Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) chithunzi ndi kufotokoza

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake)

• Tricholoma nauseosum;
• Mseru zida;
• Armillaria matsutake.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ndi bowa wamtundu wa Tricholome.

Kufotokozera kwakunja kwa bowa

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ali ndi thupi lobala zipatso ndi kapu ndi tsinde. Thupi lake ndi loyera, lodziwika ndi fungo lokoma la zokometsera, lofanana ndi fungo la sinamoni. Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo mu bowa wakupsa ndi wochuluka, pamwamba pake ming'alu ndi zoyera za bowa zoyera zimalowa m'ming'alu iyi. Pankhani ya mainchesi ake, kapu ya bowayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, tubercle yayikulu m'lifupi mwake ikuwonekera bwino. Pamwamba pa kapu ndi youma, poyamba yoyera kapena bulauni, yosalala. Pambuyo pake, mamba a ulusi amawonekera pamenepo. Mphepete mwa kapu ya bowa imakwezedwa pang'ono; ulusi ndi chophimba chotsalira nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pa iwo.

Hymenophore ya thupi la fruiting imayimiridwa ndi mtundu wa lamellar. Mabalawa amadziwika ndi zonona kapena zoyera, zomwe zimasintha kukhala zofiirira ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu pa iwo kapena kuwonongeka. Zamkati za bowa ndi zokhuthala kwambiri komanso zowuma, zimatulutsa fungo la peyala-sinamoni, zimakoma mofewa, zimasiya zowawa zowawa.

Mwendo wa bowa ndi wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala kuyambira 9 mpaka 25 cm, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 1.5-3 cm. Imakula mpaka pansi ngati kalabu. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, imatha kuchepetsa. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wonyezimira komanso mphete yamtundu wa bulauni. Kuphimba kwa ufa kumawonekera pamwamba pake, ndipo kumunsi kwa mwendo wa bowa kumakutidwa ndi mamba a walnut-brown fibrous.

Mwendo umadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda ndi kutalika kwakukulu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa pansi.

Malo okhala ndi nthawi ya fruiting

Bowa wa Matsutake, yemwe dzina lake limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Japan ngati bowa wa paini, amakula makamaka ku Asia, China ndi Japan, North America ndi Northern Europe. Zimamera pafupi ndi mitengo, nthawi zambiri zimabisala pansi pa masamba akugwa. Maonekedwe a bowa wa matsutake ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi mizu ya mitengo yamphamvu yomwe imamera m'madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, ku North America, bowa ndi symbiosis ndi pine kapena fir, ndipo ku Japan - ndi paini wofiira. Imakonda kumera pa nthaka yopanda chonde komanso yowuma, imapanga magulu amtundu wa mphete. Chochititsa chidwi, bowa wamtunduwu akamakhwima, nthaka pansi pa mycelium pazifukwa zina imasanduka yoyera. Ngati mwadzidzidzi chonde cha nthaka chikuwonjezeka, malo otere amakhala osayenera kuti Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) apitirire. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitika ngati chiwerengero cha kugwa nthambi ndi akale masamba ukuwonjezeka.

Fruiting matsutake imayamba mu Seputembala, ndipo imatha mpaka Okutobala. Pa gawo la Federation, bowa wamtunduwu amapezeka ku Southern Urals, Urals, Far East ndi Primorye, Kum'mawa ndi Kumwera kwa Siberia.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ndi mtundu wa mycorrhizal wa oak ndi pine, womwe umapezeka m'nkhalango za oak-pine ndi pine. Matupi a fruiting a bowa amapezeka m'magulu okha.

Kukula

Bowa wa Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ndi wodyedwa, ndipo mutha kuugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse, yaiwisi komanso yophika, yophika kapena yokazinga. Bowawa amadziwika ndi kukoma kwakukulu, nthawi zina amawotchedwa kapena mchere, koma nthawi zambiri amadyedwa mwatsopano. Akhoza zouma. Zamkati mwa thupi la fruiting ndi zotanuka, ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala kokhazikika, monga momwe amanunkhira (matsutake amanunkhira ngati utomoni). Amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi gourmet. Matsutake akhoza kuuma.

Mitundu yofananira, yosiyana ndi iwo

Mu 1999, asayansi ochokera ku Sweden, Danell ndi Bergius, adachita kafukufuku yemwe adapangitsa kuti athe kudziwa ndendende kuti bowa wa ku Sweden wotchedwa Tricholoma nauseosum, womwe poyamba unkawoneka ngati wamtundu wofanana ndi wa matsutake waku Japan, ndi bowa womwewo. Zotsatira zofananira za DNA zidalola kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa bowa wotumizidwa kunja kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Japan. Ndipo chifukwa chachikulu cha kufunika kotereku chinali kukoma kwake kokoma ndi fungo lokoma la bowa.