Zamkatimu
Mu bowa ena, mawonekedwe a thupi la fruiting ndi ozungulira. Zikuwoneka ngati mipira ya tenisi yamwazikana paudzu. Oimira owoneka bwino a bowa wozungulira ndi lead-gray fluff, truffle yachilimwe ndi mitundu yambiri ya malaya amvula (munda, chimphona, mvula yabodza wamba). Chipatso cha bowa wozungulira nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyera; ali aang’ono, ena amadyedwa.
Bowa porkhovka ndi kuzungulira imvi kapu
ufa wotuwa wotuwa (Bovista plumbea).
Banja: Mphuno (Lycoperdaceae).
Nyengo: Juni - Seputembala.
Kukula: payekha komanso m’magulu.
Description:
Thupi la fruiting ndi lozungulira, loyera, nthawi zambiri lakuda.
Bowo laling'ono lomwe lili ndi m'mphepete mwake limatseguka pamwamba, momwe spores zimafalikira.
Mnofu poyamba umakhala woyera, kenako wotuwa, wopanda fungo.
Zikapsa, chipewa cha bowa wozungulira (thupi la zipatso) chimakhala imvi, matte, ndi khungu lowundana.
Bowa amadyedwa ali wamng'ono.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Bowa uyu wokhala ndi kapu yotuwa yozungulira amamera pa dothi lopanda mchenga, m'nkhalango zopepuka, m'mphepete mwa misewu, m'malo otsetsereka ndi madambo.
M'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja bowa zazikulu ndi matupi ozungulira fruiting
Puffball (Vascellum pratense).
Banja: Mphuno (Lycoperdaceae).
Nyengo: chilimwe yophukira.
Kukula: m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kawirikawiri okha.
Description:
Thupi lotulutsa zipatso la bowa lalikululi ndi lozungulira, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi nsonga yosalala. Septum yopingasa imalekanitsa gawo lozungulira lokhala ndi spore ndi gawo looneka ngati mwendo. Young fruiting matupi oyera, ndiye pang'onopang'ono kukhala kuwala bulauni.
Mphuno ya gawo lokhala ndi spore poyamba imakhala yowundana, yoyera, kenako imakhala yofewa, ya azitona.
Pansi pake ndi yopapatiza pang'ono.
Bowa amadyedwa akadakali wamng'ono, pamene thupi limakhala loyera. Akakazinga amakoma ngati nyama.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nthaka ndi humus m'minda, madambo ndi poyera.
Mvula wamba (Scleroderma citrinum).
Banja: Madontho amvula abodza (Sclerodermataceae).
Nyengo: July-pakati pa September.
Kukula: payekha komanso m’magulu.
Description:
Chigobacho ndi cholimba, chakuda, ma ocher toni, chofiira m'malo olumikizana.
Chipatso thupi tuberous kapena spherical-flattened
Nthawi zina pali rhizome.
Mnofu ndi wopepuka, wandiweyani kwambiri, wonyezimira, nthawi zina ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino, umakhala wofiirira-wakuda ndi ukalamba. Mnofu wa m'munsi umakhala woyera nthawi zonse.
Bowa wa m'dzinja ndi wosadyedwa, ndipo mochuluka kwambiri ungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zopepuka, m'mabzala ang'onoang'ono, m'zitsamba zosowa, pamtunda wopanda mchenga ndi dongo, m'mphepete mwa misewu, m'malo otsetsereka.
Mpira waukulu wa puffball ( Calvatia gigantea ).
Banja: Champignons (Agaricaceae).
Nyengo: May - October.
Kukula: payekha komanso m’magulu.
Description:
Chipatsocho chimakhala chozungulira, choyera poyamba, chimakhala chachikasu ndikukhala bulauni pamene chikucha. Chigoba cha bowa wakupsa chimang’ambika n’kugwa.
Ikamacha, thupi limasanduka lachikasu ndipo pang’onopang’ono limasanduka bulauni wa azitona.
Mnofu wa bowa wachichepere ndi woyera.
Bowa wamkulu wa porcini m'chilimwechi amadyedwa akadali wamng'ono, pamene mnofu wake umakhala wotanuka, wandiweyani komanso woyera. Njira yabwino yophikira ndikudula, mkate ndi mwachangu mu mafuta.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, m'minda, madambo, ma steppes, minda ndi mapaki, msipu. Zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Truffle yachilimwe (Tuber aestivum).
Banja: Truffles (Tuberaceae).
Nyengo: chilimwe - chiyambi cha autumn.
Kukula: matupi a fruiting ali mobisa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pakuya, bowa akale nthawi zina amawonekera pamwamba
Description:
Thupi la fruiting ndi tuberous kapena lozungulira.
Pamwambapo ndi wofiirira-wakuda mpaka bluish-wakuda, wokutidwa ndi njerewere zakuda za piramidi.
Zamkati poyamba ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, mu bowa akale ndi lotayirira, mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka bulauni-chikasu ndi zaka. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi nutty, sweetish, fungo lamphamvu losangalatsa limafanizidwa ndi fungo la algae. Mizere yowala mu zamkati imapanga chitsanzo cha nsangalabwi.
Bowa wodyedwa wa tuberous kapena wozungulira amatengedwa ngati chakudya chokoma, koma chocheperako kuposa ma truffles ena enieni.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zodula m'nthaka ya calcareous, nthawi zambiri pansi pa mizu ya oak, beech, hornbeam, birch. Osowa kwambiri m'nkhalango za coniferous. Ntchentche zachikaso zimadzadza pa malo omera truffle dzuwa likamalowa. Imagawidwa ku Central Europe, ku Dziko Lathu imapezeka pagombe la Black Sea ku Caucasus.
Dziwani: agalu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka truffles.
Views:
Red truffle (Tuber rufum) zofala ku Europe ndi North America; amapezeka ku Siberia.
Winter truffle (Tuber brumale) zofalitsidwa ku France ndi Switzerland.
Black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) - ofunika kwambiri a truffles. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku France.
White truffle (Tuber magnatum) odziwika kwambiri kumpoto kwa Italy ndi madera oyandikana nawo a France.