Zamkatimu
Myopia: Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kuyang'anira pafupi
Myopia: ndichiyani?
La myopia si matenda koma a masomphenya olakwika yomwe imadziwika ndi a masomphenya apafupi koma masomphenya omveka bwino zosokoneza kuchokera kutali. Kukhudza pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ndi North America, myopia ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la maso, ndipo kufalikira kwake kukuchulukirachulukira.
Nthawi zambiri amawonekera pazaka zakusukulu (paubwana kapena unyamata) ndikupita patsogolo ku uchikulire, kumene kumakonda kukhazikika. Ma myopia ena amphamvu, otchedwa "matenda" a myopia, mwatsoka amasanduka moyo wawo wonse.
Ilipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya myopia kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku phunziro limodzi kupita ku linzake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti a chilango chowonekera zambiri kapena zochepa zofunika. Anthu “opepuka” omwe ali ndi myopia sakakamizidwa kuwongolera myopia kwamuyaya koma pokhapokha pakakhala ngozi kapena zofunikira monga kuyendetsa galimoto, kupita ku kanema, ndi zina…
Mu ophthalmology, kukula kwa zolakwika za refractive (kuphatikizapo myopia) kumayesedwa mu diopters. Mwachizoloŵezi, mlingo wa myopia umafotokozedwa ndi chizindikiro cha "minus", kuyambira -0,25 mpaka -2,50 diopters kwa myopia wofatsa, - 2,75 mpaka -6 diopters kwa myopia yapakati, -6 diopters ndi pamwamba kwa myopia yamphamvu.
Ndani amakhudzidwa ndi myopia?
Kuchuluka kwa myopia m'magulu osiyanasiyana kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka,Chiyambi cha maloNdipoenvironment. Ku France, malinga ndi Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), 29% ya anthu amawona pafupi. Ichinso ndi chiwerengero chopezeka ku North America.
Kumbali ina, maiko a ku Asia amayambukiridwa mowonjezereka: 80 mpaka 90% ya ana ausinkhu wa sukulu saona zachifupi m’matauni ena a China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, kapena ngakhale South Korea. Pakati pawo, 10 mpaka 20% ali ndi myopia yapamwamba, yomwe ingayambitse mavuto manda.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zingapo, anthu 2,5 biliyoni (gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lonse lapansi) adzakhala akuwoneratu mu 2020, poyerekeza ndi 1,6 biliyoni lero.2.
Zifukwa za myopia
M'maso abwinobwino, chithunzi cha zinthu chikuwonetsedwa pa retina (mtundu wa "filimu yojambula" yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa diso). Kornea ndi mandala, omwe ali kutsogolo kwa diso, amagwira ntchito kuti apange chithunzi chakuthwa pa retina.
Pankhani ya myopia, mfundo yakuthwa siili pa retina, koma kutsogolo kwake. Nthawi zambiri, chodabwitsa ichi chimagwirizana ndi diso lomwe ndi lalitali kwambiri. Kenako timalankhula matenda a myopia.
Nthawi zambiri, kupindika kwambiri kwa cornea kumathanso kuchitika. Nthawi zonse, chifaniziro cha zinthu zakutali chikuwoneka ngati chipwirikiti, chifukwa mandala sangathe kubweza.
Zomwe zimayambitsa myopia ndi zonsezi majini et nkhawa, koma sadziwika bwino. Pakadali pano, madera opitilira 20 adziwika ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi majini omwe amakhudzidwa ndi myopia3. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, majini opitilira 70 amagwira nawo ntchito zolakwika za kutsutsa1. Ena mwa ma jini awa amatengera kukula kwa zinthu, kapenanso pazinthu za matrix ocular2.
Komabe, pamene kufalikira kwa myopia kukukulirakulirabe padziko lonse lapansi, ofufuza akupeza kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zimathandizanso kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa4, kusowa kukhudzana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa imasokoneza kukula kwa diso ndipo imatha kulimbikitsa myopia. Moyo wapano (masewera apakanema, kuwerenga, zowonera, zochitika zochepa zakunja, ndi zina zambiri) ziyenera kupewedwa momwe zingathere.
Zochitika komanso zovuta
Nthawi zambiri, axile myopia imadzikonza bwino ndikuwongolera, sikubweretsa vuto pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pakadutsa zaka 25 ndipo nthawi zambiri sichidutsa -6 diopters.
Komabe, myopia ina imapita patsogolo (yotchedwanso matenda a myopia) ndipo sakhazikika. Iwo amafuna wokhazikika zithunzi cheke ndi dokotala ophthalmic, ndi anatengera pafupipafupi kuwala kudzudzulidwa.
Komanso, myopia (makamaka ngati amphamvu) amagwirizana ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda aakulu a maso.1kuphatikizapo:
- un gulu la diso zomwe zingayambitse khungu;
- glaucoma (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic);
- ng'ala (kuchuluka kwa mandala);
- kutuluka magazi kuchokera ku macula (malo apakati a retina).
Pomaliza, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti si anthu onse padziko lapansi amene amapindula ndi kuwongolera kokwanira kwa maso. Akuti anthu 150 miliyoni padziko lapansi akuvutika ndi zolakwika zosasinthika, 8 miliyoni mwa iwo amawonedwa ngati akhungu.2.
Zizindikiro za myopia ndi:
- a kutayika kwa mawonekedwe akutali (Mawu oti “kutali” ndi wachibale. Kuwona kungayambe kusawona kuchokera patali patali ndi myopia yayikulu);
- a muyenera kuyandikira kuti muwone bwino (ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za myopia oyambirira);
- kuvutika kuona poyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa iwe mwini komanso kwa ena;
- nthawi zina mutu.
Low myopia imawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Zinthu zakutali zimawoneka zosawoneka bwino, pomwe pafupi ndi zinthu zimakhalabe zowoneka bwino.
Nthawi zambiri, ana kapena achinyamata omwe ali ndi myopic amavutika kuwerenga zomwe zalembedwa pa bolodi atakhala kumbuyo kwa kalasi. Kuwerenga zikwangwani zakutali kapena mayina amisewu kumakhala kovuta.
Matenda a myopia, kapena myopia yamphamvu, imayamba ali mwana. Chimakula mofulumira, m’moyo wonse, ndipo sichikhazikika pauchikulire. Ikhoza kufika - 30 diopters. Makamaka mtundu uwu wa myopia womwe umayambitsa zovuta (kutsekeka kwa retinal, glaucoma, ng'ala koyambirira, khungu).
Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha myopia
Myopia ndi yofala kwambiri:
- m'mabanja ena, chifukwa chibadwa. Ana omwe ali ndi kholo limodzi kapena onse awiri omwe amawona pafupi ndi osavuta kuposa ena omwe amawona pafupi.
- mwa anthu amtundu wa Caucasus ndi Asia, komanso ocheperako mwa omwe amachokera ku Africa1.
Zowopsa
Zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe zikuwoneka kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha myopia:
- le nthawi yochepa yokhala panja paubwana5, choncho kusowa kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa;
- chizolowezi chochita zinthu zina zokakamiza maso gwirani ntchito kwambiri, monga kuwerenga, kupeta, masewera ena apakanema, ndi zina… 2;
- Kufunika kwakukulu kwa ntchito yapafupi paubwana ndi unyamata: timalankhula za myopia ya kusukulu.
Lingaliro la dokotala wathu
Monga gawo lamachitidwe ake abwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Jacques Allard, dokotala wamkulu, amakupatsani malingaliro ake pa myopia :
Myopia ndi vuto lofala kwambiri lamaso ndipo kuchuluka kwake kukukulirakulira. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pazaka zakusukulu ndipo ndikofunikira kuzigwira mwachangu momwe mungathere. Ngati vuto lanu loyang'ana patali likuzindikirika mokwanira kuti likulepheretseni kugwira ntchito kapena kukulepheretsani kupindula ndi zochitika zina, funsani katswiri wa masomphenya (dokotala wa maso ku Quebec kapena ophthalmologist ku France). Kuonjezera apo, ngati mulibe vuto lililonse la maso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe kuyezetsa maso anu pazaka 40 ndipo nthawi zonse pambuyo pake, zaka 2 mpaka 4 pakati pa zaka 40 ndi 54, zaka 1 mpaka 3. Zaka 55 ndi 64, ndipo zaka 1 mpaka 2 pambuyo pa zaka 65. Dr.Jacques Allard MD FCMFC |