Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 138 | Tsamba 1684 | 8.2% | 5.9% | 1220 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 18.2 ga | 76 ga | 23.9% | 17.3% | 418 ga |
| mafuta | 0.5 ga | 56 ga | 0.9% | 0.7% | 11200 ga |
| Zakudya | 14 ga | 219 ga | 6.4% | 4.6% | 1564 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 1.4 ga | ~ | |||
| Water | 64.7 ga | 2273 ga | 2.8% | 2% | 3513 ga |
| ash | 1.2 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 10 | Makilogalamu 900 | 1.1% | 0.8% | 9000 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.03 mg | 1.5 mg | 2% | 1.4% | 5000 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.2 mg | 1.8 mg | 11.1% | 8% | 900 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 43 mg | 500 mg | 8.6% | 6.2% | 1163 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.21 mg | 5 mg | 4.2% | 3% | 2381 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.19 mg | 2 mg | 9.5% | 6.9% | 1053 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 40 | Makilogalamu 400 | 10% | 7.2% | 1000 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 1.32 | Makilogalamu 3 | 44% | 31.9% | 227 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 0.4 mg | 90 mg | 0.4% | 0.3% | 22500 ga |
| Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 7.6 | Makilogalamu 50 | 15.2% | 11% | 658 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 3.4 mg | 20 mg | 17% | 12.3% | 588 ga |
| niacin | 0.4 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 98 mg | 2500 mg | 3.9% | 2.8% | 2551 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 101 mg | 1000 mg | 10.1% | 7.3% | 990 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 24 mg | 400 mg | 6% | 4.3% | 1667 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 37 mg | 1300 mg | 2.8% | 2% | 3514 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 182 mg | 1000 mg | 18.2% | 13.2% | 549 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 151 mg | 800 mg | 18.9% | 13.7% | 530 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 115 mg | 2300 mg | 5% | 3.6% | 2000 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 50 | ~ | |||
| Iron, Faith | 0.3 mg | 18 mg | 1.7% | 1.2% | 6000 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 9 | Makilogalamu 150 | 6% | 4.3% | 1667 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 2 | Makilogalamu 10 | 20% | 14.5% | 500 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.008 mg | 2 mg | 0.4% | 0.3% | 25000 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 60 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 6% | 4.3% | 1667 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 7.7 | Makilogalamu 70 | 11% | 8% | 909 ga |
| Kutsogolera, Sn | Makilogalamu 13 | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 30 | Makilogalamu 55 | 54.5% | 39.5% | 183 ga |
| Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 17 | ~ | |||
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 32 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 0.8% | 0.6% | 12500 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 2 | Makilogalamu 50 | 4% | 2.9% | 2500 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.364 mg | 12 mg | 3% | 2.2% | 3297 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 14 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
| sterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | 1 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 0.3 ga | maulendo 18.7 г |
Mphamvu ndi 138 kcal.
- Supuni ("pamwamba" kupatula zakudya zamadzimadzi) = 20 g (27.6 kcal)
- Supuni ("pamwamba" kupatula zakudya zamadzimadzi) = 7 g (9.7 kcal)
- vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso za redox, imathandizira chidwi chamitundu ya chowunikira chowonera ndikusinthasintha kwamdima. Mavitamini B2 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya khungu, nembanemba yam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa kuwala ndi kuwunika kwamadzulo.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Vitamini H. nawo synthesis wa mafuta, glycogen, ndi kagayidwe wa amino zidulo. Kudya mavitamini osakwanira kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa khungu.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.