Matenda a Neurodegenerative amatenga vuto lalikulu lathanzi chifukwa cha zovuta zamalingaliro zomwe zimawonekera. Pakati pa mayesero ambiri omwe alipo kale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuchepa kwachidziwitso, timapeza MoCA kapena "Montreal Cognitive Assessment".

Matenda a Alzheimer's (AD) ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Amawonetseredwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa magwiridwe antchito, makamaka kukumbukira, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku. 

Ku France, anthu pafupifupi 800 amakhulupirira kuti adakhudzidwa ndi AD kapena matenda ena ofanana nawo. Izi zikuyimira mtengo waukulu wa anthu, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Chisamaliro chawo chimakhala nkhani yokhudza thanzi la anthu kuposa kale lonse. Komabe, ku France, 000% yamatenda a dementia sindiwo njira zodziwitsira zatsimikizidwe ndi katswiri. Ntchito zambiri zakhala zikuyang'ana m'zaka zaposachedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono kapena "Kuwonongeka Kochepera Kwazidziwitso" (MCI). Chotsatirachi chimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwazidziwitso zazing'ono, makamaka m'malo okumbukira, mwa odwala omwe amakhala odziyimira pawokha m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku (Petersen et al., 50).

Kuunikira MCI kumafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso amodzi kapena angapo mwachangu, osavuta omwe mawonekedwe a metrological (muyeso) adatsimikizika. Yopangidwa mu 2005 ndi Dr. Ziad Nasreddine, katswiri wazamisala ku Canada, MoCA ndiyeso lomwe limapangidwira achikulire ndi achikulire omwe akuwoneka kuti ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono, matenda amisala kapena matenda amitsempha. Mu 80% ya milandu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira matenda a Alzheimer's, makamaka ngati munthuyo amangowasowa, nthawi zina amasokonezeka. Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka makumi awiri m'maiko 200 ndipo imapezeka m'zilankhulo 20. Sizipanga kuti zitheke kukhazikitsa matenda koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera mayeso ena. Ilandilidwanso chidwi chifukwa chazindikire kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson.

Kukhalitsa kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 15, mayesowa amaphatikizapo kuwunika kosazindikira pang'ono, poyesa ntchito zotsatirazi: 

• chidwi;
• ndende;
• ntchito zoyang'anira;
• Kukumbukira;
• chilankhulo;
• maluso omanga a visuo;
• kutaya mphamvu;
• mawerengedwe;
• kulolera.  

Woyesererayo amafunsa mafunso omwe amafunikira mayankho achidule, ntchito khumi monga kujambula kyubu, wotchi ndi zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zili ndi mawu osiyanasiyana oti mukumbukire. 

Malangizowo ndi achindunji mokwanira kuti awongolere bwino woperekayo mu mphotho yonse. Ayenera kukhala ndi gridi yamagoli komanso malangizo omaliza MoCA m'manja. Ndi zikalata ziwirizi ndi pensulo, amapitilira kukayezetsa magazi potsatira malangizo ndikuwonetsetsa mayankho ake. Popeza kuchuluka kwa MoCA kumatengera mulingo wamaphunziro, olemba amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mfundo ngati maphunziro a wodwalayo ali zaka 12 kapena kucheperapo. Ngakhale kuti mafunso angawoneke ngati osavuta, siophweka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo.

Zochitikazo zimachokera ku:

• kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa (mfundo zisanu);
• mawonekedwe owoneka ndi malo ndi kuyesa kwa wotchi (3 point);
• ntchito yopanga cube (1 point);
• ntchito zoyang'anira;
• kumveka bwino kwa mawu (1 mfundo);
• kuchotsa mawu (mfundo ziwiri);
• chidwi, ndende ndikugwira ntchito kukumbukira (1 mfundo);
• kuchotsa mndandanda (3 mfundo);
• kuwerenga manambala kumanja (1 point) ndi kumbuyo (1 point);
• Chilankhulo chofotokozera ziweto (3 point) ndikubwereza ziganizo zovuta (2 point);
• mawonekedwe mu nthawi ndi malo (6 mfundo).

Mulingo wounikirawo umachitika mwachindunji pa gridi komanso munthawi yomweyo mayeso. Wowunikirayo alembe mayankho a munthuyo ndikulemba (zabwino pa mfundo imodzi komanso zolakwika pa mfundo 0). Zolemba zambiri mwa mfundo za 30 zidzapezeka. Zolembazo zitha kutanthauziridwa motere:

• = 26/30 = palibe vuto la neurocognitive;
• 18-25 / 30 = kuwonongeka pang'ono;
• 10-17 = kuwonongeka pang'ono;
• Ochepera 10 = kuwonongeka kwakukulu.