Kuvutika maganizo kwa mafupa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maselo a magazi. Zitha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera amagazi ndi / kapena mapulateleti. Kutopa kokhazikika, kufooka, matenda obwerezabwereza komanso kutulutsa magazi kwachilendo kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za idiopathic aplastic anemia chifukwa chiyambi chake sichidziwika nthawi zambiri.

Tanthauzo la aplastic anemia

Bone marrow aplasia ndi matenda a m'mafupa, ndiko kuti, matenda omwe amakhudza malo omwe maselo a magazi amapangidwira. Kuphatikizika uku kumakhudzidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa maselo m'magazi.

Monga chikumbutso, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a magazi: maselo ofiira a magazi (maselo ofiira a magazi), maselo oyera a magazi (leukocytes) ndi mapulateleti (thrombocytes). Monga maselo onse, awa amapangidwanso mwachibadwa. Maselo atsopano a magazi akupangidwa mosalekeza ndi fupa la fupa kuchokera ku maselo a tsinde. Pankhani ya aplastic anemia, maselo a tsinde amatha. 

Zotsatira za aplastic anemia

Zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana munthu ndi munthu. Kuchepa kwa maselo a magazi kungakhale kwapang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi, ndipo mochuluka kapena mocheperapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo simakhudzidwa mwanjira yomweyo.

Choncho n'zotheka kusiyanitsa:

• kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m’magazi, amene amathandiza kwambiri kunyamula mpweya wa okosijeni m’thupi;
• leukopenia, kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi;
• thrombocytopenia, kutsika kwa mapulateleti m'magazi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri pazochitika za coagulation pakavulazidwa.

Zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Nthawi zambiri, chiyambi cha matenda a m'mafupa sichidziwika. Timalankhula za idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Komabe, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti aplastic anemia ndi zotsatira za zochitika za autoimmune. Ngakhale kuti chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi zambiri chimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chimalimbana ndi maselo athanzi omwe ndi ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Pankhani ya aplastic anemia, chitetezo chamthupi chimawononga ma cell tsinde ofunikira kuti apange maselo atsopano a magazi.

Kuzindikira kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi athunthu (CBC), kapena kuchuluka kwa magazi athunthu. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa kuti awone kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo (maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, mapulateleti).

Ngati milingoyo ili yolakwika, kuyezetsa kwina kungathe kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi vuto la aplastic anemia. Mwachitsanzo :

• myelogram, kuyesa komwe kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mbali ya mafupa kuti aunike;
• fupa la mafupa, kuyesa komwe kumachotsa mbali ya fupa ndi fupa.

Anthu okhudzidwa ndi aplastic anemia

Amuna ndi akazi amakhudzidwa mofanana ndi matendawa. Zitha kuchitikanso pa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe nsonga ziwiri zafupipafupi zidawonedwa zomwe zili pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 25 komanso pambuyo pa zaka 50.

Matendawa amakhalabe osowa. Ku Ulaya ndi ku United States, zochitika zake (chiwerengero cha anthu atsopano pachaka) ndi 1 mwa anthu 500 ndipo kufalikira kwake (chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa pagulu linalake pa nthawi yoperekedwa) ndi 000 pa 1 iliyonse.

Matenda a m'mafupa amatha kudziwika ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi (anemia), maselo oyera a magazi (leukopenia) ndi / kapena mapulateleti (thrombocytopenia). Zizindikiro za aplastic anemia zimadalira mitundu ya maselo a magazi omwe akhudzidwa.

Kutopa kwathunthu ndi zofooka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Anemia imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Zingayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• kuyanika kwa khungu ndi mucous nembanemba;
• kutopa;
• chizungulire;
• kupuma movutikira;
• palpitations pochita khama.

Matenda a leukopenia

Leukopenia imabweretsa kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi. Thupi limataya mphamvu zake zodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda obwerezabwereza amatha kuchitika pamagulu osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Kutaya magazi chifukwa cha thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia, kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mapulateleti, kumakhudza chodabwitsa cha coagulation. Kutuluka kwa magazi kosiyanasiyana kungawonekere. Zitha kukhala:

• kutuluka magazi m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa;
• mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imawonekera popanda chifukwa.

Kuwongolera kwa aplastic anemia kumatengera kusinthika kwake. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kungakhale kokwanira, chithandizo chimakhala chofunikira nthawi zambiri.

Pachidziwitso chamakono, njira ziwiri zochiritsira zitha kuganiziridwa pochiza aplastic anemia:

• chithandizo cha immunosuppressive chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kuletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti achepetse, kapena kuyimitsa, kuwononga ma cell tsinde;
• Kuika mafupa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mafupa omwe ali ndi matenda ndi mafupa athanzi omwe amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wopereka ndalama.

Ngakhale kupatsirana kwa mafupa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira aplastic anemia, opaleshoniyi imangoganiziridwa pazinthu zina. Ndi chithandizo cholemera chomwe sichikhala ndi chiopsezo cha zovuta za postoperative. Kawirikawiri, kupatsirana kwa mafupa kumasungidwa kwa odwala osapitirira zaka 40 omwe ali ndi mtundu woopsa wa aplasia ya mafupa.

Thandizo lothandizira litha kuperekedwa kuti athe kuthana ndi zizindikiro za aplastic anemia. Mwachitsanzo :

• maantibayotiki oletsa kapena kuchiza matenda ena;
• kuikidwa magazi ofiira ngati ali ndi magazi m'thupi;
• kulowetsedwa kwa mapulateleti mu thrombocytopenia.

Mpaka pano, palibe njira yodzitetezera yomwe yadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha aplastic magazi m'thupi sichidziwika.