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mozizira. ” Komanso ndi "malo osonkhanira" ambiri kuposa makhitchini. Chakudya chimakonzedwa masiku atatu mpaka 3 pasadakhale (zakudya Lolemba mwachitsanzo zimakonzedwa Lachinayi). Nthawi zambiri amafika ataundana ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kwambiri. »Akufotokoza Sandra Franrenet. Tsopano, vuto ndi chiyani ndi zakudya izi? Anthony Fardet ** ndi wofufuza pazakudya zopewera komanso zopatsa thanzi ku INRA Clermont-Ferrand. Iye akufotokoza kuti: “ Vuto lazakudya zapagulu zomwe zimakonzedwa muzakudya zamtundu uwu ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri "zosinthidwa kwambiri". Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chowonjezera chimodzi komanso / kapena chopangira chimodzi chochokera kumakampani amtundu wa "zodzikongoletsera": zomwe zimasintha kukoma, mtundu kapena kapangidwe ka zomwe timadya. Kaya pazifukwa zokongoletsa kapena zotsika mtengo. M'malo mwake, timafika pobisa kapena m'malo mwake "kupanga" chinthu chomwe sichimakondanso kukoma ... kuti mupange kufuna kudya.. "

Kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga ndi "chiwindi chamafuta"

Nthawi zambiri, wofufuzayo amawona kuti mbale za ana asukulu zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri: mu kaloti monga choyambira, mu nkhuku kotero kuti zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kapena zowoneka bwino komanso mu compote ya mchere ... osatchulanso mashuga omwe adadyedwa kale. ndi mwana m'mawa pa kadzutsa. Anayambiranso: " Mashuga awa nthawi zambiri amakhala mashuga obisika omwe amapanga ma spikes angapo mu insulin ... Komabe, WHO imalimbikitsa kuti musapitirire 10% ya shuga m'magawo atsiku ndi tsiku (kuphatikiza shuga wowonjezera, madzi a zipatso ndi uchi) kuti mupewe kupanga mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, kukana insulin komwe kumachepetsa shuga kapena "chiwindi chamafuta". ”, zomwe zimathanso kuwonongeka kukhala NASH (kutupa kwa chiwindi). Vuto lina la mtundu uwu wa zakudya zokonzedwa bwino ndi zowonjezera. Agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zaka pafupifupi 30-40, osadziwa kwenikweni momwe amachitira m'thupi mwathu (mwachitsanzo pa microflora ya m'mimba), kapena momwe amaphatikizana ndi mamolekyu ena (otchedwa "cocktail effect"). "). Anthony Fardet akufotokoza kuti: “ Zowonjezera zina ndizochepa kwambiri moti zimadutsa zopinga zonse: ndi nanoparticles zomwe zimadziwika pang'ono za zotsatira za thanzi la nthawi yayitali. Amaganiziridwanso kuti pangakhale kugwirizana pakati pa zowonjezera zina ndi vuto la chisamaliro mwa ana. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tiyenera kuzipewa kapena kudya pang'ono… m'malo mosewera ngati wophunzira wamatsenga! ".

Dongosolo lazakudya la dziko losafuna mokwanira

Komabe, menyu a canteen akuyenera kulemekeza National Health Nutrition Program (PNNS), koma Anthony Fardet sapeza kuti dongosololi likufunika mokwanira: " Sikuti ma calories onse amapangidwa ofanana! Kutsindika kuyenera kuyikidwa pa mlingo wa kukonza zakudya ndi zosakaniza. Ana amadya pafupifupi 30% ya zopatsa mphamvu zosinthidwa kwambiri patsiku: ndizochulukirapo. Tiyenera kubwerera ku zakudya zomwe zimalemekeza lamulo la Vs zitatu: "Zamasamba" (zokhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa a nyama, kuphatikizapo tchizi), "Zowona" (zakudya) ndi "Zosiyanasiyana". Thupi lathu, ndi dziko lapansi, zidzakhala bwino kwambiri! "Kwa iwo, poyamba, gulu" Ana azaka 18 "sanatengedwe mozama ndi holo ya tauniyo. Okhumudwa kwambiri, makolowo adafuna kulimbikitsa akuluakulu osankhidwa kuti asinthe wopereka chithandizo, zomwe Sogeres adachita zikufika kumapeto. Zowonadi, wocheperapo wa chimphona cha Sodexo, adayendetsa msika wapagulu kuyambira 2005, ndiye kuti maudindo atatu. Pempho lakhazikitsidwa, pa change.org. Zotsatira: 7 siginecha mu 500 masabata. Komabe zimenezo sizinali zokwanira. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha sukulu, holo ya tauniyo inasiya ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi kampaniyo, zomwe zinakhumudwitsa kwambiri makolo a gululo. Ngakhale pempho lathu, Sodexo sanafune kuyankha mafunso athu. Koma izi ndi zomwe adayankha kumapeto kwa June pazantchito zawo ndi "industrial food" Commission of the National Assembly. Pankhani yokonzekera, akatswiri azakudya ku Sodexo amadzutsa mavuto angapo: kufunikira kwa iwo kuti azolowere "makhitchini apakati" (si eni ake makhitchini koma maholo atawuni) ndi " kuperekeza ana »Omwe samayamikira nthawi zonse mbale zomwe zimaperekedwa. Sodexo amafuna kuti azolowere msika ndi amanena kuti ntchito ndi oyang'anira zophika kwambiri kusintha khalidwe la mankhwala. Akunena kuti wasintha magulu ake kuti "qamaphunziranso kupanga quiches ndi zotsekemera zonona »Kapena gwirani ntchito ndi ogulitsa kuti, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa mafuta a hydrogenated m'mafakitale a pie kapena kuchepetsa zowonjezera zakudya. Njira yofunikira poganizira za nkhawa za ogula.

pulasitiki pa mbale?

Ku Strasbourg, makolo amayamikirana. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chaka cha 2018, zina mwa zakudya 11 zoperekedwa kwa ana mumzindawu zidzakhala zitatenthedwa ndi ... zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu zopanda pake. Kusintha koletsa pulasitiki m'ma canteens kudayesedwanso kumapeto kwa Meyi ku Nyumba Yamalamulo Yadziko Lonse, kumaganiziridwa kukhala okwera mtengo komanso kovuta kwambiri kuti akwaniritse. Komabe, maholo ena amatauni sanadikire mluzu wa boma kuti achotse pulasitiki m'ma canteens, olimbikitsidwanso ndi magulu a makolo, monga gulu la "Strasbourg Cantines Project". Kwenikweni, Ludivine Quintallet, mayi wachichepere waku Strasbourg, yemwe adagwa kuchokera pamitambo atamvetsetsa kuti chakudya cha mwana wake "organic" chinatenthedwanso… Komabe, ngakhale ma tray atavomerezedwa mogwirizana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "chakudya" miyezo, ikatenthedwa, pulasitiki imalola mamolekyu kuchokera ku tray kuti asamukire ku zomwe zili, ndiko kunena kuti chakudya. Pambuyo pa kalata yofalitsa, Ludivine Quintallet amayandikira kwa makolo ena ndikukhazikitsa gulu "Projet cantines Strasbourg". Gululi likulumikizana ndi ASEF, Association santé environnement France, msonkhano wa madotolo odziwa zaumoyo wachilengedwe. Akatswiri amatsimikizira mantha ake: kuwonetseredwa mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale pa mlingo wochepa kwambiri, ku mamolekyu ena a mankhwala kuchokera ku chidebe cha pulasitiki, kungakhale chifukwa cha khansa, kusokonezeka kwa chonde, kutha msinkhu kapena kunenepa kwambiri. "Projet Cantine Strasbourg" ndiye inagwira ntchito pazidziwitso za canteens ndi wothandizira, Elior, adadzipereka kuti asinthe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ... pamtengo womwewo. Mu September 000, zinatsimikiziridwa: mzinda wa Strasbourg unasintha njira yake yosungiramo ndi kutentha kuti usinthe zitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri. Kumayambiriro kwa 2017% ya canteens inakonzekera 50 ndiyeno 2019% mu 100. Nthawi yosinthira zida, kusungirako ndi maphunziro a magulu omwe amayenera kunyamula mbale zolemera. Kupambana kwakukulu kwa gulu la makolo, lomwe lidalumikizana ndi magulu ena m'mizinda ina yaku France ndikupanga: "Cantines sans Plastique France". Makolo ochokera ku Bordeaux, Meudon, Montpellier, Paris 2021th ndi Montrouge akukonzekera kuti ana asadyenso m'ma tray apulasitiki, kuyambira ku nazale mpaka kusekondale. Ntchito yotsatira ya gulu? Titha kulingalira: kupambana pakuletsa pulasitiki mu canteens zachi French kwa ana asukulu achichepere.

Makolo amatenga canteen

Ku Bibost, mudzi wa anthu 500 kumadzulo kwa Lyon, Jean-Christophe akugwira nawo ntchito yoyendetsera canteen ya sukulu. Mayanjano ake amaonetsetsa kuti pali ubale ndi wothandizira ndipo amalemba ntchito anthu awiri omwe amaperekedwa ndi holo ya tauniyo. Anthu okhala m'mudzimo amasinthana kupereka mwaufulu mbale za tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ana asukulu makumi awiri kapena kuposerapo omwe amadyera m'kantini. Komanso kukhumudwa ndi ubwino wa zakudya, zomwe zimaperekedwa m'mapepala apulasitiki, makolo akuyang'ana njira ina. Amapeza woperekera zakudya pa mtunda wa makilomita ochepa kuti aphikire ana chakudya: amakatenga zinthu zake kwa ogula nyama komweko, amadzikonzera yekha zitumbuwa zake za pie ndi zokometsera ndipo amagula chilichonse chomwe angagule kwanuko. Zonse ndi masenti 80 ochulukirapo patsiku. Makolowo akapereka ntchito yawo kwa makolo ena pasukulupo, amavomereza mogwirizana. ” Tinali titakonzekera sabata yoyezetsa ", akufotokoza Jean-Christophe," kumene ana ankayenera kulemba zimene adya. Iwo ankakonda chirichonse kotero ife tinasaina. Komabe, muyenera kuwona zomwe akukonzekera: masiku ena, izi ndi zidutswa za nyama zomwe timazizolowera, monga lilime la ng'ombe. Chabwino ana amadyabe! “Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa, oyang’anira azidzatengedwa ndi holo ya m’tauniyo koma wopereka chithandizo amakhala yemweyo.

Ndiye?

Tonsefe timalakalaka kuona ana athu akudya zakudya zabwino komanso zakudya zomwe zimakoma. Koma kodi mumapeza bwanji zomwe zimawoneka ngati maloto oyandikira kwambiri momwe mungathere? Mabungwe ena omwe siaboma, monga Greenpeace France akhazikitsa zopempha. Mmodzi wa iwo amabweretsa pamodzi osayina kuti nyama ikhale yochepa mu canteen. Chifukwa chiyani? M'ma canteens akusukulu, pakati pawiri kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi mapuloteni ochulukirapo amaperekedwa poyerekeza ndi malingaliro a National Food Safety Agency. Pempho lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chatha tsopano lafika 132 osayinidwa. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu? Sandra Franrenet akupereka malangizo kwa makolo: " Pita ukadye ku canteen ya ana ako! Pa mtengo wa chakudya, izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira ubwino wa zomwe zikuperekedwa. Komanso funsani kuti mupite ku canteen: mawonekedwe a malo (masamba, marble a makeke, ndi zina zotero) ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu golosale zidzakuthandizani kuona momwe zakudya zimapangidwira komanso zomwe zimapangidwira. Njira ina yosayenera kunyalanyazidwa: pitani ku komiti yoperekera zakudya ku canteen. Ngati simungasinthe zomwe zidanenedwazo kapena mupeza kuti zomwe zidalonjezedwa (zakudya zamagulu, mafuta ochepa, shuga wocheperako…) sizikulemekezedwa, ndiye kuti nkhonya yanu patebulo! Chisankho cha ma municipalities chatha zaka ziwiri, ndi mwayi wopita kukanena kuti sitikukondwera. Pali mwayi weniweni, uwu ndi mwayi wopezerapo mwayi. “. Ku Paris, Marie adaganiza kuti ana ake sadzapondanso phazi la canteen. Yankho lake? Konzani ndi makolo ena kuti musinthane kutenga ana pa nthawi yopuma ya meridian. Chisankho chomwe si aliyense angachite.