“Chakudya changa chimakhala cha oatmeal wotentha, umene ndimadya kawiri pa tsiku ndi mkate wa tirigu. Kuonjezera apo, pa chakudya chamadzulo ndimadya supu ya kabichi kapena supu ya mbatata, phala la buckwheat kapena mbatata yophika kapena yokazinga mu mpendadzuwa kapena mafuta a mpiru, ndi compote ya prunes ndi maapulo. Chakudya chamasana chimene ndimadya ndi banja langa chingasinthidwe, monga momwe ndinayesera kuchitira, ndi oatmeal, umene uli chakudya changa chachikulu. Thanzi langa silinavutikepo, koma lakhala likuyenda bwino kuyambira pomwe ndidasiya mkaka, batala ndi mazira, komanso shuga, tiyi ndi khofi, "adalemba Leo Tolstoy.
Wolemba wamkulu adabwera ndi lingaliro lazamasamba ali ndi zaka makumi asanu. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti nthawi imeneyi ya moyo wake inadziwika ndi kufufuza kowawa kwa tanthauzo la filosofi ndi lauzimu la moyo waumunthu. “Tsopano, kumapeto kwa zaka zanga za m’ma XNUMX, ndili ndi chirichonse chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimamvetsetsedwa ndi kukhala bwino,” akutero Tolstoy m’buku lake lotchuka la Confession. Koma mwadzidzidzi ndinazindikira kuti sindikudziwa chifukwa chake ndikufunikira zonsezi komanso chifukwa chake ndikukhala. Ntchito yake pa buku lakuti Anna Karenina, lomwe linasonyeza maganizo ake pa makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe a anthu, linayamba nthawi yomweyo.
Chisonkhezero chofuna kukhala wosadya ndiwo zamasamba chinali chomwecho pamene Tolstoy anali mboni yosadziŵa ya mmene nkhumba imaphedwera. Chiwonetserocho chinadabwitsa kwambiri wolembayo ndi nkhanza zake kotero kuti anaganiza zopita ku imodzi mwa malo ophera nyama a Tula kuti akamve maganizo ake kwambiri. Pamaso pake, ng’ombe yaing’ono yokongola kwambiri inaphedwa. Wopha nyamayo anakweza lupanga pakhosi pake n’kumubaya. Ng’ombeyo, monga ngati yagwetsedwa pansi, inagwa chapamimba, n’kugubuduzika m’mbali mwake n’kugunda ndi mapazi ake monjenjemera. Wopha nyama wina adamugwera kuchokera mbali ina, ndikuweramitsa pansi ndikumudula pakhosi. Magazi ofiira adatuluka ngati chidebe chogubuduzika. Kenako wopha nyama woyamba anayamba kusenda ng’ombe. Moyo unali kugundabe m’thupi lalikulu la nyamayo, ndipo misozi yaikulu inali ikutuluka m’maso odzaza magazi.
Chithunzi choyipa ichi chinapangitsa Tolstoy kuganiziranso kwambiri. Iye sakanatha kudzikhululukira kaamba ka kusaletsa kuphedwa kwa zamoyo ndipo chotero anakhala wapalamula wa imfa yawo. Kwa iye, munthu woleredwa mu miyambo ya Russian Orthodoxy, lamulo lalikulu lachikhristu - "Usaphe" - adapeza tanthauzo latsopano. Mwa kudya nyama ya nyama, munthu amakhala woloŵetsedwamo mosalunjika m’kupha, motero akuswa makhalidwe achipembedzo ndi a makhalidwe abwino. Kuti adziyike m'gulu la anthu amakhalidwe abwino, ndikofunikira kudzichotsera yekha udindo wakupha zamoyo - kusiya kudya nyama yawo. Tolstoy yekha amakana chakudya cha nyama ndikusintha zakudya zopanda kupha.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, muzolemba zake zambiri, wolembayo akupanga lingaliro lakuti chikhalidwe - makhalidwe - tanthauzo la zamasamba lagona mu kusavomerezeka kwa chiwawa chilichonse. Iye ananena kuti pakati pa anthu, chiwawa chidzakhalapo mpaka kalekale. Choncho, kudya zamasamba ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zothetsera zoipa zimene zikuchitika padzikoli. Kuonjezera apo, nkhanza kwa zinyama ndi chizindikiro cha chidziwitso chochepa cha chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe, kulephera kumverera kwenikweni ndi kumvera chisoni ndi zamoyo zonse. M'nkhani yakuti "The First Step", yomwe inafalitsidwa mu 1892, Tolstoy analemba kuti sitepe yoyamba ya kusintha kwa makhalidwe ndi uzimu ndi kukana chiwawa kwa ena, ndipo chiyambi cha ntchito payokha mu njira iyi ndi kusintha kwa chiwawa. zakudya zamasamba.
M’zaka 25 zomalizira za moyo wake, Tolstoy analimbikitsa kwambiri maganizo a zamasamba ku Russia. Adathandizira pakukula kwa magazini ya Vegetarianism, momwe adalemba zolemba zake, adathandizira kufalitsa zida zosiyanasiyana zazamasamba m'manyuzipepala, adalandira kutsegulidwa kwa malo odyetserako zamasamba, mahotela, ndipo anali membala wolemekezeka m'mabungwe ambiri osadya zamasamba.
Komabe, malinga ndi Tolstoy, zamasamba ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a anthu. Ungwiro wamakhalidwe ndi wauzimu ndi zotheka kokha ngati munthu asiya chiwerengero chachikulu cha zofuna zosiyanasiyana zomwe amaika moyo wake pansi. Zofuna zotere Tolstoy ananena makamaka chifukwa cha ulesi ndi kususuka. M'buku lake lolembapo adawonekera za cholinga cholemba buku la "Zranie". M’menemo, iye anafuna kufotokoza lingaliro lakuti kusadziloŵetsa m’chilichonse, kuphatikizapo chakudya, kumatanthauza kusalemekeza zimene zatizinga. Chotsatira cha izi ndikumverera kwaukali pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe, kwa mtundu wawo - kwa zamoyo zonse. Ngati anthu sanali aukali, Tolstoy amakhulupirira, ndipo sanawononge zomwe zimawapatsa moyo, dziko lapansi lidzalamulira mgwirizano wathunthu.