Katran: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi, kumene amapezeka, ndi owopsa kwa anthu

Katran amatchedwanso galu wa m'nyanja (Sgualus acanthias), koma amadziwika bwino ndi dzina lakuti "katran". Nsomba imayimira banja la "katranovye" ndi gulu la "katranovye", lomwe ndi gawo la mtundu wa spiny sharks. Malo okhala m’banjamo ndi aakulu ndithu, chifukwa amapezeka m’madzi ofunda a nyanja zonse za padziko lapansi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuya kwa malo okhalamo kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, pafupifupi mamita chikwi chimodzi ndi theka. Anthu amakula kutalika mpaka pafupifupi 2 metres.

Shark phula: kufotokoza

Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba yotchedwa katran shark imaimira mitundu yambiri ya shaki yomwe imadziwika mpaka pano. Shark, malingana ndi malo omwe amakhala, ali ndi mayina angapo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Katran wamba.
• Spiny shark wamba.
• Spiny Short Shark.
• Nsomba wamphuno wamphuno.
• Mchenga katran.
• South katran.
• Marigold.

Katran shark ndi chinthu chamasewera komanso nsomba zamalonda, chifukwa nyama yake ilibe fungo lenileni la ammonia lomwe limapezeka mumitundu ina ya shaki.

Maonekedwe

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya shark, ma spiny sharks ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a thupi. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, mawonekedwe amenewa ndi abwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zazikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la shakiyi kumafika kukula pafupifupi mamita 1,8, ngakhale kuti kukula kwake kwa shaki kumaposa mita imodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amuna ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula poyerekeza ndi akazi. Chifukwa pakati pa thupi ndi chichereŵechereŵe osati mafupa, amalemera kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu.

Katran shark ili ndi thupi lalitali komanso lowonda, lomwe limalola nyama yolusa kuyenda mosavuta komanso mwachangu m'madzi. Kukhalapo kwa mchira wokhala ndi ma lobe osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa shaki kuchita njira zingapo mwachangu. Pa thupi la shaki, mukhoza kuona mamba ang'onoang'ono a placoid. Kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa nyama yolusa ndi yotuwa mumtundu wakuda, pomwe mbali izi za thupi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono oyera.

Mlomo wa shaki umadziwika ndi malo ake, ndipo mtunda woyambira pakamwa mpaka pakamwa ndi pafupifupi 1,3 m'lifupi mwake. Maso ali pamtunda womwewo kuchokera ku mphuno yoyamba, ndipo mphuno zimasunthidwa pang'ono kunsonga ya mphuno. Mano ndi a utali wofanana ndipo amakonzedwa m’mizere ingapo kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa nsagwada. Manowo ndi akuthwa ndithu, zomwe zimathandiza shaki kugaya chakudya kukhala tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono.

Zipsepse zakumbuyo zimapangidwa mwanjira yoti zipsepse zakuthwa zimakhala pansi pake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwa msana woyamba sikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zipsepse ndipo ndi lalifupi kwambiri, koma msana wachiwiri umakhala wofanana ndi msinkhu, koma wachiwiri wa dorsal fin, womwe ndi wochepa kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa kudziwa! M'dera la XNUMX pamutu wa katran shark, pafupifupi pamwamba pa maso, munthu amatha kuwona njira zazifupi zotchedwa lobes.

Sharki ilibe zipsepse zakuthako, ndipo zipsepse za pachifuwa zimakhala zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake. Zipsepse za m'chiuno zili m'munsi, zomwe zimayembekezeredwa ndi malo a chipsepse chachiwiri.

Moyo, khalidwe

Katran shark imayendayenda m'madera akuluakulu a madzi a m'nyanja ndi nyanja chifukwa cha mzere wake wovuta kwambiri. Amatha kumva kugwedezeka pang'ono komwe kumafalikira mumtsinje wamadzi. Kuonjezera apo, shaki ili ndi kamvekedwe kabwino ka fungo. Chiwalochi chimapangidwa ndi maenje apadera omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji kukhosi kwa nsomba.

Katran shark imamverera nyama yomwe ingadye patali kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a aerodynamic a thupi lake, nyama yodya nyamayi imatha kukumana ndi aliyense wokhala pansi pamadzi omwe amaphatikizidwa muzakudya. Pokhudzana ndi anthu, mtundu uwu wa shaki suyambitsa ngozi iliyonse.

Kodi katran amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Chifukwa cha zomwe asayansi awona, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kuti katran shark imatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zosachepera 25.

Sexual dimorphism

N'zotheka kusiyanitsa akazi ndi amuna, kupatula kukula. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena mosabisa kuti dimorphism yogonana mumtunduwu imawonetsedwa bwino. Monga lamulo, amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ochepa kuposa akazi. Ngati akazi amatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, ndiye kuti kukula kwa amuna sikudutsa mita imodzi. N'zotheka kusiyanitsa katran shark ndi mitundu ina ya shaki chifukwa chosowa chipsepse cha anal, mosasamala kanthu za kugonana kwa anthu.

Range, malo okhala

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, malo okhala nyamayi ndi otakasuka kwambiri, choncho amapezeka paliponse m'nyanja. Mitundu yaying'ono ya shakiyi imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Japan, Australia, mkati mwa zilumba za Canary, m'mphepete mwa madzi a Argentina ndi Greenland, komanso Iceland, ku Pacific ndi Indian Ocean.

Zilombozi zimakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira, choncho, m'madzi ozizira kwambiri komanso m'madzi otentha kwambiri, zilombozi sizipezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, katran shark imatha kusamuka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chochititsa chidwi! Katran shark kapena galu wam'nyanja amawonekera pafupi ndi madzi usiku pokhapokha ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli pafupifupi + 15 degrees.

Mitundu ya shaki iyi imamva bwino m'madzi a Black, Okhotsk ndi Bering Sea. Nyama zolusa zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe, koma zikasaka zimatha kusambira kutali m’madzi otseguka. Kwenikweni, iwo ali pansi wosanjikiza wa madzi, akumira mpaka kuya kwambiri.

zakudya

Popeza katran shark ndi nsomba yolusa, nsomba zosiyanasiyana, komanso crustaceans, zimapanga maziko a zakudya zake. Nthawi zambiri shaki imadya ma cephalopods, komanso mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala pansi pa nthaka.

Nthawi zina shaki imangomeza jellyfish komanso kudya udzu wa m'nyanja. Amatha kutsatira gulu la nsomba zam'madzi pamtunda wautali, makamaka pokhudzana ndi gombe la Atlantic ku America, komanso kugombe lakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Japan.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Nsomba zambirimbiri zimatha kuwononga kwambiri usodzi. Akuluakulu amawononga maukonde, komanso amadya nsomba zomwe zagwera muukonde kapena mbedza.

M'nyengo yozizira, ana, komanso akuluakulu, amatsika mpaka kufika mamita 200, kupanga magulu ambiri. Monga lamulo, pakuya koteroko pali ulamuliro wa kutentha kosalekeza ndi chakudya chochuluka, mwa mawonekedwe a horse mackerel ndi anchovy. Kunja kukakhala kotentha kapena kotentha, katrans amatha kusaka ng'ombe zonse.

Kubala ndi ana

Katran shark, poyerekeza ndi nsomba zambiri za bony, ndi nsomba ya viviparous, kotero kuti umuna umachitika mkati mwa nsomba. Pambuyo pa masewera a makwerero, omwe amachitika mozama pafupifupi mamita 40, mazira omwe akutukuka amawonekera m'thupi la akazi, omwe ali mu makapisozi apadera. Kapisozi iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi mazira 3 mpaka 15, okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 40 mm.

Njira yoberekera ana imatenga nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti mimba imatha miyezi 18 mpaka 22. Asanabadwe mwachangu, shaki imasankha malo abwino, osati kutali ndi gombe. Mkazi amabereka 6 mpaka 29 mwachangu, mpaka 25 cm kutalika pafupifupi. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zophimba zapadera za cartilaginous pamsana, kotero kuti pobadwa sizimayambitsa vuto lililonse kwa akazi. Atangobadwa, ma sheath awa amatha okha.

Pambuyo pa kubadwa kotsatira, mazira atsopano amayamba kukhwima m'matumbo a mkazi.

M'madzi ozizira, ana a katran shark amabadwa kwinakwake pakati pa masika; m'madzi a Nyanja ya Japan, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pambuyo pa kubadwa, shaki mwachangu kwa nthawi yayitali amadyabe zomwe zili mu yolk sac, momwe zakudya zambiri zimakhazikika.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Nsomba zazing'ono zimadya kwambiri, chifukwa zimafunikira mphamvu zokwanira kuti zipume. Pankhani imeneyi, ana a katrans amameza chakudya pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

Atabadwa, nsomba za shaki zimayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndikupeza chakudya chawo. Pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi za moyo, amuna a katran amakula pamene kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pafupifupi 80 cm. Koma zazikazi, zimatha kuswana pakatha chaka ndi theka, zikafika kutalika pafupifupi mita imodzi.

shaki adani achilengedwe

Mitundu yonse ya shaki imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa luntha, mphamvu yobadwa nayo komanso kuchenjera kwa chilombo. Ngakhale zili choncho, katran shark ili ndi adani achilengedwe, amphamvu kwambiri komanso obisika. Mmodzi mwa zilombo zowopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi namgumi wakupha. Chikoka chachikulu pa chiwerengero cha shakichi chimakhala ndi munthu, komanso nsomba ya hedgehog. Nsomba imeneyi, yomwe imagwera m’kamwa mwa shaki, imaima pakhosi pake ndipo imagwiridwa mothandizidwa ndi singano zake. Zotsatira zake, izi zimabweretsa njala ya nyamayi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Katran shark ndi woimira dziko la pansi pa madzi, lomwe silikuwopsezedwa ndi chirichonse masiku ano. Ndipo izi, ngakhale kuti shaki ndi yamalonda. Mu chiwindi cha shaki, asayansi apeza chinthu chomwe chingapulumutse munthu ku mitundu ina ya oncology.

Zida Zothandiza

Nyama, chiwindi ndi chichereŵechereŵe cha katran shark zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati za munthu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zigawo izi si panacea.

Mu nyama ndi m'chiwindi, muli mafuta okwanira a Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omwe ali ndi phindu pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Omega-3 mafuta acids amathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha njira zosiyanasiyana zotupa, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi zina zotero. mosavuta digestible mapuloteni.

Mafuta a chiwindi a katrans amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini "A" ndi "D". Pali zambiri mwa izo mu chiwindi cha shark kuposa mu chiwindi cha cod. Kukhalapo kwa alkylglycerides kumathandizira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, ndikuwonjezera kukana kwake kumatenda ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, squalene adasiyanitsidwa ndi chiwindi cha shaki, chomwe chimatenga nawo gawo muzochita za kagayidwe kachakudya ndikulimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa cholesterol. Minofu ya cartilaginous ya katran shark imakhala ndi collagen yambiri ndi zigawo zina zambiri. Kukonzekera kopangidwa pamaziko a cartilaginous minofu kumathandiza polimbana ndi matenda a mafupa, nyamakazi, osteochondrosis, komanso kupewa maonekedwe a neoplasms oopsa.

Kuphatikiza pa zabwino, katran shark, kapena nyama yake, imatha kuvulaza munthu. Choyamba, ngati pali kusalolera kwa munthu, sikuloledwa kudya nyama ya shaki iyi, ndipo kachiwiri, yomwe imakhala yolusa kwa nthawi yayitali, nyamayo imakhala ndi mercury, yomwe imalepheretsa kudya nyama m'magulu a anthu monga. amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa, ana aang'ono , okalamba, komanso anthu ofooka chifukwa cha matenda aakulu.

Pomaliza

Popeza kuti shaki ndi chilombo champhamvu komanso chachikulu, mayanjano oyipa amadzuka powatchula ndipo munthu amalingalira pakamwa pakulu, wokhala ndi mano akuthwa omwe ali okonzeka kung'amba nyama iliyonse. Ponena za katran shark, ndi chilombo chomwe sichinayambe kuukira munthu, kutanthauza kuti sichimamuvulaza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali, chomwe sitinganene za zilombo zina, zofanana.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ziwalo zonse za thupi zimapeza ntchito. Khungu la shaki limakutidwa ndi mamba akuthwa, motero limagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta matabwa. Ngati khungu likugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yapadera, ndiye kuti imapeza mawonekedwe a shagreen wotchuka, pambuyo pake zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwira. Nyama ya Katran imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma chifukwa sichinunkhiza ammonia ngati yophikidwa bwino. Choncho, nyama ikhoza yokazinga, yophika, yophikidwa, marinated, kusuta, etc. Gourmets ambiri amakonda shark chipsepse supu. Mazira a shark amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, omwe ali ndi yolk kwambiri kuposa mazira a nkhuku. Mutha kugula nyama ya shaki m'zitini, yozizira kapena mawonekedwe atsopano.