Myelodysplastic syndrome ndi matenda a magazi. Matendawa amachititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maselo ozungulira magazi. Matendawa amatchedwanso: myelodysplasia.

Mu chamoyo "chathanzi", fupa limapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a magazi:

- maselo ofiira a m'magazi, omwe amalola mpweya wabwino ku thupi lonse;

- maselo oyera a magazi, kulola thupi kulimbana ndi exogenous wothandizira motero kupewa chiopsezo cha matenda;

- mapulateleti, omwe amalola kuti magazi aziundana ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mu coagulation.

Pankhani ya odwala myelodysplastic syndrome, mafupa sangathenso kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi ndi mapulateleti nthawi zonse. Maselo a magazi amapangidwa modabwitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asakule bwino. Pansi pa zomwe zikuchitikazi, fupa la mafupa limakhala ndi maselo osadziwika bwino omwe amagawidwa kumagazi onse.

Matenda amtunduwu amatha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kapena amakula kwambiri.

 Pali mitundu ingapo ya matendawa: (2)

• refractory anemia, pamenepa, kupanga kokha kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kumakhudzidwa;
• refractory cytopenia, kumene maselo onse (maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi ndi mapulateleti) amakhudzidwa;
• refractory anemia ndi kuphulika kwakukulu, kumakhudzanso maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a magazi ndi mapulateleti ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'magazi.

Myelodysplastic syndrome imatha kukhudza anthu amisinkhu yonse. Komabe, anthu omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 70. Mmodzi yekha mwa odwala asanu osakwanitsa zaka 50 angakhudzidwe ndi matendawa. (2)

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zochepa poyamba. Mawonetseredwe azachipatalawa amakhala ovuta.

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a magazi omwe akhudzidwa.

Ngati ma cell ofiira akhudzidwa, zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizana ndi izi:

• kutopa;
• zofooka;
• kupuma movutikira.

Zikachitika kuti maselo oyera amwazi akhudzidwa, ziwonetsero zachipatala zimabweretsa:

• chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda okhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ma virus, mabakiteriya, majeremusi, etc.).

Kukula kwa mapulateleti kukhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri timazindikira:

• kutuluka magazi kwambiri komanso kuoneka kwa mabala popanda chifukwa chenicheni.

Mitundu ina ya myelodysplastic syndrome ndi yofanana ndi mawonetsedwe azachipatala omwe amakula mwachangu kuposa ena.

Komanso, odwala ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro za khalidwe. Choncho, matenda a matendawa amapangidwa pambuyo poyesa magazi, kusonyeza kutsika kwachilendo kwa maselo a magazi ozungulira ndi kuwonongeka kwawo.

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wake. Zowonadi, pankhani ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zizindikiro zomwe zimayambika zimakhala kutopa, kufooka komanso kuthekera kwa kupuma movutikira. (2)

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi myelodysplastic syndrome amatha kukhala pachimake myeloid leukemia. Ndi khansa ya maselo oyera a magazi.

Magwero enieni a myelodysplastic syndrome sakudziwika bwino.

Komabe, ubale woyambitsa ndi zotsatira wakhazikitsidwa kuti uwonetsere zinthu zina zamagulu, monga benzene, ndi chitukuko cha matenda. Mankhwalawa, omwe amatchedwa carcinogenic kwa anthu, amapezeka kwambiri m'makampani opanga mapulasitiki, mphira kapena mafakitale a petrochemical.

Nthawi zina, kukula kwa matenda awa kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy. Izi ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa. (2)

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi izi:

- kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena, monga benzene;

- chithandizo choyambirira ndi chemotherapy ndi / kapena radiotherapy.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a myelodysplastic kumayamba ndi kuyezetsa magazi komanso kuyesa zitsanzo za m'mafupa. Mayeserowa amathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo amagazi abwinobwino komanso achilendo.

Kusanthula kwa mafupa kumachitidwa pansi pa opaleshoni ya m'deralo. Chitsanzo chake nthawi zambiri chimatengedwa kuchokera m'chiuno mwa munthuyo ndikuwunikiridwa ndi maikulosikopu mu labotale.

The mankhwala a matenda zimadalira mwachindunji mtundu wa matenda ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni munthu.

Cholinga cha mankhwala ndi kubwezeretsa mlingo wabwinobwino wa maselo ozungulira magazi ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Pankhani yomwe wodwalayo akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a matendawa omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa chosintha kukhala khansa, kulembedwa kwa mankhwala enaake sikungakhale kothandiza koma kumangofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kupyolera mu kuyesa magazi.

 Njira zochizira matenda amtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ndi:

• kuikidwa magazi;
• mankhwala owongolera ayironi m’mwazi, nthaŵi zambiri pambuyo pothiridwa mwazi;
• jekeseni zinthu za kukula, monga erythropoietin kapena G-CSFs, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo a magazi ndi kuthandizira fupa la mafupa kupanga maselo a magazi;
• maantibayotiki, pochiza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi.

Komanso, mankhwala a mtundu: anti-thymocyte immunoglobulins (ATG) kapena cyclosporine, kuchepetsa ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi kulola mafupa kupanga maselo a magazi.

Kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa, mankhwala a chemotherapy atha kuperekedwa kapenanso kumuika stem cell.

Chemotherapy imawononga maselo amwazi amwazi mwa kuletsa kukula kwawo. Itha kuperekedwa pakamwa (mapiritsi) kapena kudzera m'mitsempha.

Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi:

- cytarabine;

- fludarabine;

- daunorubicine;

- clofarabine;

- l'azacitidine.

Stem cell transplantation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamtunduwu. M'nkhaniyi, kuyika kwa tsinde maselo makamaka ikuchitika achinyamata nkhani.

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi chemotherapy komanso / kapena radiotherapy yoyambirira. Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a magazi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, kuyika maselo athanzi kungakhale kothandiza. (2)