Mbalame wamba, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake apadera, ndi a dongosolo la cyprinids ndi banja lalikulu la loach, lokhala ndi mitundu 117. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ku Eurasia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Wamba wamba amakhala ku Europe gawo la Eurasia m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Kumpoto ndi Baltic. Nsombayi ili ndi thupi lalitali lokhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Kawirikawiri kutalika kwa nsomba kumangopitirira 20 cm, koma nthawi zina loaches amakula mpaka 35 cm. Mtundu kumbuyo ndi bulauni, bulauni, mimba ndi yoyera-chikasu. Kuchokera m'mbali mwa thupi lonse pali kachingwe kakang'ono kosalekeza, kamene kamakhala m'malire ndi mikwingwirima ina iwiri yopyapyala, yapansi imathera kumapiko. Zipsepse za caudal ndi zozungulira, zipsepse zonse zimakhala ndi mawanga akuda. Pakamwa ndi theka-otsika, ozungulira, pali 10 tinyanga pamutu: 4 pamwamba nsagwada, 4 m'munsi, 2 m'makona a pakamwa.
Dzina lakuti "loach" nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu ina ya nsomba. Ku Siberia, mwachitsanzo, loaches amatchedwa loaches, komanso mustachioed kapena char wamba (osasokonezedwa ndi nsomba za m'banja la salimoni), omwe amakhalanso a banja la loach, koma kunja kwake ndi osiyana kwambiri. Siberian Char, monga subspecies wa char wamba, amatenga dera kuchokera Urals kuti Sakhalin, kukula kwake ndi malire 16-18 cm.
Loaches nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madamu otsika omwe pansi pake amakhala ndi matope komanso madambo. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wabwino monga madzi oyera, oyenda, okhala ndi okosijeni ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa iye kuposa crucian carp. Loaches amatha kupuma osati mothandizidwa ndi gill, komanso kudzera pakhungu, komanso kudzera m'mimba, kumeza mpweya ndi pakamwa pawo. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi cha loaches ndikutha kuyankha kusintha kwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga. Pamene kutsitsa, nsomba kuchita mosakhazikika, nthawi zambiri kutuluka, akupuma mpweya. Ngati chosungiracho chauma, loaches amakumba mu silt ndi hibernate.
Ofufuza ena amaona kuti nkhanu, monga nkhwazi, zimatha kuyenda pamtunda pakagwa mvula kapena mame a m’mawa. Mulimonsemo, nsombazi zimatha kukhala zopanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nyama za benthic, komanso amadya zakudya zamasamba ndi detritus. Zilibe phindu lazamalonda ndi zachuma; opha nsomba amachigwiritsa ntchito ngati nyambo akagwira nyama zolusa, makamaka mbira. Nyama ya Loach ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo imadyedwa. Nthawi zina, ndi nyama yovulaza, loaches amawononga mazira a mitundu ina ya nsomba, pamene akukhala ovuta kwambiri.
Njira zophera nsomba
Misampha yosiyanasiyana ya wicker nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma loaches. Mu usodzi wa amateur, zida zosavuta zoyandama komanso zapansi, kuphatikiza "theka zapansi", zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Usodzi wosangalatsa kwambiri wa zida zoyandama. Kukula kwa ndodo ndi mitundu ya zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri: usodzi umachitika pamadzi ang'onoang'ono am'madzi kapena mitsinje yaying'ono. Loaches si nsomba zamanyazi, chifukwa chake zingwe zowoneka bwino zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri loach, pamodzi ndi ruff ndi gudgeon, ndiye mpikisano woyamba wa ang'ono aang'ono. Mukawedza pamadzi oyenda, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zopha nsomba ndi zida "zothamanga". Zikuoneka kuti nkhandwe zimachita bwino ndi nyambo zomwe zimakokera pansi, ngakhale m'mayiwe omwe ali osasunthika. Nthawi zambiri, odziwa kupha nsomba amakoka chingwecho pang'onopang'ono ndi nyongolotsi pa mbedza m'mphepete mwa "khoma" la zomera za m'madzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mbalamezi zilume.
Nyambo
Loaches amayankha bwino ku nyambo zosiyanasiyana za nyama. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, komanso mphutsi, mphutsi za khungwa, mphutsi zamagazi, caddisflies ndi zina. Ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti kuswana kwa loach m’madzi oyandikana ndi kumene kumakhalako kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyamwa magazi m’derali.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Loaches ndizofala ku Europe: kuchokera ku France kupita ku Urals. Palibe loaches m'nyanja ya Arctic, Great Britain, Scandinavia, komanso ku Iberia Peninsula, Italy, Greece. Ku Europe Russia, poganizira malo otchedwa beseni la Arctic Ocean, ku Caucasus ndi Crimea kulibe loach. Palibe kupitirira Urals konse.
Kuswana
Kubereketsa kumachitika m'chilimwe ndi m'chilimwe, malingana ndi dera. M'madamu oyenda, ngakhale moyo wongokhala, kwa wobereketsa amatha kupita kutali ndi komwe amakhala. Yaikazi imabala pakati pa ndere. Ma loaches aang'ono, pokhala pa nthawi ya kukula kwa mphutsi, amakhala ndi mphutsi zakunja, zomwe zimachepetsedwa patatha mwezi umodzi wamoyo.